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Contrast Effects as a Function of Differential Preadaptation
Title
Contrast Effects as a Function of Differential Preadaptation.
Creator
Henke, Peter G., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous reinforcement to a postadaptation stimulus of 236.90 apparent foot-candles. Measurement in terms of bar pressing indicated that the four groups extinguished differentially over six days. The control group, for whom the discrepancy bwtween preadaptation magnitude and postadaptation stimulus remained zero, was found most resistant to extiction during this period. Additionally, increases in the discrepancy between the pre- and postadaptation magnitudes led to experimental groups. The implications of these data for the proposition of stimulus definitions in terms of behaviorally effective magnitudes were discussed.
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Date Issued
1967
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012588
Subject Headings
Adaptability (Psychology), Extinction (Psychology), Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load
Title
Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load.
Creator
Gunn, Diana H., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated...
Show moreThe observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated in a simllar manner. Following shifts in the amount of effort required to produce a constant reward magnitude, performance measures demonstrated positive and negative contrast effects (PCE; NCE) in relation to an appropriate control performance. Data analysis suggested that the combined effects of greater effort and shift conditions tended to increase resistance to extinction. The findings are not consistent Kith traditional (e. g., Hull, Spence) concepts with regard to CE and the influence of effort on performance. It is suggested that such effects are more consistent with a contextual, or frame-of- reference, viewpoint.
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Date Issued
1967
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012587
Subject Headings
Performance, Reinforcement (Psychology), Reward (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition
Title
Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition.
Creator
Royal, Jackson W., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Ten male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing...
Show moreTen male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing for transposttlon wtth non-reinforced trials, contrary to the usual method, a tendency toward converging measures of transposltton was achteved. Transposition for Group 8-D, In the situation most dissimilar to training, was greater than for 8-C. These results were discussed from relational or Gestalt, Spence model, and Adaptation Level positions and It was shown that the results are contrary to traditional Gestalt predictions. It was oredlcted that, according to underlying assumptions of the Spence model, with continued non-reinforced trials, per cent of transposition for both groups would decrease until a chance level of responding was reached. That this did not occur cannot be explained by the Spence model. Because the variability was too great with such a small N, these results did not reach the .05 level of probability.
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Date Issued
1968
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012596
Subject Headings
Transfer of training, Discrimination learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)