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Title: Personality and perceptions of situations from the thematic apperception test: quantifying alpha and beta press.
Creator: Serfass, David G., Sherman, Ryne A., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Theoretical models posit that the perception of situations consists of two components: an objective component attributable to the situation being perceived and a subjective component attributable to the person doing the perceiving (Murray, 1938; Rauthmann, 2012; Sherman, Nave & Funder, 2013; Wagerman & Funder, 2009). In this study participants (N = 186) viewed three pictures from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1938) and rated the situations contained therein using a new measure...
Show moreTheoretical models posit that the perception of situations consists of two components: an objective component attributable to the situation being perceived and a subjective component attributable to the person doing the perceiving (Murray, 1938; Rauthmann, 2012; Sherman, Nave & Funder, 2013; Wagerman & Funder, 2009). In this study participants (N = 186) viewed three pictures from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1938) and rated the situations contained therein using a new measure of situations, the Riverside Situational Q-Sort (RSQ; Wagerman & Funder, 2009). The RSQ was used to calculate the overall agreement among ratings of situations and to examine the objective and subjective properties of the pictures. These results support a twocomponent theory of situation perception. Both the objective situation and the person perceiving that situation contributed to overall perception. Further, distinctive perceptions of situations were consistent across pictures and were associated with the Big Five personality traits in a theoretically meaningful manner. For instance, individuals high in Openness indicated that these pictures contained comparatively more humor (r = .26), intellectual stimuli (r = .20), and raised moral or ethical issues (r = .19) than individuals low on this trait.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004059
Subject Headings: Discourse analysis, Narrative, Ethnopsychology, Personality assessment, Statistical hypothesis testing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Examining the factor structure of the riverside situational Q-SORT.
Creator: Jones, Ashley Bell, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Situations are important in relation to behavior and personality (Lewin, 1946, 1951; Ross & Nisbett, 1991; Zimbardo, 2007). However, historical studies of situations have suffered from disagreement about their structure. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ: Wagerman & Funder, 2009) was developed as a tool to comprehensively measure situation characteristics. Because the RSQ is still relatively new, the factor structure of the RSQ has yet to be examined. Identifying the factor structure of...
Show moreSituations are important in relation to behavior and personality (Lewin, 1946, 1951; Ross & Nisbett, 1991; Zimbardo, 2007). However, historical studies of situations have suffered from disagreement about their structure. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ: Wagerman & Funder, 2009) was developed as a tool to comprehensively measure situation characteristics. Because the RSQ is still relatively new, the factor structure of the RSQ has yet to be examined. Identifying the factor structure of the RSQ is important in order to provide an interpretation of the dimensions of situations and to make the first step in creating a smaller measure of situation characteristics that takes less time for participants to complete. Using a variety of factor extraction methods, 9 factors appeared consistently: Adversity, Social Negativity, Obligation, Cognitive/Intellectual, Mate Attraction, Sensuous, Positivity, and Competition. This study provides in-depth insight into the characteristics of situations based on a quantitative measure from an adult sample.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004127
Subject Headings: Personality and situation., Personality assessment., Ethnopsychology.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Evaluating the effects of data collection methodology on the assessment of situations with the riverside situational q-sort.
Creator: Frascona, Richard, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The practice of evaluating situations with the Riverside Situational Q-Sort (RSQ:Wagerman & Funder, 2009) is relatively new. The present study aimed to investigate the theoretical framework supporting the RSQ with regards to the potential confounds of emotional state and the use of Likert-type ratings. Data were collected from a sample of Florida Atlantic University students (N = 206). Participants were primed for either a positive or negative mood state and asked to evaluate a situation with...
Show moreThe practice of evaluating situations with the Riverside Situational Q-Sort (RSQ:Wagerman & Funder, 2009) is relatively new. The present study aimed to investigate the theoretical framework supporting the RSQ with regards to the potential confounds of emotional state and the use of Likert-type ratings. Data were collected from a sample of Florida Atlantic University students (N = 206). Participants were primed for either a positive or negative mood state and asked to evaluate a situation with the RSQ in either the Q-Sort or Likert-type response format. Results suggested that response format has a significant influence on RSQ evaluations, but mood and the interaction between mood and response format do not. Exploratory analyses were conducted to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004195, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004195
Subject Headings: Sampling (Statistics), Statistical hypothesis testing--Methodology., Personality assessment--Methodology., Discourse analysis, Narrative., Riverside Situational Q-Sort.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An examination of relationships between mindfulness, personality, anxiety, and depression in Americans and Japanese college students.
Creator: Stiksma, Melissa, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Mindfulness – nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment - has recently garnered significant attention in psychological literature for decreasing clinical symptoms. Certain personality traits such as emotionality, however, can predict higher levels of anxiety and depression. The present study examines whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress and depression in nonclinical populations. A total of 321 participants from two samples—American...
Show moreMindfulness – nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment - has recently garnered significant attention in psychological literature for decreasing clinical symptoms. Certain personality traits such as emotionality, however, can predict higher levels of anxiety and depression. The present study examines whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress and depression in nonclinical populations. A total of 321 participants from two samples—American and Japanese undergraduates —self-reported scores on measures of mindfulness, personality, perceived stress and depression. Cross-cultural comparisons following measurement invariance tests also allow for insight into the definition of mindfulness, especially given the Eastern religion origin of mindfulness. Results demonstrate that mindfulness partially mediates the relationships between personality clinical symptoms, particularly for extraversion and conscientiousness. These results can play an important role for developing mindfulness-based treatment and prevention programs and bridge an important gap between Western conceived and Eastern religion mindfulness.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004413, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004413
Subject Headings: Adjustment (Psychology), College students -- Mental health services, Consciousness, Counseling psychology, Counseling psychology Mind and body, Mindfulness -- Religious aspects, Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Quality of life, Stress (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Factors related to the experience of situations: Time of day, gender, and employment status.
Creator: Brown, Nicolas A, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Throughout the course of a day, individuals experience a number of different situations that affect how they think, feel, and behave. However, until recently, there was little research aimed at describing what factors may be related to the psychological properties of situations in individuals' everyday lives. Recent theoretical (e.g., the Situational Eight DIAMONDS) and methodological (e.g., experience sampling, Day Reconstruction Method) advances make the present research tractable. Based on...
Show moreThroughout the course of a day, individuals experience a number of different situations that affect how they think, feel, and behave. However, until recently, there was little research aimed at describing what factors may be related to the psychological properties of situations in individuals' everyday lives. Recent theoretical (e.g., the Situational Eight DIAMONDS) and methodological (e.g., experience sampling, Day Reconstruction Method) advances make the present research tractable. Based on the extant literature, three studies, employing different methodologies, were designed to explore whether three specific factors are related to the experience of situations: time of day, gender, and employment status. Study 1 employs data from 835 participants recruited on Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT). Participants reported a recent situation (single time-point method) and completed a 290-item measure of situations, the Comprehensive Situations Item Pool (CSIP). The results demonstrated consistent daily patterns in the experience of situations. For example, the situational characteristic Duty tends to increase throughout the day, peak at noon, decreasing thereafter. Study 2 uses an experience sampling method to further investigate the daily and weekly temporal patterns in the situational characteristics from a within-person perspective. University participants (N = 210) were contacted via smartphone and rated their situation up to 8 times per day for 7 days. The results showed that there are some similarities and differences in the temporal pattern of situations at the within-person level. Duty, for instance, exhibits a different pattern depending on the day of the week (e.g., negative and linear on weekends, but quadratic on weekdays). Overall, Study 2 demonstrates that there are clear within- and between-day patterns in situation characteristics. Lastly, Study 3 employs a full-day method using archival data from the 2013 American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Participants drawn from a representative sample of Americans (N = 11,384) reported all of their situations for a recent day using the Day Reconstruction Method. The results found that, in addition to consistent daily and weekly trends, patterns for situation characteristics are related to individual differences such as gender and employment status.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004572, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004572
Subject Headings: Communication in organizations., Interbehavioral psychology., Motivation (Psychology), Positive psychology., Conduct of life.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Assessing Situations On Social Media: Temporal, Demographic, And Personality Influences On Situation Experience.
Creator: Serfass, David G., Sherman, Ryne A., Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Social media posts are used to examine what people experience in their everyday lives. A new method is developed for assessing the situational characteristics of social media posts based on the words used in these posts. To accomplish this, machine learning models are built that accurately approximate the judgments of human raters. This new method of situational assessment is applied on two of the most popular social media sites: Twitter and Facebook. Millions of Tweets and Facebook statuses...
Show moreSocial media posts are used to examine what people experience in their everyday lives. A new method is developed for assessing the situational characteristics of social media posts based on the words used in these posts. To accomplish this, machine learning models are built that accurately approximate the judgments of human raters. This new method of situational assessment is applied on two of the most popular social media sites: Twitter and Facebook. Millions of Tweets and Facebook statuses are analyzed. Temporal patterns of situational experiences are found. Geographic and gender differences in experience are examined. Relationships between personality and situation experience were also assessed. Implications of these finding and future applications of this new method of situational assessment are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004632, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004632
Subject Headings: Personality and situation., Personality assessment., Social media., Mass media--Social aspects., Thematic Apperception Test., Social psychology., Impression formation (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: From Study Hall to Skipping Class: An Examination of the Relationship Between Situations and Academic Performance.
Creator: Hojecki, Kimberly, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Psychologists have studied the relationship between personality and academic performance for over a century, and more recently the relationship between personality and situations, but no connection between academic performance and situation characteristics has been researched. The current study examines this relationship using the DIAMONDS dimensions and undergraduate GPA. Participants wore a life logging camera to capture pictures of their surroundings for 24 hours and then self-sorted and...
Show morePsychologists have studied the relationship between personality and academic performance for over a century, and more recently the relationship between personality and situations, but no connection between academic performance and situation characteristics has been researched. The current study examines this relationship using the DIAMONDS dimensions and undergraduate GPA. Participants wore a life logging camera to capture pictures of their surroundings for 24 hours and then self-sorted and rated the photos into meaningful situations. Results found support for previous findings of the relationships for personality with GPA and situations. Significant correlations were found between GPA and Adversity, Deception, and Mating situations, though none were significant unique predictors. There was also no correlation between GPA and percentage of situations which took place in a classroom setting, though there was a significant correlation with time spent in a classroom. Limitations and future research ideas are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004849
Subject Headings: Personality and academic achievement., Academic achievement., Performance--Psychological aspects., Motivation (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Narcissism Admiration and Rivalry Using Situation Research.
Creator: Ramos, Jamie Zahava, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Narcissism is a multidimensional construct consisting of many components and a variety of conceptualizations. One such example is the NARC conceptualization of grandiose narcissism and its two subcomponents admiration and rivalry. This research aims to answer three questions about the NARC conceptualization: (1) what is the relationship between narcissism and Big Six Personality dimensions?; (2) what is the relationship between narcissism and observable behavior?; and (3) how does narcissism...
Show moreNarcissism is a multidimensional construct consisting of many components and a variety of conceptualizations. One such example is the NARC conceptualization of grandiose narcissism and its two subcomponents admiration and rivalry. This research aims to answer three questions about the NARC conceptualization: (1) what is the relationship between narcissism and Big Six Personality dimensions?; (2) what is the relationship between narcissism and observable behavior?; and (3) how does narcissism relate to situational experiences in daily life? Results showed that, consistent with previous research, narcissism was related to Big Six personality. Additionally, narcissism was related to observable behavior. Finally, the results also showed a relationship between narcissism and every day experience (i.e., situation experiences and state expressions of personality). Most critically, the pattern of results suggests that although admiration and rivalry are related subcomponents of narcissism, they are quite distinct in terms of their personality and behavioral correlates.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004855
Subject Headings: Narcissism--Psychology., Human behavior., Typology (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The DIAMONDS at Work: Applying the DIAMONDS Dimensions to Occupations.
Creator: Bell, Steven, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Just as people can be described by traits, situations can be described by the “Situational Eight” DIAMONDS (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, Sociality) (Rauthmann et al., 2014). Based upon the common occurrence of situations in combinations unique to different occupations the current study sets out to (1) map the DIAMONDS dimensions into the workplace and (2) examine the relationships between the DIAMONDS dimensions and other measures of work contexts ...
Show moreJust as people can be described by traits, situations can be described by the “Situational Eight” DIAMONDS (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, Sociality) (Rauthmann et al., 2014). Based upon the common occurrence of situations in combinations unique to different occupations the current study sets out to (1) map the DIAMONDS dimensions into the workplace and (2) examine the relationships between the DIAMONDS dimensions and other measures of work contexts (Skill, Abilities, Knowledge, etc.). Through the use of a modified version of the S8* (Rauthmann & Sherman, 2014), the DIAMONDS dimensions were correlated with scored responses of either individuals in the profession, or professional experts, on important worker characteristics and occupational requirements for 954 individually identified occupations (n = 954) compiled by O*NET (National Center for O*NET Development, 2016).
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004913
Subject Headings: Social psychology., Personality assessment., Personality and occupation., Career development--Psychological aspects., Occupations--Psychological aspects.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The directionality of person-situation transactions: Spill-over effects among and between situation experiences and personality states.
Creator: Cooper, Ashley Bell, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: To elucidate temporal sequences among and between person and situation variables, this work examines cross-measurement spill-overs between situation experiences S (on the Situational Eight DIAMONDS characteristics) and personality states P (on the Big Six HEXACO) in experience sampling data in two studies. Multilevel modeling of lagged data at tn-1 and non-lagged data at tn grants the opportunity to examine (a) the stability (P --> P, S --> S), (b) cross-sectional associations (S P), and (c)...
Show moreTo elucidate temporal sequences among and between person and situation variables, this work examines cross-measurement spill-overs between situation experiences S (on the Situational Eight DIAMONDS characteristics) and personality states P (on the Big Six HEXACO) in experience sampling data in two studies. Multilevel modeling of lagged data at tn-1 and non-lagged data at tn grants the opportunity to examine (a) the stability (P --> P, S --> S), (b) cross-sectional associations (S <--> P), and (c) cross-lagged associations among and between situation experiences and personality states (S --> P, P --> S).
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004933
Subject Headings: Interpersonal relations., Conduct of life., Personality assessment., Social psychology., Environmental psychology., Impression formation (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Personality assessment. (4)	+ -
Social psychology. (3)	+ -
Conduct of life. (2)	+ -
Impression formation (Psychology) (2)	+ -
Motivation (Psychology) (2)	+ -

Personality and situation. (2)	+ -
Academic achievement. (1)	+ -
Adjustment (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Career development--Psychological aspects. (1)	+ -
College students -- Mental health services (1)	+ -
Communication in organizations. (1)	+ -
Consciousness (1)	+ -
Counseling psychology (1)	+ -
Counseling psychology Mind and body (1)	+ -
Discourse analysis, Narrative (1)	+ -
Discourse analysis, Narrative. (1)	+ -
Environmental psychology. (1)	+ -
Ethnopsychology (1)	+ -
Ethnopsychology. (1)	+ -
Human behavior. (1)	+ -
Interbehavioral psychology. (1)	+ -
Interpersonal relations. (1)	+ -
Mass media--Social aspects. (1)	+ -
Mindfulness -- Religious aspects (1)	+ -
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (1)	+ -
Narcissism--Psychology. (1)	+ -
Occupations--Psychological aspects. (1)	+ -
Performance--Psychological aspects. (1)	+ -
Personality and academic achievement. (1)	+ -
Personality and occupation. (1)	+ -

Department of Psychology (10)	+ -
Florida Atlantic University (9)	+ -
Serfass, David G. (2)	+ -
Bell, Steven (1)	+ -
Brown, Nicolas A (1)	+ -

Cooper, Ashley Bell (1)	+ -
Frascona, Richard (1)	+ -
Hojecki, Kimberly (1)	+ -
Jones, Ashley Bell (1)	+ -
Nowak, Andrzej (1)	+ -
Ramos, Jamie Zahava (1)	+ -
Stiksma, Melissa (1)	+ -

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