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FORMATION OF DIHALOACETONITRILES BY CHLORINATION OF NATURAL WATER
Title
THE FORMATION OF DIHALOACETONITRILES BY CHLORINATION OF NATURAL WATER.
Creator
TREHY, MICHAEL LEE., Florida Atlantic University, Bieber, Theodore I., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Abstract/Description
Dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) are shown to be produced by the chlorination of natural water, thus joining the ranks of the trihalomethanes (THMs) likewise produced by chlorination. Certain amino acids such as aspartic acid, tryptophan, and tyrosine are implicated as precursor substances for the DHANs and also to some extent for the THMs. The degradation of DHANs by hydrolysis and by thiosulfate was studied. Various methods of analysis are evaluated with respect to their ability to determine...
Show moreDihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) are shown to be produced by the chlorination of natural water, thus joining the ranks of the trihalomethanes (THMs) likewise produced by chlorination. Certain amino acids such as aspartic acid, tryptophan, and tyrosine are implicated as precursor substances for the DHANs and also to some extent for the THMs. The degradation of DHANs by hydrolysis and by thiosulfate was studied. Various methods of analysis are evaluated with respect to their ability to determine DHANs and THMs. The dilemma faced by water plants in dealing with the dual problem of DHANs and THMs is discussed. The role of hydrolysis in the formation of THMs has also been evaluated.
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Date Issued
1980
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14011
Subject Headings
Water--Purification--Chlorination
Format
Document (PDF)
KINETICS OF N,N-DIETHYL-PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE WITH MONOCHLORAMINE
Title
KINETICS OF N,N-DIETHYL-PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE WITH MONOCHLORAMINE.
Creator
GARMENDIA, MARIA J., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The kinetics of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine with monochloramine were investigated using spectrophotometric techniques. The oxidation proceeds by two sequential steps each involving one hydrogen atom. The starting material N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine and the first oxidation product are both involved in acid-base equilibria which result in a complex dependence of the reaction rate on hydrogen ion concentration. The reactions were found to follow pseudo second order kinetics, first order...
Show moreThe kinetics of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine with monochloramine were investigated using spectrophotometric techniques. The oxidation proceeds by two sequential steps each involving one hydrogen atom. The starting material N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine and the first oxidation product are both involved in acid-base equilibria which result in a complex dependence of the reaction rate on hydrogen ion concentration. The reactions were found to follow pseudo second order kinetics, first order with respect to each reactant, at a specific pH. In the presence of excess N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine the formation of a dimer was observed. Mechanisms consistent with the experimental data are proposed.
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Date Issued
1982
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14146
Subject Headings
Water--Purification--Disinfection
Format
Document (PDF)
Removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water
Title
Removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water.
Creator
Wang, Tsen C., TenEyck, John
Date Issued
1983-03
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3358780
Subject Headings
Trihalomethanes, Drinking water, Drinking water--Purification
Format
Document (PDF)
A lime softening system for individual-household use powered by solar energy
Title
A lime softening system for individual-household use powered by solar energy.
Creator
Slater-Williams, Alexandria, Abtahi, Homayoon, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description
A study conducted by the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, concluded that approximately 768 million people worldwide are not receiving sanitary drinking water suitable for consumption. While there are many water treatment methods, lime softening proves to be one of the more effective approaches as it removes a wide variety of harmful compounds including arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium under the correct conditions. The greatest issues with lime softening on a...
Show moreA study conducted by the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, concluded that approximately 768 million people worldwide are not receiving sanitary drinking water suitable for consumption. While there are many water treatment methods, lime softening proves to be one of the more effective approaches as it removes a wide variety of harmful compounds including arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium under the correct conditions. The greatest issues with lime softening on a smaller scale include the complexity of the chemistry and need for monitoring. By designing the system for groundwater sources and with a smaller capacity, this thesis hoped to reduce the level of monitoring, chemical expertise, and cost needed for operation. While promising results occurred in the removal of arsenic and total hardness, this project was unable to obtain consistent results and final water samples with pH values between the recommended standard of 6.5 to 8.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004412, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004412
Subject Headings
Solar energy -- Economic aspects, Water -- Purification, Water -- Purification Water -- Softening, Water quality management, Water supply -- Design and construction, Water supply engineering
Format
Document (PDF)
Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water in a water hyacinth-based treatment system
Title
Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water in a water hyacinth-based treatment system.
Creator
DeBusk, T. A., Williams, Lavergne D., Ryther, John H., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
1983
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007326
Subject Headings
Water hyacinth, Sewage--Purification--Nitrogen removal, Sewage--Purification--Phosphorus removal
Format
Document (PDF)
Nutrient removal fromdomestic wastewater by waterhyacinths: the importance of plant growth, detritus production anddenitrification
Title
Nutrient removal fromdomestic wastewater by waterhyacinths: the importance of plant growth, detritus production anddenitrification.
Creator
DeBusk, T. A., Ryther, John H., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
1985
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007290
Subject Headings
Sewage--Purification--Nutrient removal, Water hyacinth, Denitrification, Detritus, Wastewater
Format
Document (PDF)
The seagrass filter: purification of estuarine and coastal waters
Title
The seagrass filter: purification of estuarine and coastal waters.
Creator
Short, F. T., Short, C. A., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
1984
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/3353740
Subject Headings
Seagrasses, Estuaries, Water--Purification--Filtration, Coastal waters, Filters and filtration
Format
Document (PDF)
Human powered reverse osmosis for providing portable water for developing countries
Title
Human powered reverse osmosis for providing portable water for developing countries.
Creator
Drake, Dustin, Su, Tsung-Chow
Date Issued
2012-04-06
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3348818
Subject Headings
Drinking water --Health aspects, Water-supply, Reverse osmosis, Manually operable reverse osmosis apparatus, Developing countries, Human powered water purification
Format
Document (PDF)
A NOVEL SOLAR THERMAL MEMBRANE DISTILLATION SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION IN UNDEVELOPED AREAS
Title
A NOVEL SOLAR THERMAL MEMBRANE DISTILLATION SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION IN UNDEVELOPED AREAS.
Creator
Tanvir, Rahamat Ullah, Yi, Peng, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
Abstract/Description
In this research, a heat localizing solar thermal membrane distillation system has been developed for producing potable water from untreated surface water, wastewater, and seawater, using solely solar thermal energy. Unlike most other membrane technologies, this system requires no electrical power or equipment for its operation. The high production rate was achieved through the effective evaporation of water molecules within the pores of the membrane without dissipating much heat to the bulk...
Show moreIn this research, a heat localizing solar thermal membrane distillation system has been developed for producing potable water from untreated surface water, wastewater, and seawater, using solely solar thermal energy. Unlike most other membrane technologies, this system requires no electrical power or equipment for its operation. The high production rate was achieved through the effective evaporation of water molecules within the pores of the membrane without dissipating much heat to the bulk feed water. It can remove suspending particles, microorganisms, inorganic salts, as well as organic contaminants from the feed water. The system can produce potable water for 32, 18, and 10 days on average under simulated sunlight when distilling seawater, canal water, and municipal wastewater, respectively, without cleaning the membrane. Low cost, high energy efficiency (i.e., 55%), and good water quality make the new system feasible for undeveloped areas where basic water treatment is lacking.
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Date Issued
2019
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013346
Subject Headings
Solar thermal energy, Membrane distillation, Drinking water--Purification, Potable water, Drinking water--Developing countries, Underdeveloped areas
Format
Document (PDF)
Predicting removal efficiency of reverse osmosis membranes with respect to emerging substances of concern using a discriminant function analysis
Title
Predicting removal efficiency of reverse osmosis membranes with respect to emerging substances of concern using a discriminant function analysis.
Creator
Pleitez Herrera, Fernando J., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
Abstract/Description
This paper presents the results of the spike tests performed in the alternative water supply pilot testing program for the City of Pembroke Pines. It establishes the effectiveness of a protocol that can be used to gain further insight on the rejection capacities of RO membranes. An in-depth study of the molecular descriptors affecting rejection by RO membranes is presented and used in the development of a discriminant function analysis. This analysis proved to be an effective way to predict...
Show moreThis paper presents the results of the spike tests performed in the alternative water supply pilot testing program for the City of Pembroke Pines. It establishes the effectiveness of a protocol that can be used to gain further insight on the rejection capacities of RO membranes. An in-depth study of the molecular descriptors affecting rejection by RO membranes is presented and used in the development of a discriminant function analysis. This analysis proved to be an effective way to predict the passage of Emerging Substances of Concern (ESOCs) through RO membrane. Further, a principal component (PC) analysis was performed to determine which factors accounted the largest variation in RO permeability. Additionally, this paper defines the groundwork for a discriminant analysis model that, if further developed, could serve as an important tool to predict the rejection capabilities of RO treatment when handling with ESOCs.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355869
Subject Headings
Membranes (Technology), Water, Purification, Reverse osmosis process, Industrial water supply, Water, Pollution, Chemoinformatics
Format
Document (PDF)
Freshwater macrophytes for energy and wastewater treatment
Title
Freshwater macrophytes for energy and wastewater treatment.
Creator
Ryther, John H., DeBusk, T. A., Hanisak, M. Dennis, Williams, Lavergne D.
Date Issued
1979
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007077
Subject Headings
Sewage--Purification, Plant biomass, Lemna minor, Water hyacinth, Hydrilla, Biomass energy
Format
Document (PDF)
Barometric distillation and the problem of non-condensable gases
Title
Barometric distillation and the problem of non-condensable gases.
Creator
Martinson, Eiki., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Barometric distillation is an alternative method of producing fresh water by desalination. This proposed process evaporates saline water at low pressure and consequently low temperature; low pressure conditions are achieved by use of barometric columns and condensation is by direct contact with a supply of fresh water that will be augmented by the distillate. Low-temperature sources of heat, such as the cooling water rejected by electrical power generating facilities, can supply this system...
Show moreBarometric distillation is an alternative method of producing fresh water by desalination. This proposed process evaporates saline water at low pressure and consequently low temperature; low pressure conditions are achieved by use of barometric columns and condensation is by direct contact with a supply of fresh water that will be augmented by the distillate. Low-temperature sources of heat, such as the cooling water rejected by electrical power generating facilities, can supply this system with the latent heat of evaporation. Experiments are presented that show successful distillation with a temperature difference between evaporator and condenser smaller than 10ê C. Accumulation of dissolved gases coming out of solution, a classic problem in lowpressure distillation, is indirectly measured using a gas-tension sensor. The results of these experiments are used in an analysis of the specific energy required by a production process capable of producing 15 liters per hour. With a 20ê C difference, and neglecting latent heat, this analysis yields a specific energy of 1.85 kilowatt-hour per cubic meter, consumed by water pumping and by removal of non-condensable gases.
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Date Issued
2010
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2978949
Subject Headings
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical, Fluid mechanics, Saline water conversion, Renewable energy sources, Groundwater, Purification
Format
Document (PDF)
Experimental and numerical analysis of solute transport through saturated porous media
Title
Experimental and numerical analysis of solute transport through saturated porous media.
Creator
Ranganathan, Sridhar., Florida Atlantic University, Abtahi, Homayoon, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description
The problem of solute transport through saturated porous media is considered in this thesis. The end application of this study is to evaluate the option of spray irrigation as a means of disposing reverse osmosis effluent. Reverse osmosis effluent was sprayed on an experimental field composed of typical area soil. The changes in groundwater quality were monitored at intervals of ten to twenty days. Applying the experimentally obtained data to a basic numerical model, which uses the convection...
Show moreThe problem of solute transport through saturated porous media is considered in this thesis. The end application of this study is to evaluate the option of spray irrigation as a means of disposing reverse osmosis effluent. Reverse osmosis effluent was sprayed on an experimental field composed of typical area soil. The changes in groundwater quality were monitored at intervals of ten to twenty days. Applying the experimentally obtained data to a basic numerical model, which uses the convection-diffusion equation, the key parameter of the soil, D* the diffusion coefficient, is obtained for the Myakka sand. While the numerical model can predict the qualitative behavior of hardness and conductivity, hysteresis is observed for the response of the total organic carbon (TOC) content. Further studies are needed to understand and model the inherent capacitance of the soil for hardness and the observed hysteresis in TOC response.
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Date Issued
1990
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14629
Subject Headings
Groundwater flow, Groundwater--Quality, Water--Purification--Reverse osmosis process
Format
Document (PDF)
Technical Feasibility of Nanofiltration Concentrate Treatment with Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis
Title
Technical Feasibility of Nanofiltration Concentrate Treatment with Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis.
Creator
Toro, Adriana M., Bloetscher, Frederick, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
Abstract/Description
This study evaluated the technical feasibility o f increasing the typical water recovery of a pilot scale membrane system (85-90%) to 97% by treatment of nanofiltration concentrate with low-pressure reverse osmosis. The study used Biscayne aquifer water (freshwater), and determined that it may be technically feasible to increase the recovery up to approximately 95% when the RO flux is —10 gfd, the feed water pH is reduced to -6.1 with H2 SO4 , and antiscalant in the NF process. The tested...
Show moreThis study evaluated the technical feasibility o f increasing the typical water recovery of a pilot scale membrane system (85-90%) to 97% by treatment of nanofiltration concentrate with low-pressure reverse osmosis. The study used Biscayne aquifer water (freshwater), and determined that it may be technically feasible to increase the recovery up to approximately 95% when the RO flux is —10 gfd, the feed water pH is reduced to -6.1 with H2 SO4 , and antiscalant in the NF process. The tested membranes showed stable and similar performance under the pilot conditions. However, pilot tests were sensitive to pH variations (pH>6.2). The main barrier for increasing the water recovery was fouling caused by iron, carbonate hardness, and iron bacteria. A preliminary cost analysis showed that there is an apparent econom ic advantage when the recovery is greater than 90%. Estimated water cost at 95% recovery is $1.99 compared with $2.69 at the typical 85% recovery.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012564
Subject Headings
Saline water conversion--Reverse osmosis process, Water--Purification--Reverse osmosis process, Membrane separation, Membranes (Technology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Macroalgal blooms on southeast Florida coral reefs II. Cross-shelf discrimination of nitrogen sources indicates widespread assimilation of sewage nitrogen
Title
Macroalgal blooms on southeast Florida coral reefs II. Cross-shelf discrimination of nitrogen sources indicates widespread assimilation of sewage nitrogen.
Creator
Lapointe, Brian E., Barile, Peter J., Littler, Mark M., Littler, Diane S., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
2005
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2827827
Subject Headings
Coral reef biology --Florida, Coral reefs and islands --Florida, Eutrophication --Toxicology, Algae, Water --Nitrogen content, Water --Phosphorus content, Water --Purification --Nitrogen removal
Format
Document (PDF)
Treatment of landfill leachate via advanced oxidation
Title
Treatment of landfill leachate via advanced oxidation.
Creator
McBarnette, Andrâe., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
Abstract/Description
A landfill is in a reserved space on land used for the disposal of refuse by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical area to prevent the creation of nuisances to public health or safety (Andersen et al. 1967). However, because landfills are open to the atmosphere, rainfall can saturate them, resulting in a liquid called leachate. Leachate generated within the landfill contains suspended solids, soluble components of the waste and by-products...
Show moreA landfill is in a reserved space on land used for the disposal of refuse by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the refuse to the smallest practical area to prevent the creation of nuisances to public health or safety (Andersen et al. 1967). However, because landfills are open to the atmosphere, rainfall can saturate them, resulting in a liquid called leachate. Leachate generated within the landfill contains suspended solids, soluble components of the waste and by-products from the degradation of the waste by various micro-organisms. Treatment of leachate is an emerging area of need. In this manuscript the main purpose is to investigate a laboratory scale batch reactor that is able to detoxify and treat leachate by using an advanced oxidation process (i.e. TiO2). Based on the results obtained from this ground breaking research, it appears that the process investigate has the potential to radically change the way landfill leachate is treated. Scale up may provide direction that can be used to improve the efficiency of the different stages of toxicity of leachate during the entire life of a landfill.
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Date Issued
2011
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3318665
Subject Headings
Sanitary landfills, Leaching, Environmental aspects, Refuse and refuse disposal, Environmental aspects, Integrated solid waste management, Water, Purification, Oxidation
Format
Document (PDF)
Photochemical Iron-Mediated Aeration Treatment of Landfill Leachate
Title
Photochemical Iron-Mediated Aeration Treatment of Landfill Leachate.
Creator
Gasnier, Francois, Meeroff, Daniel E., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Landfilling is the most common method of solid waste disposal in the United States. However, a reported issue with landfill management is the production of leachate, which is a wastewater that is typically too strong to be discharged to municipal wastewater treatment facilities. After reviewing the performance of existing leachate treatment methods, it is clear that an understanding of emerging issues and an all-inclusive solution to long-term management of leachate is currently not available...
Show moreLandfilling is the most common method of solid waste disposal in the United States. However, a reported issue with landfill management is the production of leachate, which is a wastewater that is typically too strong to be discharged to municipal wastewater treatment facilities. After reviewing the performance of existing leachate treatment methods, it is clear that an understanding of emerging issues and an all-inclusive solution to long-term management of leachate is currently not available. The goal of this project is to address the lack of viable and sustainable engineering alternatives for handling leachate. One such futuristic technology is called Photochemical Iron Mediated Aeration (PIMA). Based on the Iron Mediated Aeration process, the PIMA process involves the combined oxidation effect of hydroxyl radicals and ultraviolet radiation with the air stripping potential of aeration. The experiments conducted demonstrated promising results but also the lack of maturity of this technique.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012518
Subject Headings
Sanitary landfills--Leaching--Environmental aspects, Refuse and refuse disposal--Environmental aspects, Water--Purification--Filtration, Integrated solid waste management
Format
Document (PDF)