Current Search: Violence -- Psychological aspects (x)
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(1 - 12 of 12)
- Title
- Bullying in schools: the role of empathy, temperament, and emotion regulation.
- Creator
- Gagnon, Chantal M., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Peer aggression and bullying are significant problems for children in American schools. While a large body of research has been conducted in this area, none to date has examined the combined roles of temperament (behavioral activation system, or BAS, and behavioral inhibition system, or BIS), and empathy in predicting participation in bullying interactions. Previous research has found that low empathy facilitates aggressive behavior, while high empathy inhibits it, and has linked poor emotion...
Show morePeer aggression and bullying are significant problems for children in American schools. While a large body of research has been conducted in this area, none to date has examined the combined roles of temperament (behavioral activation system, or BAS, and behavioral inhibition system, or BIS), and empathy in predicting participation in bullying interactions. Previous research has found that low empathy facilitates aggressive behavior, while high empathy inhibits it, and has linked poor emotion regulation to conduct disorders. Thus, if these factors can predict behaviors towards peers, they may also predict (independently and in combination) involvement in bullying, specifically the roles assumed in those interactions - that is: bully, victim, bully-victim (a child who is both bully and victim), or defender/protector. The present study tested 226 middle school students on a measure of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and a measure of temperament (BIS/BAS Scales). The students also completed a Peer Nomination Inventory to identify children who were aggressive toward others, victimized by peers, and/or protected peers from bullies. Although not all predictions were supported, results showed that certain sub-components of empathy, such as empathic concern (affective empathy) and personal distress (a measure of emotion regulation) predicted the behavior of "pure bullies" (bullies who are not themselves victimized), but not of other aggressive children such as bully-victims. High BAS drive and low BIS were significant predictors of aggressive behavior, and BAS reward responsiveness predicted protective behavior. Victimized children had higher fantasy (ability to identify with fictional characters) and lower perspective-taking (cognitive empathy) skills, and tended not to have overlapping characteristics and behaviors with protective children., These characteristics did not interact significantly with each other or with age, gender, ethnicity, or SES of students. It was concluded that pure bullies lack affective empathy, and victims lack cognitive empathy. That is, empathy is multidimensional and empathy deficits vary in type, but all lead to some form of socioemotional impairment. Furthermore, aggressive victims are a unique sub-group of children with unique characteristics.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3342106
- Subject Headings
- Bullying in schools, Prevention, Bullying, Prevention, School violence, Prevention, Aggressiveness in children, Violence, Psychological aspects, Violence, Social aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Evolutionary psychological perspectives on men's partner-directed violence in context of perceived partner infidelity.
- Creator
- Kaighobadi, Farnaz., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Evolutionary psychology offers a framework for investigating the design of evolved information-processing mechanisms that motivate costly behaviors such as men's partner-directed violence. The current research investigated predictors of and individual differences in men's intimate- partner-directed violence from an evolutionary psychological perspective. The problem of paternity uncertainty is hypothesized to have selected for the emotion of male sexual jealousy, which in turn motivates men's...
Show moreEvolutionary psychology offers a framework for investigating the design of evolved information-processing mechanisms that motivate costly behaviors such as men's partner-directed violence. The current research investigated predictors of and individual differences in men's intimate- partner-directed violence from an evolutionary psychological perspective. The problem of paternity uncertainty is hypothesized to have selected for the emotion of male sexual jealousy, which in turn motivates men's nonviolent and violent mate-retention behaviors. Study 1 documented a hierarchy of behaviors initiated with men's suspicions of partner infidelity leading to men's engagement in frequent non-violent mate-retention behaviors, ending in men's partner-directed violence. Study 2 documented an interaction between men's personality traits and the context of perceived partner infidelity risk to predict men's perpetration of violence. Finally, Study 3 extended Studies 1 and 2 by building a causal cascade model that captures the hierarchy of adaptive behaviors in order of: (1) men's childhood experiences with their parents' parental effort, (2) men's adaptive life history strategies and behavioral self-regulation, (3) men's perceptions of partner infidelity risk, and (4) men's non-violent mate retention behaviors, conclusively predicting men's perpetration of violence in intimate relationships.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3183125
- Subject Headings
- Evolutionary psychology, Man-woman relationships, Abusive men, Psychology, Sex roles, Behaviorism (Psychology), Social aspects, Violence in men, Intimacy (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Men's partner-directed insults and sexual coercion in intimate relationships.
- Creator
- Starratt, Valerie G., Florida Atlantic University, Shackelford, Todd K.
- Abstract/Description
-
Given the negative psychological and health-related consequences of sexual coercion, recent research has focused on predicting sexual coercion. In two studies, I investigated the relationships between men's partner-directed sexually coercive behaviors and their use of partner-directed insults in the context of intimate relationships. Study 1 secured self-reports from 247 men on the Partner-Directed Insults Scale and the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale. Study 2 secured partner...
Show moreGiven the negative psychological and health-related consequences of sexual coercion, recent research has focused on predicting sexual coercion. In two studies, I investigated the relationships between men's partner-directed sexually coercive behaviors and their use of partner-directed insults in the context of intimate relationships. Study 1 secured self-reports from 247 men on the Partner-Directed Insults Scale and the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale. Study 2 secured partner-reports from 378 women on the same measures. Across both studies, the results indicate that men's use of sexually coercive behaviors can be predicted by the frequency or content of the insults that men direct at their intimate partner. Insults involving accusations of a partner's infidelity were most useful in predicting sexual coercion, for example. Discussion addresses limitations of the current research and highlights important directions for future research in the area.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13334
- Subject Headings
- Violence in men, Sex roles, Behaviorism (Psychology)--Social aspects, Man-woman relationships, Women--Violence against
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Female Directed Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective.
- Creator
- Starratt, Valerie G., Florida Atlantic University, Shackelford, Todd K., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Over human evolutionary history, men faced the adaptive problem of cuckoldry, or the unwitting investment in genetically unrelated offspring. As cuckoldry is potentially so reproductively costly, men may have evolved anti-cuckoldry psychological adaptations. Sexual coercion has been hypothesized as one class of anti-cuckoldry behaviors. By sexually coercing an intimate partner, a man may reduce the risk of cuckoldry by placing his sperm in competition with a rival male's spenn, should his...
Show moreOver human evolutionary history, men faced the adaptive problem of cuckoldry, or the unwitting investment in genetically unrelated offspring. As cuckoldry is potentially so reproductively costly, men may have evolved anti-cuckoldry psychological adaptations. Sexual coercion has been hypothesized as one class of anti-cuckoldry behaviors. By sexually coercing an intimate partner, a man may reduce the risk of cuckoldry by placing his sperm in competition with a rival male's spenn, should his partner have been sexually unfaithful. I will present three studies that investigate the role of female infidelity, an assessment of risk of spenn competition and subsequent cuckoldry, in predicting male sexual coercion in the context of an intimate relationship.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000879
- Subject Headings
- Sex roles, Behavior (Psychology)--Social aspects, Violence in men, Man-woman relationships, Sperm competition
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Product placement within violent media: investigating the role of emotion on product memory.
- Creator
- Berger, Johanna D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Despite extensive research into memory and violence, relatively little is known about the relationship between violent media and memory of advertised products. Research has yielded contradictory evidence ; some scholars have found a negative relationship, others a nonexistent one... This research investigated the role of emotion in the relationship between violent media and product placement memory. This study creates insight into inconclusive previous findings by providing evidence that...
Show moreDespite extensive research into memory and violence, relatively little is known about the relationship between violent media and memory of advertised products. Research has yielded contradictory evidence ; some scholars have found a negative relationship, others a nonexistent one... This research investigated the role of emotion in the relationship between violent media and product placement memory. This study creates insight into inconclusive previous findings by providing evidence that violence influences product memory. Specifically, participants were significantly worse at remembering products placed within violent clips (e.g., free recall, cued recall, recognition. Participants' emotional responses to the violent clips also appeared to influence their memory for embedded products ; product recognition was significantly correlated with disgust, avoidance, and interest ratings.... Interestingly, stronger negative responses to the violent clips were correlated with decreased preference for the embedded products. Furthermore, the pattern of differences for product preference between target and non-target violent products varied according to negative emotional reaction. Therefore, this dissertation provides insight into the role emotion plays in the relationship between viewing violent media and product placement memory.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358283
- Subject Headings
- Mass media, Marketing, Advertising, Psychological aspects, Persuasion (Psychology), Product placement in mass media, Violence in mass media, Psychological aspects, Human information processing, Research
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships: An Evolutionary Perspective Informed by Sperm Competition Theory.
- Creator
- Goetz, Aaron T., Florida Atlantic University, Shackelford, Todd K., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Sperm competition theory states that in species 111 which females mate with multiple males within a short period of time, not only will males have to compete for mates, but they will have to compete for fertilizations and will subsequently evolve tactics associated with competition for fertilization. It has been hypothesized that sexual coercion in the context of an intimate relationship may function as a sperm competition tactic, with its occurrence related to a man's suspicions of his...
Show moreSperm competition theory states that in species 111 which females mate with multiple males within a short period of time, not only will males have to compete for mates, but they will have to compete for fertilizations and will subsequently evolve tactics associated with competition for fertilization. It has been hypothesized that sexual coercion in the context of an intimate relationship may function as a sperm competition tactic, with its occurrence related to a man's suspicions of his pmtner' s sexual infidelity. Sexual coercion in response to cues of his partner's sexual infidelity might function to introduce a male's sperm into his partner's reproductive tract at a time when there is a high risk of cuckoldry. Four studies are presented which lend support to the sperm competition hypothesis and encourage others to consider sperm competition theory when studying men's sexual coercion in intimate relationships.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000860
- Subject Headings
- Victims of family violence, Abusive men--Psychology, Man-woman relationships, Behaviorism (Psychology)--Social aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- She just snapped: reality television, murder and the myth of feminine evil.
- Creator
- Tomei, Megan., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, School of Communication and Multimedia Studies
- Abstract/Description
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Snapped, a documentary style show profiling female killers, is one of Oxygens longest running hit franchises. This thesis analyzes, through both the frames of feminist theory and rhetoric, the way the show perpetuates and plays upon the myth of feminine evil as well as the stereotype of women as weak, hysterical agents in need of control. Snapped showcases women who start out as seemingly normal but then enact horrendous crimes. The use of women that the audience can identify with but then...
Show moreSnapped, a documentary style show profiling female killers, is one of Oxygens longest running hit franchises. This thesis analyzes, through both the frames of feminist theory and rhetoric, the way the show perpetuates and plays upon the myth of feminine evil as well as the stereotype of women as weak, hysterical agents in need of control. Snapped showcases women who start out as seemingly normal but then enact horrendous crimes. The use of women that the audience can identify with but then later fear creates a cathartic experience in which female audience members can be vicariously cleansed of any dangerous animosity they may possess. The show portrays the many extreme examples as the norm for lethal female violence, but this disregards the fact that a majority of women killers act in self defense. The show distorts the reality of violence against women and supports a stereotype of inherent female criminality.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2684892
- Subject Headings
- Reality television programs, Feminist theory, Homicide, Psychological aspects, Violence in women, Violence in mass media
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Women's rape avoidance: an evolutionary psychological perspective.
- Creator
- McKibbin, William F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Women have recurrently faced the adaptive problem of rape over evolutionary history. Little research has investigated the potential evolved psychological mechanisms for rape avoidance that women may possess. Here I review evolutionary perspectives on rape avoidance. I follow this review with the results of two studies conducted to design a measure of women's rape avoidance, known as the Rape Avoidance Inventory (RAI). Study 1A included 99 women who self-reported acts they do or might do...
Show moreWomen have recurrently faced the adaptive problem of rape over evolutionary history. Little research has investigated the potential evolved psychological mechanisms for rape avoidance that women may possess. Here I review evolutionary perspectives on rape avoidance. I follow this review with the results of two studies conducted to design a measure of women's rape avoidance, known as the Rape Avoidance Inventory (RAI). Study 1A included 99 women who self-reported acts they do or might do specifically to avoid being raped. Study 1B included 144 women who filled out a preliminary inventory of rape avoidance behaviors. I used their responses to construct the RAI. In Study 3, I develop and test a number of hypotheses derived from evolutionary psychological theory, using data derived from the sample of women in Study 1B. I conclude by discussing limitations and possible future directions for rape avoidance research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/1927315
- Subject Headings
- Rape, Psychological aspects, Sex differences (Psychology), Women, Violence against, Rape victims, Public opinion, Man-woman relationships, Evolutionary psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Women’s Plasticity During Childhood and their Influence on Rape-Avoidance Behaviors.
- Creator
- Penaloza, Sammy, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Evolutionary theory predicts that sexual coercion and rape are likely to occur in any species in which males are more aggressive, more eager to mate, more sexually assertive, and less discriminating in choosing a mate (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). McKibbin and Shackelford (2011) state that males of many species have evolved strategies to sexually coerce and rape females. It is for this reason that researchers have speculated that several female traits or behaviors evolved to reduce the risks of...
Show moreEvolutionary theory predicts that sexual coercion and rape are likely to occur in any species in which males are more aggressive, more eager to mate, more sexually assertive, and less discriminating in choosing a mate (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). McKibbin and Shackelford (2011) state that males of many species have evolved strategies to sexually coerce and rape females. It is for this reason that researchers have speculated that several female traits or behaviors evolved to reduce the risks of being raped (McKibbin & Shackelford, 2011). The rationale behind the proposed experiment examined whether parents’ childrearing practices and women’s plasticity during childhood may have influenced the development of psychological mechanisms in response to the recurrent adaptive problem of rape. Analyses showed that maternal support during childhood predicted how frequently rape-avoidance behaviors were exhibited by women as adults. Analyses also showed that father absence was related to earlier sexual activity but age of menarche did not predict and was not associated with any rape-avoidance behaviors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004784
- Subject Headings
- Rape--Psychological aspects., Rape victims--Public opinion., Women--Violence against., Men--Sexual behavior., Men--Attitudes., Human behavior., Sex differences (Psychology), Evolutionary psychology.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Mobbing, burnout, and religious coping styles among Protestant clergy: a structural equation model and its implications for counselors.
- Creator
- Vensel, Steven R., College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
- Abstract/Description
-
This study investigates the relationship between mobbing, burnout, and religious coping styles among Protestant clergy. Mobbing is an emotionally abusive workplace behavior and is defined as the prolonged malacious harassment of a coworker by a group of other members of an organization to secure the removal from the organization of the one who is targeted. Mobbing has only recently become a focus of attention in the US. To date, there are no known studies investigating mobbing in the...
Show moreThis study investigates the relationship between mobbing, burnout, and religious coping styles among Protestant clergy. Mobbing is an emotionally abusive workplace behavior and is defined as the prolonged malacious harassment of a coworker by a group of other members of an organization to secure the removal from the organization of the one who is targeted. Mobbing has only recently become a focus of attention in the US. To date, there are no known studies investigating mobbing in the workplace setting of the church. The broad purpose of this study is to determine if Protestant pastors experience mobbing, how they are affected by it, and how they cope with it. Four religious coping styles - Self-directing, Collaborative, Deferring, and Surrender to God - are investigated to determine how coping styles of religious individuals function in mediating the effect of mobbing or burnout. Burnout is assessed throught he Maslach Burnout Inventory and measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This study utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and presents two models of mediational analysis.... The results of analysis indicate that Protestant clergy do experience being mobbed which results in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Clergy with a self-directing coping style experience more burnout than do those who utilize a surrender to God style. Differences in indirect effects between models were noted. The implications to theory and practice are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3356893
- Subject Headings
- Psychologists of religion, Stress management, Pastoral counseling, Stress (Psychology), Burn out (Psychology), Clergy, Job stress, Work environment, Psychological aspects, Violence in the workplace
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Why do Men Insult their Intimate Partners? Partner-Directed Insults and Mate Retention.
- Creator
- McKibbin, William F., Shackelford, Todd K., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
Men sometimes insult their intimate partners and these insults predict intimate partner violence. No research has investigated the function of men's partner-directed insults. I hypothesize that men's partner-directed insults are designed to retain their longterm mate and, therefore, that men's use of partner-directed insults will covary with other mate retention behaviors. Using the Mate Retention Inventory and the Partner-Directed Insults Scale, I conducted two studies to test this...
Show moreMen sometimes insult their intimate partners and these insults predict intimate partner violence. No research has investigated the function of men's partner-directed insults. I hypothesize that men's partner-directed insults are designed to retain their longterm mate and, therefore, that men's use of partner-directed insults will covary with other mate retention behaviors. Using the Mate Retention Inventory and the Partner-Directed Insults Scale, I conducted two studies to test this hypothesis. Study 1 included 245 men who reported their mate retention behaviors and partner-directed insults. Correlations and multiple regression analyses documented the predicted relationships between men's partner-directed insults and mate retention behaviors. Study 2 included 372 women who reported their partner's mate retention behaviors and insults that their partner directed at them. The results replicated the results of Study 1. Discussion highlights future directions for investigating the relationships between men's partner-directed insults and mate retention behaviors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000798
- Subject Headings
- Abusive men--Psychology, Family violence--Cross-cultural studies, Psychological abuse--Cross-cultural studies, Behaviorism (Psychology)--Social aspects, Man-woman relationships
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The myth of the criminal and animal subjecthood in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace.
- Creator
- Harrington, Ashley B., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of English
- Abstract/Description
-
J. M. Coetzee's brutal novel Disgrace questions popular understandings of criminality and victimhood by establishing parallels between its various characters and their actions. Through close reading of Coetzee's descriptions of protagonist David Lurie's behaviors and attitudes towards women, non-human animals, and people of color compared with descriptions of the mysterious trio of men who rape Lurie's daughter and coldly kill the dogs in her kennels, I argue that the line Disgrace draws...
Show moreJ. M. Coetzee's brutal novel Disgrace questions popular understandings of criminality and victimhood by establishing parallels between its various characters and their actions. Through close reading of Coetzee's descriptions of protagonist David Lurie's behaviors and attitudes towards women, non-human animals, and people of color compared with descriptions of the mysterious trio of men who rape Lurie's daughter and coldly kill the dogs in her kennels, I argue that the line Disgrace draws between Lurie and these men is deliberately flimsy, ultimately all but disappearing if we look closely enough at their behaviors and descriptions rather than their justifications. I also argue that the novel's perpetrators rely upon archetypical "rapist" and "criminal" constructs, resulting in an inability for them to ever accurately address their own crimes, despite Coetzee's descriptive parallels. Ultimately, I read Disgrace as suggesting that there can be no resolution for violence so long as these mythical archetypes persist.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3360783
- Subject Headings
- Criticism and interpretation, Rape, Psychological aspects, Animal welfare, Psychological aspects, Violent crimes, Psychological aspects, Women, Violence against
- Format
- Document (PDF)
