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- Title
- Role of Attachment Orientation in the Perception of Support Provision.
- Creator
- Yurchyshyn, Liliya, Maniaci, Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
We examined how adult attachment styles influence human perception of support provision. We invited 119 couples to the lab, where they performed an exploration task. We also used pre- and post-exploration measures, including assessing adult attachment styles and partners' perception of support provided during the task. Three independent coders watched the videos of couples interacting and rated partners' support provision behavior. We utilized West and Kenny's (2011) truth and bias model to...
Show moreWe examined how adult attachment styles influence human perception of support provision. We invited 119 couples to the lab, where they performed an exploration task. We also used pre- and post-exploration measures, including assessing adult attachment styles and partners' perception of support provided during the task. Three independent coders watched the videos of couples interacting and rated partners' support provision behavior. We utilized West and Kenny's (2011) truth and bias model to compare judgments (partners' perception of support received during the exploration task) with so-defined truth (combined rankings from coders). We used regression analysis to investigate how attachment orientation moderates the perception of support provision. On average, individuals tended to over-perceive helpfulness and under-perceive intrusiveness. Attachment avoidance was not a significant predictor of directional bias for helpfulness and intrusiveness. Results for the second exploratory hypothesis show those higher on attachment anxiety to have a weaker bias in underperceiving intrusiveness.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014039
- Subject Headings
- Attachment behavior, Bias, Perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE DETERMINANTS OF GROUPING DURING BINOCULAR RIVALRY.
- Creator
- Yoon, Yosun, Hong, Sang Wook, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Interocular grouping during binocular rivalry occurs when two images concurrently presented to two eyes are combined as a coherent pattern as if perceptual experience follows Gestalt grouping principles. The present study investigated what determines rivalry dynamics (perceptual experience of monocular stimuli and interocular grouping) by examining individual differences. Specifically, the effect of eye-of-origin and pattern coherence on percepts during rivalry were individually assessed...
Show moreInterocular grouping during binocular rivalry occurs when two images concurrently presented to two eyes are combined as a coherent pattern as if perceptual experience follows Gestalt grouping principles. The present study investigated what determines rivalry dynamics (perceptual experience of monocular stimuli and interocular grouping) by examining individual differences. Specifically, the effect of eye-of-origin and pattern coherence on percepts during rivalry were individually assessed using pairs of stimuli that induce either monocularly-driven (monocular coherence condition) or interocularly-driven (interocular coherence condition) coherent percepts. We found that the degree of perceiving complete, coherent stimuli was consistent within individuals regardless of conditions, indicating that individual differences in experiencing interocular grouping were explained by pattern coherence, rather than eye-of-origin information. In addition, we found that individuals who experience binocularly presented pattern motion more perceived interocularly-coherent stimuli more. This result suggests that a potential common mechanism may mediate binocular integration of visual information during binocular rivalry.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013815
- Subject Headings
- Binocular rivalry, Visual perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE CAUSAL ROLE OF THETA OSCILLATIONS IN THE FRONTOPARIETAL NETWORK ON COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY.
- Creator
- Yoon, Yosun, Hong, Sang Wook, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Cognitive flexibility is crucial for efficient goal-directed behavior, especially in rapidly changing environments. While recent studies have consistently shown enhanced theta power and synchronization in the frontoparietal network during flexible task-switching, direct evidence establishing a causal link between theta-rhythm brain oscillation and cognitive flexibility remains limited. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the frontoparietal network...
Show moreCognitive flexibility is crucial for efficient goal-directed behavior, especially in rapidly changing environments. While recent studies have consistently shown enhanced theta power and synchronization in the frontoparietal network during flexible task-switching, direct evidence establishing a causal link between theta-rhythm brain oscillation and cognitive flexibility remains limited. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the frontoparietal network at a theta frequency (6 Hz) with a phase difference of either 0° (inphase) or 180° (antiphase) to explore its impact on task-switching performance. The results showed no significant tACS modulation effects on switch costs or neural oscillatory synchronization in the frontoparietal network. However, a consistent negative correlation was observed between frontoparietal theta power in the early time window of cue-target interval and task switching performance, implying the close relationship between proactive control in task switching and frontoparietal theta activities.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2023
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014340
- Subject Headings
- Theta Rhythm, Cognition, Cognitive psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- PREDICTING THE FORMATION OF MUTUAL ANTIPATHIES IN PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL CLASSROOMS.
- Creator
- Yoho, Michael, Laursen, Brett, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Enemy relationships play an important role in shaping identity, adjustment, and group cohesion. However, little is known about the causes of enemy relationships. The current study identified the role of individual and dyadic attributes in the formation of new mutual antipathies in primary and middle school children (N=372). Participants completed identical surveys at three time points during a single school year. Self-reports described children’s conduct problems and emotional problems. Peer...
Show moreEnemy relationships play an important role in shaping identity, adjustment, and group cohesion. However, little is known about the causes of enemy relationships. The current study identified the role of individual and dyadic attributes in the formation of new mutual antipathies in primary and middle school children (N=372). Participants completed identical surveys at three time points during a single school year. Self-reports described children’s conduct problems and emotional problems. Peer nominations measured children’s popularity, academic achievement, athleticism, and acceptance. The results indicated that enemy formation was driven by undesirable traits at both the individual and dyadic levels. At the individual level, lower academic achievement and higher conduct problems increased the odds of enemy formation. At the dyadic level, similarities between peers on conduct problems and emotional problems increased the odds of enemy formation. The findings, together with previous studies on the consequences of participation in enemy relationships, suggest that problems from enemy relationships contribute to the formation of new enemy relationships.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014090
- Subject Headings
- Antipathy, Aversion, Interpersonal relations, School children, Enemies
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- EFFECTS OF OPTOGENETICALLY STIMULATING THE REUNIENS NUCLEUS DURING SLEEP IN A NOVEL ATTENTIONAL SET-SHIFTING TASK.
- Creator
- Yarden, Ori Simon, Varela, Carmen, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Sparse thalamocortical cell population synchronicity during sleep spindle oscillations has been hypothesized to promote the integration of hippocampal memory information into associated neocortical representations 1. We asked the question of whether sparse or rhythmic activity in thalamocortical cells of the reuniens nucleus influence memory consolidation and cognitive flexibility during learning after sleep. For this study, I designed a novel attentional set-shifting task and incorporated...
Show moreSparse thalamocortical cell population synchronicity during sleep spindle oscillations has been hypothesized to promote the integration of hippocampal memory information into associated neocortical representations 1. We asked the question of whether sparse or rhythmic activity in thalamocortical cells of the reuniens nucleus influence memory consolidation and cognitive flexibility during learning after sleep. For this study, I designed a novel attentional set-shifting task and incorporated optogenetics with closed-loop stimulation in sleeping rats to investigate the effects of sparse (nonrhythmic) or rhythmic spindle-like (~10Hz) activity in thalamic cells of the reuniens nucleus on learning and cognitive flexibility. We show that, as predicted, post-sleep setshifting performance improved after sleep with non-rhythmic optogenetic stimulation in the thalamic nucleus reuniens relative to rhythmic optogenetic stimulation. While both non-rhythmic and rhythmic optogenetic stimulation led to an increase in perseverative errors, only non-rhythmic optogenetic stimulation showed effects of learning from errors, which correlated with sleep, and which ultimately had a net benefit in set-shifting performance compared to rhythmic optogenetic stimulation and the control group.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013632
- Subject Headings
- Optogenetics, Thalamic Nuclei, Sleep, Learning
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- OPTOGENETICALLY DISRUPTING THE THALAMIC SPINDLE OSCILLATION DURING SLEEP IMPAIRS COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY.
- Creator
- Yarden, Ori Simon, Varela, Carmen, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
A hypothesized model of spindle organization of thalamic and hippocampal spike dynamics (Figure 1) suggests that sparsity operates in spindles as an essential component of thalamic activity that could be contributing to flexibility in learning (Varela & Wilson, 2020). We asked the question of whether sparse spindle-like (10Hz non-rhythmic) or 10Hz rhythmic activity in thalamic cells of the reuniens nucleus influence cognitive flexibility during learning after sleep. By comparing the two...
Show moreA hypothesized model of spindle organization of thalamic and hippocampal spike dynamics (Figure 1) suggests that sparsity operates in spindles as an essential component of thalamic activity that could be contributing to flexibility in learning (Varela & Wilson, 2020). We asked the question of whether sparse spindle-like (10Hz non-rhythmic) or 10Hz rhythmic activity in thalamic cells of the reuniens nucleus influence cognitive flexibility during learning after sleep. By comparing the two stimulation protocols (“nonrhythmic” and “rhythmic”), we tested if disrupting the characteristic sparsity reveals any changes in flexibility during learning after sleep. Results showed that sleep accompanied 10Hz rhythmic optogenetic stimulation of thalamic nucleus reuniens impaired rule-switching (or set-shifting) performance and disrupted the sleep enhancing rule-switch associated increase in vicarious trial and error (VTE), which we used as a metric for deliberation. We found that rule-switching was associated with a subsequent increase in VTE, as were incorrect choices, and when rats subsequently made correct choices. Instead, stimulating against the endogenous thalamocortical spindle oscillation (i.e. sleep accompanied 10Hz rhythmic optogenetic stimulation) resulted in a significant disruption in post-sleep performance and VTE during, but not prior to, rule-switching. Lastly, optogenetic 10Hz stimulation of the thalamic nucleus reuniens did not affect sleeping or waking behavior during the sleep box session but it did show a clear though nonsignificant increase in waking head velocities; thus, changes in cognitive flexibility and VTE cannot be explained by any changes in sleep itself, but rather due to the after-effects the specific patterns of 10Hz optogenetic stimulation in thalamic nucleus reuniens applied during sleep had on cognition.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2023
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014275
- Subject Headings
- Optogenetics, Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Sleep
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Neuroplasticity and the developing brain: the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation on school-aged children.
- Creator
- Worch, Sarah M., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Many studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after...
Show moreMany studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after 10 weeks for the control group. Measures of affect, behavioral motivation, creativity, and depression were also administered. The primary findings indicated that when improvement in depressive symptoms occurred for 4th-grade students who were somewhat engaged in meditation practice, left-sided frontal EEG activity was also more prominent. Additionally, 4th-grade students who actively participated in meditation practice experienced decreases in self-reported levels of negative affect. Results suggest that mindfulness meditation is beneficial for improving 4th-grade students’ mood and brain regions associated with mood.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238
- Subject Headings
- Brain -- Physiological aspects, Cognition in children, Mind and body, Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Psychophysiology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- COMPARISON OF CLASSIFYING HUMAN ACTIONS FROM BIOLOGICAL MOTION WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.
- Creator
- Wong, Rachel, Barenholtz, Elan, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
The ability to recognize human actions is essential for individuals to navigate through their daily life. Biological motion is the primary mechanism people use to recognize actions quickly and efficiently, but their precision can vary. The development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of accomplishing common human tasks, including action recognition. However, the performance of ANNs in action recognition depends on the type of...
Show moreThe ability to recognize human actions is essential for individuals to navigate through their daily life. Biological motion is the primary mechanism people use to recognize actions quickly and efficiently, but their precision can vary. The development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of accomplishing common human tasks, including action recognition. However, the performance of ANNs in action recognition depends on the type of model used. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of ANNs in action classification by incorporating biological motion information into the input conditions. The study used the UCF Crime dataset, a dataset containing surveillance videos of normal and criminal activity, and extracted biological motion information with OpenPose, a pose estimation ANN. OpenPose adjusted to create four condition types using the biological motion information (image-only, image with biological motion, only biological motion, and coordinates only) and used either a 3-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) or a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to classify the actions. Overall, the study found that including biological motion information in the input conditions led to higher accuracy regardless of the number of action categories in the dataset. Moreover, the GRU model using the 'coordinates only' condition had the best accuracy out of all the action classification models. These findings suggest that incorporating biological motion into input conditions and using numerical format input data can benefit the development of accurate action classification models using ANNs.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2023
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014164
- Subject Headings
- Neural networks (Computer science), Human activity recognition, Artificial intelligence
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Daily Feedback of Self-Concept Clarity and Grit.
- Creator
- Wong, Alexander E., Vallacher, Robin R., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Self-concept clarity and grit are important constructs in the self-concept and selfregulation domains. Though distinct in their focus on identity and goal processes, self-concept clarity and grit similarly emphasize the extent to which self-views and goal-perseverance are strong, clear, consistent, and unshakeable. We hypothesized self-knowledge and goalperseverance may be mutually reinforcing given the role of self-knowledge in directing goal pursuit, and of goal pursuit in structuring the...
Show moreSelf-concept clarity and grit are important constructs in the self-concept and selfregulation domains. Though distinct in their focus on identity and goal processes, self-concept clarity and grit similarly emphasize the extent to which self-views and goal-perseverance are strong, clear, consistent, and unshakeable. We hypothesized self-knowledge and goalperseverance may be mutually reinforcing given the role of self-knowledge in directing goal pursuit, and of goal pursuit in structuring the self-concept. The present study tested this hypothesis in the form of whether self-concept clarity and grit reciprocally influence one other across time, and was conducted using a daily diary design with 97 college-aged participants across several weeks. Data were analyzed using multilevel cross-lagged panel modeling. Results indicated daily self-concept clarity and grit both had positive influences on each other across time, while controlling for their previous values. The reciprocal influences were also symmetric: self-concept clarity and grit had equally strong influences on each other. The results of the present study are the first to indicate the existence of reinforcing feedback loops between self-concept clarity and grit, and to demonstrate that fluctuations in self-knowledge trigger fluctuations in goal resolve, and vice versa. The results suggest the two are, in part, both causes and consequences of one another.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004689
- Subject Headings
- Identity (Philosophical concept), Identity (Psychology), Self actualization (Psychology), Self management (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts communion in exploratory structural equation modeling of self-narratives.
- Creator
- Wong, Alexander E., Vallacher, Robin R., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Agency and communion are fundamental dimensions underlying psychological processes. Although agency and communion are coherent dimensions, their origins, nature, stability differ across theoretical framework. Common to these frameworks are gender differences in agency and communion. The present study hypothesized that because agency and communion relate to gender, they may also relate to digit ratio. The present study is important because digit ratio may offer clues on the origins and nature...
Show moreAgency and communion are fundamental dimensions underlying psychological processes. Although agency and communion are coherent dimensions, their origins, nature, stability differ across theoretical framework. Common to these frameworks are gender differences in agency and communion. The present study hypothesized that because agency and communion relate to gender, they may also relate to digit ratio. The present study is important because digit ratio may offer clues on the origins and nature of agency and communion, and their gender differences. Agency and Communion factors were extracted from implicit linguistic measures obtained by LIWC analysis of selfnarratives. Exploratory structural equation modeling indicated communion related to digit ratio in men, and gender differences in communion. Although the results supported the distal, biological influences of communion argued by evolutionary accounts, the null finding agency was not related to digit ratio, while not directly interpretable, did not contradict socialization accounts of agency.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004237
- Subject Headings
- Embryology, Human, Fingers -- Sex differences, Human body -- Social aspects, Psychophysiology, Self actualization (Psychology), Sex differentiation
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Daily Loneliness in Young and Older Adults.
- Creator
- Wilson, Angalee, Maniaci, Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Loneliness is defined as perceived social isolation. Previous research has identified several predictors of chronic loneliness, such as poor self-reported health and living alone. However, the predictors of daily fluctuations in transient experiences of loneliness have not been closely examined. For one week, 200 participants were asked to complete a daily diary survey about their social interactions and loneliness each night. Consistent with predictions, participants reported feeling...
Show moreLoneliness is defined as perceived social isolation. Previous research has identified several predictors of chronic loneliness, such as poor self-reported health and living alone. However, the predictors of daily fluctuations in transient experiences of loneliness have not been closely examined. For one week, 200 participants were asked to complete a daily diary survey about their social interactions and loneliness each night. Consistent with predictions, participants reported feeling lonelier on days with less time interacting with others and with poorer quality social interaction. The effect of time spent interacting with others on daily loneliness was stronger for participants higher in chronic loneliness. Supplemental analyses showed that participants felt less lonely on days of the weekend and that additional hours of interaction were more effective in reducing daily loneliness for older adults than younger adults. Examining this differential response in daily loneliness to interaction quality and quantity could inform future interventions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013827
- Subject Headings
- Loneliness, Older people, Young people
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Children's perceptions of the consequences of aggression toward victimized peers.
- Creator
- Williard, Jean Carlisle, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
In Study 1, fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.5 years) were asked to estimate the likelihood that various outcomes would occur following hypothetical acts of aggression by themselves toward victimized and nonvictimized peers. Subjects were also asked to indicate how much they valued the occurrence of the outcomes. When the targets of the aggression were victimized peers, children were more likely to anticipate tangible rewards, more likely to expect signs of victim...
Show moreIn Study 1, fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.5 years) were asked to estimate the likelihood that various outcomes would occur following hypothetical acts of aggression by themselves toward victimized and nonvictimized peers. Subjects were also asked to indicate how much they valued the occurrence of the outcomes. When the targets of the aggression were victimized peers, children were more likely to anticipate tangible rewards, more likely to expect signs of victim suffering, and less likely to anticipate retaliation than when aggressing against nonvictimized peers. Also, children placed greater value on securing tangible rewards but were less concerned by the thought of hurting or by the thought of their target retaliating when attacking a victimized peer than attacking a nonvictimized peer. This pattern was stronger for boys than for girls. Study 2 was designed to see what evaluative reactions fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.3 years) would expect from themselves, from peers, and from teachers for aggression against victimized and nonvictimized peers. When contemplating aggressing against a victimized peer, children expected less disapproval from self and peers. A second purpose of Study 2 was to determine whether children were more likely to display hostile attributional bias toward victimized peers than toward nonvictimized peers. As predicted, hostile attributional bias was greater toward victimized peers than toward nonvictimized peers. Implications for theories of aggression, future areas of research, and for intervention with victimized children are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1990
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12259
- Subject Headings
- Psychology, Developmental, Psychology, Personality
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The influence of parenting practices on ethnic identity and social and academic outcomes.
- Creator
- Williams, Vickie Annette, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
The present study examined the relation between parenting practices and adolescent ethnic identity, behavior problems, and academic achievement. Four hundred and sixty-nine adolescents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parenting, ethnic identity, and social adjustment. Grades and achievement scores were obtained from participating schools. The study addressed four aims: (1) Examine the relation between parenting practices and adolescent outcomes; (2) Examine the relation...
Show moreThe present study examined the relation between parenting practices and adolescent ethnic identity, behavior problems, and academic achievement. Four hundred and sixty-nine adolescents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parenting, ethnic identity, and social adjustment. Grades and achievement scores were obtained from participating schools. The study addressed four aims: (1) Examine the relation between parenting practices and adolescent outcomes; (2) Examine the relation between parenting practices and ethnic identity; (3) Examine the relation between ethnic identity and adolescent outcomes; and (4) Explore whether these associations vary across ethnic groups. It was hypothesized that parenting practices would influence adolescent outcomes similarly regardless of ethnicity. Specifically, it was hypothesized that parental involvement, autonomy granting, and strictness/supervision would be associated with fewer behavior problems and higher school grades for African Americans, Anglo Americans, and Cuban Americans. Additionally, it was expected that parental strictness/supervision, autonomy granting, and involvement would predict ethnic identity for African Americans and Cuban Americans, but not Anglo Americans. Finally, it was expected that ethnic identity would be associated with outcomes for African Americans and Cuban Americans, but not Anglo Americans. The findings revealed that parenting practices were associated with adolescent outcomes for African Americans, Anglo Americans, and Cuban Americans. For African Americans, strict parenting was negatively related to behavior problems, but unrelated to academic achievement. Parental autonomy granting was negatively related to behavior problems. For Anglo Americans and Cuban Americans, parental strictness/supervision, autonomy granting, and involvement were negatively related to behavior problems. Parental autonomy granting and strictness/supervision were positively related to academic achievement for Anglo Americans, but unrelated to academic achievement among Cuban Americans. Parenting practices predicted ethnic identity for Cuban Americans, but not African Americans or Anglo Americans. Ethnic identity was related to behavior problems for African Americans, but it was unrelated to Cuban American and Anglo American adolescent outcomes. The findings from this study provide insight into the unique contribution of parenting practices and ethnic identity to adolescent behavior problems and academic achievement. As expected, parenting practices were associated with adolescent outcomes, and similarities rather than differences characterized these associations in the three ethnic groups. Ethnic identity was related to adolescent outcomes with variations as a function of ethnicity. A central focus of this study was to distinguish parenting practices from parenting styles. This distinction is key when attempting to identify specific parental behaviors that contribute to adolescent adaptation. Changing demographics underscore the need for continued study of how parenting practices and ethnic identity influence adaptation among adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1999
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12605
- Subject Headings
- Psychology, Social, Psychology, Developmental, Sociology, Individual and Family Studies, Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Heading in the right direction: the behavior and brain mechanisms of directional navigation.
- Creator
- Williams, Sidney Beth., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
The mechanisms that rodents employ to navigate through their environment have been greatly studied. Cognitive mapping theory suggests that animals use distal cues in the environment to navigate to a goal location (place navigation). However, others have found that animals navigate in a particular direction to find a goal (directional navigation). The rodent brain contains head direction cells (HD cells) that discharge according to the head direction of the animal. Navigation by heading...
Show moreThe mechanisms that rodents employ to navigate through their environment have been greatly studied. Cognitive mapping theory suggests that animals use distal cues in the environment to navigate to a goal location (place navigation). However, others have found that animals navigate in a particular direction to find a goal (directional navigation). The rodent brain contains head direction cells (HD cells) that discharge according to the head direction of the animal. Navigation by heading direction is disrupted by lesions of the anterodorsal thalamic nuclei (ADN), many of which are HD cells. Aim 1 tested whether male C57BL/6J mice exhibit direction or place navigation in the Morris water maze. Aim 2 tested the effects of temporary inactivation of the ADN on directional navigation. Together, these data indicate that C57BL/6J mice also exhibit preference for directional navigation and suggest that the ADN may be crucial for this form of spatial navigation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186774
- Subject Headings
- Mice as laboratory animals, Animal navigation, Spatial behavior in animals, Cognition in animals
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes.
- Creator
- Williams, Joseph Michael, Vallacher, Robin, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
How do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g.,...
Show moreHow do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g., the intentions of the individuals), they are conscious of their biases and can suppress them in favor of less prejudicial judgments. White and Black participants read or listened to an ambiguous inter-racial conflict narrative, then allocated responsibility for the conflict and rated the protagonists’ personalities. The results showed the defendants were rated as more responsible when rated more positively for personality and affective reaction. Methodological reasons for the direction of the relationship are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013175
- Subject Headings
- Attitude (Psychology), Subconsciousness--Social aspects, Racial bias, Implicit attitude
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF TWEETS FROM THE 2020 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
- Creator
- Williams, Joseph M., Nowak, Andrzej, Vallacher, Robin, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
We collected approximately 60 million tweets over a 6-month period during the 2020 presidential election, starting from the conventions through the inauguration. Each tweet referenced either the Republican incumbent Donald Trump or the Democrat challenger Joe Biden. The tweets were analyzed for sentiment and the frequency of the moral foundations using the standard LIWC2015 dictionary and the Moral Foundations Dictionary 2.0. We found that the tweets had an overall negative sentiment for both...
Show moreWe collected approximately 60 million tweets over a 6-month period during the 2020 presidential election, starting from the conventions through the inauguration. Each tweet referenced either the Republican incumbent Donald Trump or the Democrat challenger Joe Biden. The tweets were analyzed for sentiment and the frequency of the moral foundations using the standard LIWC2015 dictionary and the Moral Foundations Dictionary 2.0. We found that the tweets had an overall negative sentiment for both candidates, with tweets referencing Trump being more negative than tweets about Biden. Additional analyses showed that the Authority (Virtue) and Loyalty (Virtue) were the most frequently used moral foundations. This study provides an overview into social media discussions during a heated election cycle that ultimately culminated in the Jan. 6th Insurrection and the second impeachment of Donald Trump.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013954
- Subject Headings
- Sentiment analysis, Presidential elections--2020, Tweets (Microblogs), Twitter
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The downside of self-esteem stability: does stability impede flexibility?.
- Creator
- Wiese, Susan L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Self-concept stability was tested in three studies to examine the relationship between stability in one's self-concept and the ability to adapt to changes in the social environment. Much of the literature on the topic of self-stability emphasizes the functional benefits of stability and the negative outcomes associated with instability. Dynamical systems theory purports however that stability in a dynamical system is indicative of a loss of complexity that limits the range of the systems...
Show moreSelf-concept stability was tested in three studies to examine the relationship between stability in one's self-concept and the ability to adapt to changes in the social environment. Much of the literature on the topic of self-stability emphasizes the functional benefits of stability and the negative outcomes associated with instability. Dynamical systems theory purports however that stability in a dynamical system is indicative of a loss of complexity that limits the range of the systems behavior. Accordingly, this series of studies tests the idea that a stable self-system may have a more limited range of behaviors than unstable self-systems and this may have implications for adapting to changes in one's social environment. The overarching hypothesis is that compared to those with less stable self-views, those with stable self-views will demonstrate lower levels of flexibility of behavior in response to changing social demands. Study 1 assessed the dynamics of participants' evaluations by asking them to complete a self-descriptive recording and evaluate their self-descriptions using the mouse paradigm procedure. Participants also completed a series of questionnaires assessing personality factors and behavioral and cognitive flexibility. Study 2 expanded on the first study by adding a well-validated measure of self-esteem stability and a social conceptualization of behavioral flexibility. Study 3 tested participants' willingness to demonstrate behavioral flexibility in an actual social situation and examined the effects of stress on the relationship between stability and flexibility., Results suggest that those with more stable self-concepts demonstrate less flexibility in response to their social environment than those whose self-concepts are less stable and that stress tends to amplify this relationship. Future research is also recommended to achieve a fuller understanding of stability in the self-system and its implications for social functioning.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2683204
- Subject Headings
- Self-esteem, Psychological aspects, Adjustment (Psychology), Social interaction, Self-determination, Identity (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Perspective-Taking in Evaluating Conflict.
- Creator
- White, Elizabeth Courtney, Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Conflicts between groups are affected by myriad historical and situational factors. Yet people are rarely overwhelmed by this complexity and are able to adopt a coherent depiction of the conflict, often with an unequivocal allocation of blame to one group. A person's final judgment tells only a fraction of the story. To uncover the whole story, numerous factors must be considered. Two such factors are whether the person harbors implicit prejudice toward an involved group and whether the way...
Show moreConflicts between groups are affected by myriad historical and situational factors. Yet people are rarely overwhelmed by this complexity and are able to adopt a coherent depiction of the conflict, often with an unequivocal allocation of blame to one group. A person's final judgment tells only a fraction of the story. To uncover the whole story, numerous factors must be considered. Two such factors are whether the person harbors implicit prejudice toward an involved group and whether the way in which relevant information is presented will allow for the emergence of perspective-taking and provide insight into the conflict that will aid third-party observes in making a coherent end judgment. This research explored the role of anti-Muslim prejudice and perspectivetaking in allocating blame for an ambiguous conflict between two groups that differed only on the dimension of religion (Muslim vs. Christian). Participants completed two measures of prejudice-an anti-Muslim Implicit Association Test and an explicit antiMuslim prejudice questionnaire. Participants then viewed one of two versions of a filmed conflict scene. While both films were identical in content, the order of their contents was reversed (conflict first vs. history first). Participants were then asked to allocate blame for the conflict to one group over the other. Following this judgment of blame, participants recorded their thoughts and feelings regarding this judgment into an audio recorder. These recordings were then played back while they used the Mouse Paradigm to express the feelings portrayed in their recordings. Results indicated no relationship between explicit prejudice and allocation of blame. Implicit prejudice scores were strongly related to allocation of blame, with increases in IAT scores positively correlating with blame of the Muslim group. Results also suggested a link between performance on the lA T and the Mouse Paradigm. More specifically, the results suggest that IAT performance may predict performance on the Mouse Paradigm. Additional results provided by the Mouse Paradigm provided insight into the deliberative processes taking place during the allocation of blame. Future research should explore the link between lA T scores and Mouse Paradigm performance and should be extended to include other forms of the lAT.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000884
- Subject Headings
- Social psychology, Influence (Psychology), Persuasion (Psychology), Stereotype (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- IS EARLY SEX TYPING DUE TO CHILDREN'S ATTEMPTS TO MATCH THEIR BEHAVIOR TO SEX ROLE STEREOTYPES?.
- Creator
- WHITE, ADAM JASON, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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To test the hypothesis that children know that certain toys are appropriate for their own sex before they indicate preferences for these toys, 128 boys and girls, aged two through five, were shown pictures of masculine, faninine, and neutral toys. First, subjects indicated their personal preferences (preference test). Second, subjects indicated which itans were more appropriate for their sex (stereotype test). There was no evidence for the hypothesis. In fact, children--especially boys-...
Show moreTo test the hypothesis that children know that certain toys are appropriate for their own sex before they indicate preferences for these toys, 128 boys and girls, aged two through five, were shown pictures of masculine, faninine, and neutral toys. First, subjects indicated their personal preferences (preference test). Second, subjects indicated which itans were more appropriate for their sex (stereotype test). There was no evidence for the hypothesis. In fact, children--especially boys--displayed considerable sex-typed behavior in their toy preferences at an earlier age than they expressed awareness of which toys are appropriate for their own sex. This suggested that early sex-typed preferences result from something other than children's attempts to emulate same-sex stereotypes. A second hypothesis was that boys would show greater rejection of cross-sex toys than girls. This hypothesis also was rejected. Boys and girls showed equal rejection of cross-sex toys, but boys more frequently chose same-sex toys than girls did.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1983
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14185
- Subject Headings
- Sex role in children, Toys
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The relation of joint engagement and sustained attention to gender, context, and language development: a longitudinal study.
- Creator
- Welsh, Stephanie N., Hoff, Erika, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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The present study investigated the relation of children’s attentional behaviors to context, gender, and their language skills. Participants were 33 children and their parents. The following attentional behaviors were measured based on coding of video recordings of 30-minute free-play interactions at 30 months: time spent in engaged states (attending to an object, person, or event) and frequency of changes from one engagement state to another. Children’s productive vocabulary and language...
Show moreThe present study investigated the relation of children’s attentional behaviors to context, gender, and their language skills. Participants were 33 children and their parents. The following attentional behaviors were measured based on coding of video recordings of 30-minute free-play interactions at 30 months: time spent in engaged states (attending to an object, person, or event) and frequency of changes from one engagement state to another. Children’s productive vocabulary and language comprehension were measured using standardized tests at 30, 36, and 42 months. Males spent more time in joint engagement and switched engagement states less frequently. Children spent more time engaged during Animal and Picnic toy play than Book reading. Children attended longer to picnic-related objects than animal-related objects or books, and attended longer to animal- related objects than books. Longer sustained attention—measured as lower frequencies of state switches—was related to higher concurrent and future language comprehension scores.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004419, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004419
- Subject Headings
- Child development, Communicative competence in children, Language acquisition -- Parent participation, Verbal ability in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)