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Exploring Diachronic Change in the Population-Specific Vocalizations of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Title
Exploring Diachronic Change in the Population-Specific Vocalizations of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Creator
Halloran, Andrew R., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Chimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans)...
Show moreChimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans). These factors can act as a catalyst for punctuated diachronic change. A vocal survey was performed on two groups of chimpanzees who had been separated from each other two years prior to the research. The results of the survey revealed significant differences between the two groups' vocalizations. These results make a case for diachronic change in chimpanzee vocalizations, the seed of population-specific calls.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000982
Subject Headings
Chimpanzees--Vocalization, Auditory perception, Linguistic change--Study and teaching, Vocalization, Animal
Format
Document (PDF)
Acoustic Tonal and Vector Properties of Red Hind Grouper Vocalizationd
Title
Acoustic Tonal and Vector Properties of Red Hind Grouper Vocalizationd.
Creator
Matthews, Cameron Anthony, Beaujean, Pierre-Philippe, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description
Vertebrates are the most prodigious vocalizing animals in existence, and the most diverse methods of acoustic communication among vertebrates can be found in the ocean. Relatively many teleost fish are gifted with the ability to communicate acoustically, and the family of serranidae often performs this as a function of the swim bladder. Epinephelus Guttatus (E. guttatus), or more commonly the red hind grouper, is equipped with a drum shaped swim bladder acting as a monopole under typical...
Show moreVertebrates are the most prodigious vocalizing animals in existence, and the most diverse methods of acoustic communication among vertebrates can be found in the ocean. Relatively many teleost fish are gifted with the ability to communicate acoustically, and the family of serranidae often performs this as a function of the swim bladder. Epinephelus Guttatus (E. guttatus), or more commonly the red hind grouper, is equipped with a drum shaped swim bladder acting as a monopole under typical ocean conditions. This configuration allows for what is understood to be omnidirectional projection of tones approximately centered between 40 and 440 Hz and spanning anywhere from 40 to 200 Hz of bandwidth and modulation effects based on observed data provided by researchers. Prior studies on many other fish show correlation in acoustic communication profile with length, size and sexual identity. In the red hind, sexual dimorphism leads to an inherent female identity in all juvenile fish which converts to male according to environmental factors, recommending at least consistent organs across both sexes be assumed even if not in use. Much research has been performed on male fish vocalization in terms of spectral content. Communication in fish is a complex multi-modal process, with acoustic communication being important for many of the species, particularly those in the littoral regions of the worlds’ oceans. If identifying characteristics of the red hind vocalization can be isolated based on detection, classification, tracking and localizing methodologies, then these identifying characteristics may indeed lead to passive feature identification that allows for estimation of individual fish mass. Hypotheses based on vector, cyclostationary and classical tonal mechanics are presented for consideration. A battery of test data collection events, applying pre-recorded fish vocalizations to a geolocated undersea sound source were conducted. The results are supplied with the intent of validating hypothesis in a non-expert system manner that shows how a series of biological metrics may be assessed for detection, classification, localization and mass estimation for an individual vocalizing red hind grouper
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Date Issued
2017
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004826, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004826
Subject Headings
Wave-motion, Theory of., Sound production by animals., Fishes--Vocalization., Bioacoustics., Animal communication., Underwater acoustics., Acoustic surface waves.
Format
Document (PDF)
Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements
Title
Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements.
Creator
Cook, Mandy L. H., Varela, Rene A., Goldstein, Juli D., McCulloch, Stephen D., Bossart, Gregory D., Finneran, James J., Houser, Dorian, Mann, David A., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2796070
Subject Headings
Beaked whales, Sonar, Auditory Perception --physiology, Marine animals --Vocalization, Echolocation (Physiology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Call Categorization and Vocal Behavior of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Title
Call Categorization and Vocal Behavior of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Creator
Brady, Beth A., Moore, Jon, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Florida manatees are semisocial marine mammals that vocalize when interacting with conspecifics and to maintain contact with offspring. While many aspects of their biology have been studied, there is a dearth of information on the diversity and complexity of vocal behavior during social, nonsocial, and stressful situations. Investigations of vocal communication repertoires which define, categorize, and correlate varied call types with behavior are needed in order to understand the behavioral...
Show moreFlorida manatees are semisocial marine mammals that vocalize when interacting with conspecifics and to maintain contact with offspring. While many aspects of their biology have been studied, there is a dearth of information on the diversity and complexity of vocal behavior during social, nonsocial, and stressful situations. Investigations of vocal communication repertoires which define, categorize, and correlate varied call types with behavior are needed in order to understand the behavioral and social function of associated calls. Arguably the most important social bond in manatees is the period of cow/calf dependency and empirical evidence indicates cows recognize the vocalizations of offspring. Exploration of individually distinctive vocal features can provide insight on which parameters might be salient to facilitate recognition between cows/calves. This study is focused on vocal communication in Florida manatees, how calls are structured, utilized and function while animals are distressed and during social interactions in their shallow water habitats. Hydrophones recorded vocalizations from individual calves and manatees in different behavioral contexts and varying size aggregations. Analysis of the vocal repertoire indicated manatee vocalizations can be parsed into five broadly defined call types which include the hill-shaped high squeak, tonal squeak, noisy squeal, two toned chirp, and the combinatorial squeak-squeal. Furthermore, the high squeak is likely a discrete call whereas the others are graded and do not have strict boundaries between call types (Chapter 2). Broadly defined call types were used to explore call usage with variations in behavior, group size, and group composition (Chapter 3). Manatees vocalized using few call types and altered structural parameters depending on behavioral state. Calls were longer and more frequency modulated when stressed. Vocalizations produced while cavorting were higher in entropy and more frequency modulated than when manatees were resting or feeding. Vocalizations obtained from individual calves suggest that the high squeak is a stereotypical call that is produced by smaller calves. All calves had individually distinctive acoustic features that could potentially be used in recognition (Chapter 4). Lower fundamental frequencies and higher emphasized frequencies from smaller calves suggest that the fundamental frequency may not be a reliable indicator of body size in calves. This research increases our knowledge of the vocal behavior and call characteristics of the Florida manatee.
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Date Issued
2020
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013519
Subject Headings
Manatees, West Indian manatee--Florida, Trichechus manatus latirostris, Vocalization, Animal, Florida manatee
Format
Document (PDF)
MULTI-MODEL DEEP LEARNING FOR GROUPER SOUND CLASSIFICATION AND SEIZURE PREDICTION
Title
MULTI-MODEL DEEP LEARNING FOR GROUPER SOUND CLASSIFICATION AND SEIZURE PREDICTION.
Creator
Ibrahim, Ali K., Zhuang, Hanqi, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Deep learning models have been successfully applied to a variety of machine learning tasks, including image identification, image segmentation, object detection, speaker recognition, natural language processing, bioinformatics and drug discovery, among other things. This dissertation introduces Multi-Model Deep Learning (MMDL), a new ensemble deep learning approach for signal classification and event forecasting. The ultimate goal of the MMDL method is to improve classification and...
Show moreDeep learning models have been successfully applied to a variety of machine learning tasks, including image identification, image segmentation, object detection, speaker recognition, natural language processing, bioinformatics and drug discovery, among other things. This dissertation introduces Multi-Model Deep Learning (MMDL), a new ensemble deep learning approach for signal classification and event forecasting. The ultimate goal of the MMDL method is to improve classification and forecasting performances of individual classifiers by fusing results of participating deep learning models. The performance of such an ensemble model, however, depends heavily on the following two design features. Firstly, the diversity of the participating (or base) deep learning models is crucial. If all base deep learning models produce similar classification results, then combining these results will not provide much improvement. Thus, diversity is considered to be a key design feature of any successful MMDL system. Secondly, the selection of a fusion function, namely, a suitable function to integrate the results of all the base models, is important. In short, building an effective MMDL system is a complex and challenging process which requires deep knowledge of the problem context and a well-defined prediction process. The proposed MMDL method utilizes a bank of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Stacked AutoEncoders (SAEs). To reduce the design complexity, a randomized generation process is applied to assign values to hyperparameters of base models. To speed up the training process, new feature extraction procedures which captures time-spatial characteristics of input signals are also explored. The effectiveness of the MMDL method is validated in this dissertation study with three real-world case studies. In the first case study, the MMDL model is applied to classify call types of groupers, an important fishery resource in the Caribbean that produces sounds associated with reproductive behaviors during yearly spawning aggregations. In the second case study, the MMDL model is applied to detect upcalls of North Atlantic Right Whales (NARWs), a type of endangered whales. NARWs use upcalls to communicate among themselves. In the third case study, the MMDL model is modified to predict seizure episodes. In all these cases, the proposed MMDL model outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.
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Date Issued
2019
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013382
Subject Headings
Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Neural networks (Computer science), Groupers, Whales, Vocalization, Animal, Seizures
Format
Document (PDF)