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Title: The “morning glory” project: A Papua New Guinea-Queensland Australia undersea freshwater pipeline.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Cathcart, Richard B.
Abstract/Description: Australia’s so-called ‘‘Dead Heart,’’ its hot arid interior landscape, can be brought into irrigated agricultural production with the importation of extracontinental freshwater supplies originating in Papua New Guinea. Despite Queensland’s La Nina-caused historic and costly 2010 to 2011 river flooding induced, in great part by tropical cyclone Yasi, its westernmost torrid region is classed as arid, currently almost without any irrigation agriculture present. Freshwater importation from Papua...
Show moreAustralia’s so-called ‘‘Dead Heart,’’ its hot arid interior landscape, can be brought into irrigated agricultural production with the importation of extracontinental freshwater supplies originating in Papua New Guinea. Despite Queensland’s La Nina-caused historic and costly 2010 to 2011 river flooding induced, in great part by tropical cyclone Yasi, its westernmost torrid region is classed as arid, currently almost without any irrigation agriculture present. Freshwater importation from Papua New Guinea’s Fly River via an undersea pipeline mostly skirting the Torres Strait could increase the value of Queensland’s little-used dryland Outback and, perhaps, establish new overseas markets in Asia for exported agricultural products. An induced perennial Diamantina River could replenish groundwater recharge regions (Great Artesian Basin) and convert Lake Eyre to a permanent lake of slightly brackish water. Irrigated eucalyptus tree plantations might serve, in part, to counter some Earthly global warming. The Torres Strait Islanders will benefit economically as well as other social groups on the mainland of Papua New Guinea. Here we examine closely some of the technical aspects of a Papua New Guinea-Queensland (PNG-QLD) Undersea Freshwater Pipeline Macroproject (UFPM) installation. We offer a choice of two routings for the PNG-QLD UFPM (Case A) while at the same time making clear our informed preference.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174004
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: From Trieste to Kotor.
Creator: Charlier, Roger H., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
Abstract/Description: The Dalmatian coast has been described by an occasional poet as the site where chalk and sea meet. If in frequent political turmoil, it also has shown to be equally an area of frequent geomorphologic events. The riparian countries have been trying, with some success, to make a tourism trump of what Emmanuel de Martonne appropriately labelled une côte morcelée. The paper focuses on the region’s significance as a geomorphology “textbook”.
Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3172988
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpretation of Seafloor Topologies Based on IKONOS Satellite Imagery of a Shallow-Marine Carbonate Platform: Florida Bay to the Florida Reef Tract.
Creator: Steimle, J.T., Finkl, Jr., Charles W.
Abstract/Description: The shallow low-energy waters of the extensive coastal zone in sub-tropical south Florida permits the discrimination of seabed features and benthic covers acquired from remotely sensed data. A benthic environments classification system is devised from digital interpretations of multi-spectral IKONOS satellite imagery for 1,360 km2 of the carbonate platform and presented in a comprehensive digitized map. The classification scheme is designed as a 7th order hierarchical structure that...
Show moreThe shallow low-energy waters of the extensive coastal zone in sub-tropical south Florida permits the discrimination of seabed features and benthic covers acquired from remotely sensed data. A benthic environments classification system is devised from digital interpretations of multi-spectral IKONOS satellite imagery for 1,360 km2 of the carbonate platform and presented in a comprehensive digitized map. The classification scheme is designed as a 7th order hierarchical structure that integrates 5 Physiographic Realms, 17 Morphodynamic Zones, 11 Geoforms, 38 Landforms, 6 dominant surface sediment types, 9 dominant biological covers and 3 densities of biological covers for the description of benthic environments. Digital analysis of the high-resolution (4 m) IKONOS imagery employed ESRI’s ArcMap to manually digitize 412 mapping units at a scale of 1:6,000. Digital classification of environments is executed by the analyst contingent with the grouping of relative spectral reflectance, color tone variations, and the texture and pattern of the benthic unit. The mapping area incorporates a large diversity of geomorphic forms that range from coastal plains in the southern Florida Peninsula to coral reef formations along the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). The context of each Morphodynamic Zone is characterized by the content and areal distribution (in km2) of geomorphic forms and biological covers. Florida Bay is the most widely distributed Realm and is largely characterized by polygonal lattices of salient sediment banks and sediment flats. Over 58% of the mapping area is occupied by sediment flats, and seagrasses are colonized in almost 80% of the topologies.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000370
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpretation of bottom types from IKONOS satellite images of the Southern Key West National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Vollmer, Heather
Abstract/Description: Remote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County,...
Show moreRemote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County, Florida (between Key West, Florida, and the Dry Tortugas) resulted in 96 mapping units. The natural complexity of this environment required classification units that were defined by numeric codes that were keyed to a classification system developed for this area. These units, defined in a stepwise procedure, were predicated on the geomorphologic base, context of the geomorphological zone, biological cover, and percentage of that cover. The GIS attribute table, built with a multi-discipline interpretation in mind, was constructed to allow end user flexibility when extracting the information related to major biological cover, detailed geological cover, etc. Suffixes were added to further interpret areas with diverse biological cover. The IKONOS satellite images were found to be useful tools for mapping coastal marine environments at a nominal scale of 1:6000.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174399
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: North Sea's capricious anthropocenic shores.
Creator: Charlier, Roger H., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
Abstract/Description: The large North Pacific bivalve mollusk index-fossil Fortipecten hallae (Dall, 1921) is present in a well-dated stratigraphic section of the Milky River Formation, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska. Co-occurring marine diatoms belong to the upper part of the subzone B of the Neodenticula kamtschatica diatom zone of the North Pacific diatom chronostratigraphy, with an age range of 4.8–5.1 Ma (early Pliocene). Based on coeval occurrences in northeastern Kamchatka, Russia, and synchronous...
Show moreThe large North Pacific bivalve mollusk index-fossil Fortipecten hallae (Dall, 1921) is present in a well-dated stratigraphic section of the Milky River Formation, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska. Co-occurring marine diatoms belong to the upper part of the subzone B of the Neodenticula kamtschatica diatom zone of the North Pacific diatom chronostratigraphy, with an age range of 4.8–5.1 Ma (early Pliocene). Based on coeval occurrences in northeastern Kamchatka, Russia, and synchronous changes in the two molluscan assemblages, F. hallae is a useful indicator of early Pliocene climatic warming along the high latitude North Pacific margin.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174138
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Antarctica-to-Western Australia Liquid Freshwater Shipments Using Stauber Bags in a Paternoster-Like Transfer System: Inaugurating a Southern Ocean Antidrought Action Sea-Lane.
Creator: Richard B. Cathcart, Charles W. Finkl, Viorel Badescu
Abstract/Description: Australia is one of the driest continents on earth with most interior lands classified as steppe or desert. With an expanding coastal population pushing farther inland, the need for freshwater increases for urban use, agriculture, and industry and because there is little freshwater at the surface and most of the groundwater is too saline and generally unsuitable for multiple uses, new sources of freshwater must be sought to sustain future development of Western Australia’s interior. To...
Show moreAustralia is one of the driest continents on earth with most interior lands classified as steppe or desert. With an expanding coastal population pushing farther inland, the need for freshwater increases for urban use, agriculture, and industry and because there is little freshwater at the surface and most of the groundwater is too saline and generally unsuitable for multiple uses, new sources of freshwater must be sought to sustain future development of Western Australia’s interior. To mitigate this ongoing macroproblem, it is proposed to establish a new Southern Ocean maritime sea-lane between Antarctica and Western Australia with the first large-scale deployment of very capacious floating liquid freshwater containers (Stauber bags), barges hauled and shuttled regularly by carousel-type supertugboats to convey a directly acquired, essentially cost-free, bulk-harvested potable subglacial Antarctic meltwater possibly siphoned from beneath the floating Amery Ice Shelf and transported to Western Australia. Access of the floating liquid freshwater containers to Perth, the capital city, would be up-slope the offshore Perth Canyon to the continental shelf. Stored containers could lay off in the lee of Rottnest Island at the Perth Terminal. From there, freshwater could be transported to wherever needed in coastal rural and urban Western Australia. On land, Pecero self-rolling bags could be used to distribute all imported freshwater farther inland and serve also as stationary (parked) reservoirs. Stock watering, farm irrigation, and drinking water as well as mineral mine, petroleum refinery, and sewage treatment processing are likely additional income-producing consumptive users. Both bulk long-distance conveyance and long-term storage on land by such means will naturally reduce the present-day stress on Western Australia’s domestic water supplies, storage, and delivery systems that are limited by regional climates with long-term seasonal dryness. Freshwater imported would absolutely reduce freshwater stress on Western Australia’s excessively exploited rivers and excessively mined aquifers.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000506
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Belgica’s antarctic toponymic legacy.
Creator: Charlier, Roger H., Chaineux, Marie-Claire P., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
Abstract/Description: It might be argued that this paper does not sensu stricto contribute to ‘‘polar science.’’ It, however, rekindles aspects of its history and of that of both oceanography and cartography. Obviously the interest for the polar regions was keen in the 19th century and elicited financial support. The paper may lift anew the veil that has somewhat dimmed the light that should shine on polar science achievements of Belgian explorers and scientists. Knowledge of the names of geographic features in...
Show moreIt might be argued that this paper does not sensu stricto contribute to ‘‘polar science.’’ It, however, rekindles aspects of its history and of that of both oceanography and cartography. Obviously the interest for the polar regions was keen in the 19th century and elicited financial support. The paper may lift anew the veil that has somewhat dimmed the light that should shine on polar science achievements of Belgian explorers and scientists. Knowledge of the names of geographic features in the Antarctic is probably less widespread, and yet, there are many Belgian names on and near the southernmost continent. Most names were given by the head of the first-ever Antarctic expedition to spend a winter on the southernmost continent. Belgian Royal Navy Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery’s expedition in the Antarctic brought back a wealth of scientific information. His trip ended precisely 111 years ago, and has been—literally—carved in stone as the Belgica is indeed one of the 20 oceanographic vessels Prince Albert I of Monaco selected to be represented on the faccade of the Museee Oceanographique de Monaco.
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Date Issued: 2010-11
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3173998
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Shelf geomorphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic continental platform: barrier coral reefs, nearshore bedrock, and morphosedimentary features.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Andrews, Jeffrey L.
Abstract/Description: Differentiation of continental shelf morphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic coast was based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry. The 600-km2 shelf study area, which had a shoreline extent of about 160 km and extended up to 10 km offshore, displayed a diverse range of seafloor morphologies that were characteristic of four main alongshore reaches. Reach I (sand flats and karst topography) in the northern part of the study area is terminated southward by the Bahamas Fracture...
Show moreDifferentiation of continental shelf morphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic coast was based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry. The 600-km2 shelf study area, which had a shoreline extent of about 160 km and extended up to 10 km offshore, displayed a diverse range of seafloor morphologies that were characteristic of four main alongshore reaches. Reach I (sand flats and karst topography) in the northern part of the study area is terminated southward by the Bahamas Fracture Zone, a major morphotectonic feature. Reach II (sand flats and coral reefs) is characterized by sand flats with diabathic channel fields leeward or shoreward of the Florida Reef Tract, the seaward margin of which occurs along the shelf break on the upper part of the continental slope. Reach III (sandflats, hardgrounds, and coral reefs) is characterized by extensive nearshore rock outcrops that are exposed as bare rock surfaces on the seafloor or are variously mantled by thin veneers of sand that are not thick enough to disguise the underlying rock structure. Reach IV (tidal sand flats and ridges, hardgrounds, and coral reefs) is dominated by tidal features that notably include fields of tidal sand ridges in the lee of the Florida Reef Tract. The barrier reef on the southeast Florida Atlantic coast, which transitions to Florida Keys shelf environments southward, grades northward to drowned karst topography that is overlain by sand sheets and sand waves. Tidal channels and associated bars, deltas, and shoals occur on the interface between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. This reconnaissance level characterization of continental shelf environments into morphological reaches in a geographic information system platform provides a basis for quantifying spatial distribution patterns of discrete landform units.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174200
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sediment Ridges on the West Florida Inner Continental Shelf: Sand Resources for Beach Nourishment.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Benedet, Lindono, Andrews, Jeffrey L., Suthard, Beau, Locker, Stanley D.
Abstract/Description: Beach nourishment requires large volumes of sand from offshore and new sources are constantly sought for development. The sediment-starved continental shelf off the central-west coast of Florida has traditionally supplied beachquality sediments from ebb-tidal shoals and nearshore sand sheets, but as these supplies dwindle, sand searches increasingly look farther offshore for resources. Widely spaced sediment ridges, interspersed by karstified limestone seafloor (hard grounds), offer potential...
Show moreBeach nourishment requires large volumes of sand from offshore and new sources are constantly sought for development. The sediment-starved continental shelf off the central-west coast of Florida has traditionally supplied beachquality sediments from ebb-tidal shoals and nearshore sand sheets, but as these supplies dwindle, sand searches increasingly look farther offshore for resources. Widely spaced sediment ridges, interspersed by karstified limestone seafloor (hard grounds), offer potential as sand resources that can be exploited by dredging to renourish eroded beaches for shore protection. The sand ridges, late Holocene in age, are generally shoreface detached, sediment starved, and clustered in ‘‘ridge fields.’’ Six sediment ridge fields identified along 285 km of coast (Anclote, Sand Key, Sarasota, Manasota, Captiva, and Collier) contain about 1.4 billion cubic meters of sediments that are potentially available for dredging. Evaluation of these sediment sources, within the purview of the USMinval Code, requires the determination of resources, reserves, and level of certainty of assessment applied to a rating of resource potential. Present research is attempting to identify the overall resource potential with an eye toward eventually determining sand volumes in reserves, which will be much less than the total sand resource volume.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000371
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Morphologic features and morphodynamic zones along the inner continental shelf of southeastern Florida: an example of form and process controlled by lithology.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Warner, Mathew T.
Abstract/Description: Submarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed...
Show moreSubmarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed by adapting methods of aerial photointerpretation to computerized onscreen digitizing. This narrow coastal zone tract (up to 500 m in width) contained coastal-marine forms developed in the local limestone bedrock and unconsolidated sediments. Hardground features included rock reefs (exposure of the local Anastasia Formation) and coral-algal reefs of the Florida Reef Tract. In addition to common types of marine platforms and benches, rock reefs and para(dia)bathic hardground stringers are described here for the first time, as are structurally controlled sandflats. Sedimentary features included bars and troughs in addition to various types of soft bottoms. The amalgamation of similar submarine morphologies into morphodynamic zones spatially delineated the impacts of coastal-marine processes during the most recent stabilization of sea-level rise during the last few thousand years of the Holocene. Analysis of the spatial distributions for the various morphological types shows distinct zonations alongshore and cross-shore in terms of the forcing hydrodynamic processes. Karst morphologies of the coastal landscape drowned by the Holocene rise in sea level configure much of the seafloor and prefigure many coastal forms. Lithology exerts a strong control over the spatial arrangement of morphological features, which are seen as repetitive occurrences of similar morphological groupings. Distinctive coastal process zones, based on principles of form and function, define the Beach Depositional Zone (BDZ), bar-and-trough Inshore Depositional Zone (lDZ), sandflat Offshore Depositional Zone (ODZ), Offshore Erosional Zone containing hardgrounds (OEZ), Parabathic Transport Blockers (PTB) comprised by inlet diabathic processes, and Diabathic Transport Blockers (DTB) containing shore-parallel barrier reefs.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174248
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Submarine geomorphology of the continental shelf off Southeast Florida based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Benedet, Lindino, Andrews, Jeffrey L.
Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174401
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Offshore exploration for sand sources: general guidelines and procedural strategies along deltaic coasts.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Khalil, Syed M.
Abstract/Description: Because of the large volumes of sand required for beach renourishment, dredging from offshore borrows is the preferred method of sediment supply. As easily accessible and previously known (obvious) deposits are exploited, apparent sand reserves are seen as a dwindling resource that becomes more precious over time. Because economically exploitable offshore sand sources are limited in many regions, renewed efforts are underway to locate additional offshore sand sources that can supply sand and...
Show moreBecause of the large volumes of sand required for beach renourishment, dredging from offshore borrows is the preferred method of sediment supply. As easily accessible and previously known (obvious) deposits are exploited, apparent sand reserves are seen as a dwindling resource that becomes more precious over time. Because economically exploitable offshore sand sources are limited in many regions, renewed efforts are underway to locate additional offshore sand sources that can supply sand and mixed sediments (sand, silt, and clay) to barrier-island restoration efforts in Louisiana. Sediment volumes required for beach renourishment and marsh restoration are variously estimated on the basis of numerous assumptions to range in the extreme from 14 X 106 m3 to 71 X 106 m3, respectively, for one complete restoration of the entire barrier island chains. Although estimates of required volumes are controversial, significant new borrow sites must be located on the continental shelf off Louisiana to restore the barrier islands. The search for new sand sources must be focused on logistical procedures that are economical and efficient in order to cover large areas of the shelf in a timely manner. Sand search protocols developed for US East Coast sedimentary environments are broadly applicable in a conceptual sense but need to be adapted to deltaic coastal frameworks in Louisiana. Procedures and protocols for the Delta Sand Search Model (DSSM) are thus based on bathymetric, geophysical, and geotechnical survey recommendations for the identification of targets that will be proven out by detailed studies and cultural resource investigations. Development of a DSSM has advantage because it is specifically adapted to coastal marine morphosedimentary units in different-aged lobes of the Mississippi Delta that have fine-grained (muddy) deposits interspersed by sandy deposits of paleodistributaries and interdistributaries.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174197
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Regional strategies for coastal restoration along Louisiana barrier islands.
Creator: Campbell, Thomas, Benedet, Lindino, Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: This paper reviews physical, geologic and environmental parameters of Louisiana barrier islands to support the definition of regional strategies and management practices for long-term coastal restoration. For management purposes the barrier island systems of Louisiana are divided into a series of coastal segments to be maintained over the long term. Recommendations are drawn for each coastal segment on the basis of biophysical properties. Two separate design approaches for barrier island...
Show moreThis paper reviews physical, geologic and environmental parameters of Louisiana barrier islands to support the definition of regional strategies and management practices for long-term coastal restoration. For management purposes the barrier island systems of Louisiana are divided into a series of coastal segments to be maintained over the long term. Recommendations are drawn for each coastal segment on the basis of biophysical properties. Two separate design approaches for barrier island restoration are elucidated (stable location design and retreat design) including sediment volume requirements for the restoration of specific barrier islands. In order to maintain long-term stability, intensive restoration programs require barrier island nourishment, vegetative plantings, and coastal structures in some cases. Restoration strategies, practices, and design approaches are refined by employing monitoring data in an adaptive management process.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174198
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Regional strategies for coastal restoration along the Louisiana Chenier plain.
Creator: Campbell, Thomas, Benedet, Lindino, Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: In this paper, we review physical, geological, and environmental parameters of the Louisiana Chenier Plain to support the definition of regional strategies and management practices for long-term coastal restoration along this coastal segment. For management purposes, the Chenier Plain of Louisiana is divided into three main coastal segments that could be maintained over the long term. Recommendations are drawn for each coastal segment on the basis of bio physical properties. Approximate...
Show moreIn this paper, we review physical, geological, and environmental parameters of the Louisiana Chenier Plain to support the definition of regional strategies and management practices for long-term coastal restoration along this coastal segment. For management purposes, the Chenier Plain of Louisiana is divided into three main coastal segments that could be maintained over the long term. Recommendations are drawn for each coastal segment on the basis of bio physical properties. Approximate volumetric requirements for coastal restoration based on historical rates of shoreline change are presented. Discussions of potential sand resources are based on data published in the professional literature. Compared with the Louisiana barrier islands, the Chenier Plain is less well known; consequently, there is significantly less data related to shoreline change, sedimentology, beach profiles, and large-scale geomorphological evolution. Future restoration projects in this coastal region must direct attention toward obtaining essential coastal data that is lacking for many coastal segments along the Louisiana Chenier Plain.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174001
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpretation of seabed geomorphology based on spatial analysis of high-density airborne laser bathymetry.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Benedet, Lindino, Andrews, Jeffrey L.
Abstract/Description: Airborne laser bathymetric (ALB) systems rapidly acquire large, high-quality datasets via variable swath widths that are independent of water depth. Laser bathymetric survey tools have applicability in clear coastal (Case II) waters down to 270 meters depth. Deployed along the southeast Florida (Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade Counties)coast, an advanced ALB system provided a continuous dataset for 160 kilometers of coast from onshore to 6 kilometers offshore. Digital terrain models...
Show moreAirborne laser bathymetric (ALB) systems rapidly acquire large, high-quality datasets via variable swath widths that are independent of water depth. Laser bathymetric survey tools have applicability in clear coastal (Case II) waters down to 270 meters depth. Deployed along the southeast Florida (Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade Counties)coast, an advanced ALB system provided a continuous dataset for 160 kilometers of coast from onshore to 6 kilometers offshore. Digital terrain models developed from this high-density bathymetric data permitted recognition of numerous seafloor features and bathymetric patterns from different image formats. Bathymetric analysis of the 600-km2 survey area on the narrow continental shelf shows inherited lithologic features that are partly covered by surficial sediments. Primary parabathic provinces include: (1) nearshore rocky zones dominated by the Anastasia Formation, (2) coralalgalreef systems (Florida Reef Tract [FRT]), and (3) marine terraces. Secondary sedimentary subprovinces include shoreface sands, inter-reefal sedimentary infills (coral rubble in basal sequences and near reef gaps), and finer-grained materials seaward of the FRT. Tertiary topographic features include: (1) longshore bar and trough systems, shoals, sand sheets, and diabathic channels; (2) reef crests and ledges, forereef spurs and grooves, sediment ramps in large reef gaps, and incised paleo-river channels; and (3) drowned karst topography. Hierarchical organization of these bathymetric features is now possible for the first time because of the increased accuracy and density of bathymetric data obtained by ALB systems.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174249
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coupling geological concepts with historical data sets in a MIS framework to prospect for beach-compatible sands on the inner continental shelf: experience on the eastern Texas gulf coast.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Andrews, Jeffrey L., Campbell, Thomas J., Benedet, Lindino, Waters, Jeffrey P.
Abstract/Description: Chronic erosion of beaches along the eastern Texas barrier island coast is increasingly mitigated by renourishment efforts that periodically place large volumes of sand onshore. Location of beach-quality sands on the inner continental shelf is challenged in an environment where terrestrial rivers deposit fluvial sediments in back bays and lagoons instead of offshore and by shelf areas that are dominated by muds. The search for beach-quality sands thus requires understanding of the coastal...
Show moreChronic erosion of beaches along the eastern Texas barrier island coast is increasingly mitigated by renourishment efforts that periodically place large volumes of sand onshore. Location of beach-quality sands on the inner continental shelf is challenged in an environment where terrestrial rivers deposit fluvial sediments in back bays and lagoons instead of offshore and by shelf areas that are dominated by muds. The search for beach-quality sands thus requires understanding of the coastal geological framework and morphodynamic processes that accompanied late Quaternary evolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The occurrence of surficial sand deposits as positive bathymetric features on the seafloor (ridges, shoals, banks) and presence of sands buried in paleovalley (drowned channels) infill sequences makes for complicated search procedures that must accurately differentiate a range of sedimentary settings by geophysical and geotechnical surveys. Compilation of vast amounts of data from historical core logs and newly acquired information in a marine information system (MIS) permits spatial analyses in a format that is compatible with development of a sand search model. The resulting differentiated investigative sand-search methods, that comprise part of the Texas Sand Search Model (TSSM), are able to target potential borrow areas in ebb-tidal shoals, low-relief ridge deposits, high-relief banks, and in mud-covered paleovalley sequences.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174246
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal classification: systematic approaches to consider in the development of a comprehensive scheme.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: Many different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability...
Show moreMany different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability of information, especially digital formats in GIS frameworks, integrated and systematic approaches to coastal classification are favored. The complex demands of today require sophisticated solutions to overlapping and interrelated problems in the littoral, as facilitated by organization of biophysical parameters into a coherent whole or universal scheme. The developmental approach to a new comprehensive classification system is thus proposed for the coastal fringe, a swath zone 5 to 10 km wide across the shoreline, which incorporates all important parameters necessary to categorize geomorphic units that can be mapped at meaningful scales. Consideration of coastal geomorphological properties are the theme of this approximation toward a modern taxonomic system where morphostructures are the unifying links that facilitate transition from one hierarchical level to another. The proposed approach employs differentiating criteria for hard rock (automorphic) and soft rock (allomorphic) coasts which are divided by chronometric parameters related to the antiquity of littoral landforms. Other levels of primary differentia include geodynamic-climatomorphogenic process zones, relief types (morphoregions), morphogenetic relief features, and relief elements and genetically homogeneous surfaces. Morphotypes are lower level taxons that provide examples of ingressional, egressional, and complex process-forms. The proposal for a unified system requires testing in the field and mapping at myriametric scales to update subsequent approximations.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174405
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Environmental impacts of coastal-plain activities on sandy beach systems: Hazards, perception and mitigation.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Krupa, Steve L.
Abstract/Description: Managed sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge...
Show moreManaged sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) laden with nutrients from agro-urban activities on adjacent coastal plains, are pervasive processes of environmental degradation that occur so gradually that sequential impacts escape public attention. The contribution of SGDs to the coastal hydrologie regime is occasionally recognized in association with crescendo events associated with marine algal blooms that degrade water quality, bottom habitats, and coral reef ecology. Because the real dangers of SGD are probably unknown at this time, it is essential to initiate seepage meter studies of the already known high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that are discharged to beach and nearshore environments. Locations of some of the larger submarine freshwater springs along the southeast Florida inner continental shelf are generally known, although volumes of flow have historically been reduced by reduction of head on the coastal, plain. Submarine groundwater provides, on a continual basis, the most direct nutrient linkage to nearshore environments. The insidious nature of the problem requires specialized detection techniques that incorporate site inspection of rock outcrop and reef morphology (for submarine springs and seeps), satellite and airborne remote sensing (coastal morphology, turbidity plumes), physical seepage measurement in situ, monitoring wells, and mini-piezometers to measure hydraulic flow.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174002
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sustainability of subtropical coastal zones in southwestern Florida: challenges for urbanized coastal environments threatened by development, pollution, water supply, and storm hazards.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Charlier, R. H.
Abstract/Description: The subtropical Atlantic coastal zone of southeastern Florida supports nearly 7 million inhabitants on a coastal plain conurbation that stretches from West Palm Beach to Miami. About a quarter of the present population originally settled on higher topography along the shore-parallel Atlantic Coastal Ridge. From about the middle 1900s, however, urbanization intensified along the shore and spread westward into freshwater marshlands. Population densities approaching 2500 persons per km-2 along...
Show moreThe subtropical Atlantic coastal zone of southeastern Florida supports nearly 7 million inhabitants on a coastal plain conurbation that stretches from West Palm Beach to Miami. About a quarter of the present population originally settled on higher topography along the shore-parallel Atlantic Coastal Ridge. From about the middle 1900s, however, urbanization intensified along the shore and spread westward into freshwater marshlands. Population densities approaching 2500 persons per km-2 along some coastal sectors and dredge and fill operations to create urban land in western marshes degraded coastal environments bringing in question sustainability. Efforts to maintain environmental integrity initially focused on shore protection first via "hard" engineering works, which later on included massive beach renourishment projects along developed coasts subject to critical erosion. Marine algal blooms, led to eutrophication, degraded coastal water quality, and deterioration of coral reefs indicate environmental problems at least as serious as beach erosion. Recognition of a potential eco-catastrophe, collapse of entire marine and coastal wetland ecosystems in southern Florida, led turn to the Everglades Restoration Project, the largest single environmental recovery effort in the world. Cleanup of terrestrial systems is essential to sustainability of marine ecosystems now jeopardized by nutrient loading.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174203
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal and port engineering: synergistic disciplines from the overarching purview of integrated coastal management.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: The principle objectives of maritime engineering fall broadly into two classifications: (1) transportation, and (2) reclamation and conservancy.
Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174403
Format: Document (PDF)

Finkl, Charles W. (34)	+ -
Benedet, Lindino (9)	+ -
Andrews, Jeffrey L. (7)	+ -
Khalil, Syed M. (4)	+ -
Charlier, Roger H. (3)	+ -

Thys, Alexandre C. (3)	+ -
Campbell, Thomas (2)	+ -
Charles W. Finkl (2)	+ -
Hartog, W. M. (2)	+ -
Achatz, V. (1)	+ -
Becerra, J. E. (1)	+ -
Benedet, Lindono (1)	+ -
Bruun, Per (1)	+ -
Campbell, Thomas J. (1)	+ -
Cathcart, Richard B. (1)	+ -
Chaineux, Marie-Claire P. (1)	+ -
Charlier, R. H. (1)	+ -
Finkl Jr., Charles W. (1)	+ -
Finkl, Jr., Charles W. (1)	+ -
Keehn, S. (1)	+ -
Klein, A. H. F. (1)	+ -
Krupa, Steve L. (1)	+ -
Locker, Stanley D. (1)	+ -
Makowski, Christopher (1)	+ -
Maun, M. A. (1)	+ -
Raynie, R. C. (1)	+ -
Restrepo-Coupe, N. (1)	+ -
Richard B. Cathcart (1)	+ -
Roberts, H. H. (1)	+ -
Rusenko, K. (1)	+ -

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