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Title: Geographic Routing Reliability Enhancement in Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.
Creator: Alzamzami, Ohoud, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have the potential to enable various kinds of applications aiming at improving road safety and transportation efficiency. These applications require uni-cast routing, which remains a significant challenge due to VANETs characteristics. Given VANET dynamic topology, geographic routing protocols are considered the most suitable for such network due to their scalability and low overhead. However, the optimal selection of next-hop nodes in geographic routing is...
Show moreVehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have the potential to enable various kinds of applications aiming at improving road safety and transportation efficiency. These applications require uni-cast routing, which remains a significant challenge due to VANETs characteristics. Given VANET dynamic topology, geographic routing protocols are considered the most suitable for such network due to their scalability and low overhead. However, the optimal selection of next-hop nodes in geographic routing is a challenging problem where the routing performance is highly affected by the variable link quality and bandwidth availability. In this dissertation, a number of enhancements to improve geographic routing reliability in VANETs are proposed. To minimize packet losses, the direction and link quality of next-hop nodes using the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) are considered to select links with low loss ratios. To consider the available bandwidth, a cross-layer enchantment of geographic routing, which can select more reliable links and quickly react to varying nodes load and channel conditions, is proposed. We present a novel model of the dynamic behavior of a wireless link. It considers the loss ratio on a link, in addition to transmission and queuing delays, and it takes into account the physical interference e ect on the link. Then, a novel geographic routing protocol based on fuzzy logic systems, which help in coordinating di erent contradicting metrics, is proposed. Multiple metrics related to vehicles' position, direction, link quality and achievable throughput are combined using fuzzy rules in order to select the more reliable next-hop nodes for packet forwarding. Finally, we propose a novel link utility aware geographic routing protocol, which extends the local view of the network topology using two-hop neighbor information. We present our model of link utility, which measures the usefulness of a two-hop neighbor link by considering its minimum residual bandwidth and packet loss rate. The proposed protocol can react appropriately to increased network tra c and to frequent topology dis-connectivity in VANETs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed protocols, extensive simulation experiments are performed using network and urban mobility simulation tools. Results confirm the advantages of the proposed schemes in increased traffic loads and network density.
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Date Issued: 2018
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013037
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks), Traffic safety, Routing protocols (Computer network protocols), Fuzzy logic
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Smart Adaptive Beaconing Schemes for VANET.
Creator: Alhameed, Mohammed, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is a wireless ad-hoc network that includes two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). In VANET there are two types of messages. The first type is the event-driven messages that are only triggered in case of emergency. The second type is the periodical messages named beacons that are exchanged frequently between vehicles. A beacon message contains basic information about the sending vehicle such as id, location...
Show moreVehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is a wireless ad-hoc network that includes two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). In VANET there are two types of messages. The first type is the event-driven messages that are only triggered in case of emergency. The second type is the periodical messages named beacons that are exchanged frequently between vehicles. A beacon message contains basic information about the sending vehicle such as id, location and velocity. Beacons are frequently exchanged to increase the cooperative awareness between vehicles. Increasing beacon frequency helps increasing neighborhood awareness and improving information accuracy. However, this causes more congestion in the network, specially when the number of vehicles increases. On the other hand, reducing beacon frequency alleviates network congestion, but results in out-dated information. In this dissertation, we address the aforementioned challenges and propose a number of smart beaconing protocols and evaluate their performance in di↵erent environments and network densities. The four adaptive beaconing protocols are designed to increase the cooperative awareness and information freshness, while alleviating the network congestion. All the proposed protocols take into account the most important aspects, which are critical to beaconing rate adaptation. These aspects include channel status, traffic conditions and link quality. The proposed protocols employ fuzzy logic-based techniques to determine the congestion rank, which is used to adjust beacon frequency. The first protocol considers signal to interference-noise ratio (SINR), number of neighboring nodes and mobility to determine the congestion rank and adjust the beacon rate accordingly. This protocol works well in sparse conditions and highway environments. The second protocol works well in sparse conditions and urban environments. It uses channel busy time (CBT), mobility and packet delivery ratio (PDR) to determine the congestion rank and adjust the beacon rate. The third protocol utilizes CBT, SINR, PDR, number of neighbors and mobility as inputs for the fuzzy logic system to determine the congestion rank and adjust the beacon rate. This protocol works well in dense conditions in both highway and urban environments. Through extensive simulation experiments, we established that certain input parameters are more e↵ective in beacon rate adaptation for certain environments and conditions. Based on this, we propose a high awareness and channel efficient scheme that adapts to di↵erent environments and conditions. First, the protocol estimates the network density using adaptive threshold function. Then, it looks at the spatial distribution of nodes using the quadrat method to determine whether the environment is highway or urban. Based on the density conditions and nodes distribution, the protocol utilizes the appropriate fuzzy input parameters to adapt the beaconing rate. In addition, the protocol optimizes the performance by adapting the transmission power based on network density and nodes distribution. Finally, an investigation of the impact of adaptive beaconing on broadcasting is conducted. The simulation results confirm that our adaptive beaconing scheme can improve performance of the broadcast protocols in terms of reachability and bandwidth consumption when compared to a fixed rate scheme.
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Date Issued: 2018
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013112
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks), Beacons, Fuzzy logic, Adaptive computing systems
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Real-time traffic incidents prediction in vehicular networks using big data analytics.
Creator: Al-Najada, Hamzah, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: The United States has been going through a road accident crisis for many years. The National Safety Council estimates 40,000 people were killed and 4.57 million injured on U.S. roads in 2017. Direct and indirect loss from tra c congestion only is more than $140 billion every year. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are envisioned as the future of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). They have a great potential to enable all kinds of applications that will enhance road safety and...
Show moreThe United States has been going through a road accident crisis for many years. The National Safety Council estimates 40,000 people were killed and 4.57 million injured on U.S. roads in 2017. Direct and indirect loss from tra c congestion only is more than $140 billion every year. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are envisioned as the future of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). They have a great potential to enable all kinds of applications that will enhance road safety and transportation efficiency. In this dissertation, we have aggregated seven years of real-life tra c and incidents data, obtained from the Florida Department of Transportation District 4. We have studied and investigated the causes of road incidents by applying machine learning approaches to this aggregated big dataset. A scalable, reliable, and automatic system for predicting road incidents is an integral part of any e ective ITS. For this purpose, we propose a cloud-based system for VANET that aims at preventing or at least decreasing tra c congestions as well as crashes in real-time. We have created, tested, and validated a VANET traffic dataset by applying the connected vehicle behavioral changes to our aggregated dataset. To achieve the scalability, speed, and fault-tolerance in our developed system, we built our system in a lambda architecture fashion using Apache Spark and Spark Streaming with Kafka. We used our system in creating optimal and safe trajectories for autonomous vehicles based on the user preferences. We extended the use of our developed system in predicting the clearance time on the highway in real-time, as an important component of the traffic incident management system. We implemented the time series analysis and forecasting in our real-time system as a component for predicting traffic flow. Our system can be applied to use dedicated short communication (DSRC), cellular, or hybrid communication schema to receive streaming data and send back the safety messages. The performance of the proposed system has been extensively tested on the FAUs High Performance Computing Cluster (HPCC), as well as on a single node virtual machine. Results and findings confirm the applicability of the proposed system in predicting traffic incidents with low processing latency.
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Date Issued: 2018
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013114
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks), Big data, Intelligent transportation systems, Prediction, traffic incidents
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Context-aware hybrid data dissemination in vehicular networks.
Creator: Rathod, Monika M., Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This work presents the development of the Context-Aware Hybrid Data Dissemination protocol for vehicular networks. The importance of developing vehicular networking data dissemination protocols is exemplified by the recent announcement by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology. With emphasis on safety, other useful applications of V2V communication include but are not...
Show moreThis work presents the development of the Context-Aware Hybrid Data Dissemination protocol for vehicular networks. The importance of developing vehicular networking data dissemination protocols is exemplified by the recent announcement by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology. With emphasis on safety, other useful applications of V2V communication include but are not limited to traffic and routing, weather, construction and road hazard alerts, as well as advertisement and entertainment. The core of V2V communication relies on the efficient dispersion of relevant data through wireless broadcast protocols for these varied applications. The challenges of vehicular networks demand an adaptive broadcast protocol capable of handling diverse applications. This research work illustrates the design of a wireless broadcast protocol that is context-aware and adaptive to vehicular environments taking into consideration vehicle density, road topology, and type of data to be disseminated. The context-aware hybrid data dissemination scheme combines store-and-forward and multi-hop broadcasts, capitalizing on the strengths of both these categories and mitigates the weaknesses to deliver data with maximum efficiency to a widest possible reach. This protocol is designed to work in both urban and highway mobility models. The behavior and performance of the hybrid data dissemination scheme is studied by varying the broadcast zone radius, aggregation ratio, data message size and frequency of the broadcast messages. Optimal parameters are determined and the protocol is then formulated to become adaptive to node density by keeping the field size constant and increasing the number of nodes. Adding message priority levels to propagate safety messages faster and farther than non-safety related messages is the next context we add to our adaptive protocol. We dynamically set the broadcast region to use multi-hop which has lower latency to propagate safety-related messages. Extensive simulation results have been obtained using realistic vehicular network scenarios. Results show that Context-Aware Hybrid Data Dissemination Protocol benefits from the low latency characteristics of multi-hop broadcast and low bandwidth consumption of store-and-forward. The protocol is adaptive to both urban and highway mobility models.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004152, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004152
Subject Headings: Context aware computing, Convergence (Telecommunication), Intelligent transportation systems, Internetworking (Telecommunication), Routing (Computer network management), Routing protocols (Computer network protocols), Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Statistical broadcast protocol design for VANET.
Creator: Slavik, Michael J., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This work presents the development of the Statistical Location-Assisted Broadcast (SLAB) protocol, a multi-hop wireless broadcast protocol designed for vehicular ad-hoc networking (VANET). Vehicular networking is an important emerging application of wireless communications. Data dissemination applications using VANET promote the ability for vehicles to share information with each other and the wide-area network with the goal of improving navigation, fuel consumption, public safety, and...
Show moreThis work presents the development of the Statistical Location-Assisted Broadcast (SLAB) protocol, a multi-hop wireless broadcast protocol designed for vehicular ad-hoc networking (VANET). Vehicular networking is an important emerging application of wireless communications. Data dissemination applications using VANET promote the ability for vehicles to share information with each other and the wide-area network with the goal of improving navigation, fuel consumption, public safety, and entertainment. A critical component of these data dissemination schemes is the multi-hop wireless broadcast protocol. Multi-hop broadcast protocols for these schemes must reliably deliver broadcast packets to vehicles in a geographically bounded region while consuming as little wireless bandwidth as possible. This work contains substantial research results related to development of multi-hop broadcast protocols for VANET, culminating in the design of SLAB. Many preliminary research and development efforts have been required to arrive at SLAB. First, a high-level wireless broadcast simulation tool called WiBDAT is developed. Next, a manual optimization procedure is proposed to create efficient threshold functions for statistical broadcast protocols. This procedure is then employed to design the Distribution-Adaptive Distance with Channel Quality (DADCQ) broadcast protocol, a preliminary cousin of SLAB. DADCQ is highly adaptive to node density, node spatial distribution pattern, and wireless channel quality in realistic VANET scenarios. However, the manual design process used to create DADCQ has a few deficiencies. In response to these problems, an automated design procedure is created that uses a black-box global optimization algorithm to search for efficient threshold functions that are evaluated using WiBDAT. SLAB is finally designed using this procedure., Expansive simulation results are presented comparing the performance of SLAB to two well-published VANET broadcast protocols, p -persistence and Advanced Adaptive Gossip (AAG), and to DADCQ. The four protocols are evaluated under varying node density and speed on five different road topologies with varying wireless channel fading conditions. The results demonstrate that unlike p-persistence and AAG, SLAB performs well across a very broad range of environmental conditions. Compared to its cousin protocol DADCQ, SLAB achieves similar reachability while using around 30% less wireless bandwidth, highlighting the improvement in the automated design methodology over the manual design.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3172947
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad-hoc networks (Computer networks), Design and construction, Vehicular ad-hoc networks (Computer networks), Technological innovations, Wireless communication systems, Technological innovations, Wireless communication systems, Security measures, Mobile communication systems, Evaluation
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Traffic congestion detection using VANET.
Creator: Padron, Francisco M., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: We propose a distributed, collaborative traffic congestion detection and dissemination system using VANET that makes efficient use of the communication channel, maintains location privacy, and provides drivers with real-time information on traffic congestions over long distances. The system uses vehicles themselves, equipped with simple inexpensive devices, as gatherers and distributors of information without the need for costly road infrastructure such as sensors, cameras or external...
Show moreWe propose a distributed, collaborative traffic congestion detection and dissemination system using VANET that makes efficient use of the communication channel, maintains location privacy, and provides drivers with real-time information on traffic congestions over long distances. The system uses vehicles themselves, equipped with simple inexpensive devices, as gatherers and distributors of information without the need for costly road infrastructure such as sensors, cameras or external communication equipment. Additionally, we present a flexible simulation and visualization framework we designed and developed to validate our system by showing its effectiveness in multiple scenarios and to aid in the research and development of this and future VANET applications.
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Date Issued: 2009
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186684
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad-hoc networks (Computer networks), Traffic congestion, Mathematical models, Mobile communication systems, Evaluation, Traffic congestion, Prevention
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An Ant Inspired Dynamic Traffic Assignment for VANETs: Early Notification of Traffic Congestion and Traffic Incidents.
Creator: Arellano, Wilmer, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are a subclass of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks and represent a relatively new and very active field of research. VANETs will enable in the near future applications that will dramatically improve roadway safety and traffic efficiency. There is a need to increase traffic efficiency as the gap between the traveled and the physical lane miles keeps increasing. The Dynamic Traffic Assignment problem tries to dynamically distribute vehicles efficiently on the road...
Show moreVehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are a subclass of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks and represent a relatively new and very active field of research. VANETs will enable in the near future applications that will dramatically improve roadway safety and traffic efficiency. There is a need to increase traffic efficiency as the gap between the traveled and the physical lane miles keeps increasing. The Dynamic Traffic Assignment problem tries to dynamically distribute vehicles efficiently on the road network and in accordance with their origins and destinations. We present a novel dynamic decentralized and infrastructure-less algorithm to alleviate traffic congestions on road networks and to fill the void left by current algorithms which are either static, centralized, or require infrastructure. The algorithm follows an online approach that seeks stochastic user equilibrium and assigns traffic as it evolves in real time, without prior knowledge of the traffic demand or the schedule of the cars that will enter the road network in the future. The Reverse Online Algorithm for the Dynamic Traffic Assignment inspired by Ant Colony Optimization for VANETs follows a metaheuristic approach that uses reports from other vehicles to update the vehicle’s perceived view of the road network and change route if necessary. To alleviate the broadcast storm spontaneous clusters are created around traffic incidents and a threshold system based on the level of congestion is used to limit the number of incidents to be reported. Simulation results for the algorithm show a great improvement on travel time over routing based on shortest distance. As the VANET transceivers have a limited range, that would limit messages to reach at most 1,000 meters, we present a modified version of this algorithm that uses a rebroadcasting scheme. This rebroadcasting scheme has been successfully tested on roadways with segments of up to 4,000 meters. This is accomplished for the case of traffic flowing in a single direction on the roads. It is anticipated that future simulations will show further improvement when traffic in the other direction is introduced and vehicles travelling in that direction are allowed to use a store carry and forward mechanism.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004566, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004566
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Technological innovations., Routing protocols (Computer network protocols), Artificial intelligence., Intelligent transportation systems., Intelligent control systems., Mobile computing., Computer algorithms., Combinatorial optimization.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An implementation of the IEEE 1609.4 wave standard for use in a vehicular networking testbed.
Creator: Kuffermann, Kyle, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: We present an implementation of the IEEE WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) 1609.4 standard, Multichannel Operation. This implementation provides concurrent access to a control channel and one or more service channels, enabling vehicles to communicate among each other on multiple service channels while still being able to receive urgent and control information on the control channel. Also included is functionality that provides over-the-air timing synchronization, allowing...
Show moreWe present an implementation of the IEEE WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) 1609.4 standard, Multichannel Operation. This implementation provides concurrent access to a control channel and one or more service channels, enabling vehicles to communicate among each other on multiple service channels while still being able to receive urgent and control information on the control channel. Also included is functionality that provides over-the-air timing synchronization, allowing participation in alternating channel access in the absence of a reliable time source. Our implementation runs on embedded Linux and is built on top of IEEE 802.11p, as well as a customized device driver. This implementation will serve as a key compo- nent in our IEEE 1609-compliant Vehicular Multi-technology Communication Device (VMCD) that is being developed for a VANET testbed under the Smart Drive initiative, supported by the National Science Foundation.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004299, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004299
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)., Wireless sensor networks., Wireless communication systems., Wireless LANs., Linux., Expert systems (Computer science), Operating systems (Computers)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle Weighted Localization in Vehicular Networks.
Creator: Altoaimy, Lina, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) supports wireless communication among vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and between vehicles and infrastructure using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. This communication can be utilized to allow the distribution of safety and non-safety messages in the network. VANET supports a wide range of applications which rely on the messages exchanged within the network. Such applications will enhance the drivers' consciousness and...
Show moreVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) supports wireless communication among vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and between vehicles and infrastructure using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. This communication can be utilized to allow the distribution of safety and non-safety messages in the network. VANET supports a wide range of applications which rely on the messages exchanged within the network. Such applications will enhance the drivers' consciousness and improve their driving experience. However, the efficiency of these applications depends on the availability of vehicles real-time location information. A number of methods have been proposed to fulfill this requirement. However, designing a V2V-based localization method is challenged by the high mobility and dynamic topology of VANET and the interference noise due to objects and buildings. Currently, vehicle localization is based on GPS technology, which is not always reliable. Therefore, utilizing V2V communication in VANET can enhance the GPS positioning. With V2V-based localization, vehicles can determine their locations by exchanging mobility data among neighboring vehicles. In this research work, we address the above challenges and design a realistic V2V-based localization method that extends the centroid localization (CL) by assigning a weight value to each neighboring vehicle. This weight value is obtained using a weighting function that utilizes the following factors: 1) link quality distance between the neighboring vehicles 2) heading information and 3) map information. We also use fuzzy logic to model neighboring vehicles' weight values. Due to the sensitivity and importance of the exchanged information, it is very critical to ensure its integrity and reliability. Therefore, in this work, we present the design and the integration of a mobility data verification component into the proposed localization method, so that only verified data from trusted neighboring vehicles are considered. We also use subjective logic to design a trust management system to evaluate the trustworthiness of neighboring vehicles based on the formulated subjective opinions. Extensive experimental work is conducted using simulation programs to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The results show improvement on the location accuracy for varying vehicle densities and transmission ranges as well as in the presence of malicious/untrusted neighboring vehicles.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004564, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004564
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Mathematical models., Computer communication systems., Wireless communication systems., Routing (Computer network management), Intelligent transportation systems., Intelligent control systems.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Implementation of the IEEE 1609.2 WAVE Security Services Standard.
Creator: Mandy, Chad Christopher Jr., Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This work presents the implementation of the the IEEE 1609.2 WAVE Security Services Standard. This implementation provides the ability to generate a message signature, along with the capability to verify that signature for wave short messages transmitted over an unsecured medium. Only the original sender of the message can sign it, allowing for the authentication of a message to be checked. As hashing is used during the generation and verification of signatures, message integrity can be...
Show moreThis work presents the implementation of the the IEEE 1609.2 WAVE Security Services Standard. This implementation provides the ability to generate a message signature, along with the capability to verify that signature for wave short messages transmitted over an unsecured medium. Only the original sender of the message can sign it, allowing for the authentication of a message to be checked. As hashing is used during the generation and verification of signatures, message integrity can be verified because a failed signature verification is a result of a compromised message. Also provided is the ability to encrypt and decrypt messages using AES-CCM to ensure that sensitive information remains safe and secure from unwanted recipients. Additionally this implementation provides a way for the 1609.2 specific data types to be encoded and decoded for ease of message transmittance. This implementation was built to support the Smart Drive initiative’s VANET testbed, supported by the National Science Foundation and is intended to run on the Vehicular Multi-technology Communication Device (VMCD) that is being developed. The VMCD runs on the embedded Linux operating system and this implementation will reside inside of the Linux kernel.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004693, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004693
Subject Headings: Application software -- Security measures, Expert systems (Computer science), Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks), Wireless LANs, Wireless communication systems -- Security measures, Wireless sensor networks
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Adaptive Routing Protocols for VANET.
Creator: Skiles, Joanne, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless ad-hoc network that provides communications among vehicles with on-board units and between vehicles and nearby roadside units. The success of a VANET relies on the ability of a routing protocol to ful ll the throughput and delivery requirements of any applications operating on the network. Currently, most of the proposed VANET routing protocols focus on urban or highway environments. This dissertation addresses the need for an adaptive routing...
Show moreA Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless ad-hoc network that provides communications among vehicles with on-board units and between vehicles and nearby roadside units. The success of a VANET relies on the ability of a routing protocol to ful ll the throughput and delivery requirements of any applications operating on the network. Currently, most of the proposed VANET routing protocols focus on urban or highway environments. This dissertation addresses the need for an adaptive routing protocol in VANETs which is able to tolerate low and high-density network tra c with little throughput and delay variation. This dissertation proposes three Geographic Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (GEOADV) protocols. These three GEOADV routing protocols are designed to address the lack of exibility and adaptability in current VANET routing protocols. The rst protocol, GEOADV, is a hybrid geographic routing protocol. The second protocol, GEOADV-P, enhances GEOADV by introducing predictive features. The third protocol, GEOADV-PF improves optimal route selection by utilizing fuzzy logic in addition to GEOADV-P's predictive capabilities. To prove that GEOADV and GEOADV-P are adaptive their performance is demonstrated by both urban and highway simulations. When compared to existing routing protocols, GEOADV and GEOADV-P lead to less average delay and a higher average delivery ratio in various scenarios. These advantages allow GEOADV- P to outperform other routing protocols in low-density networks and prove itself to be an adaptive routing protocol in a VANET environment. GEOADV-PF is introduced to improve GEOADV and GEOADV-P performance in sparser networks. The introduction of fuzzy systems can help with the intrinsic demands for exibility and adaptability necessary for VANETs. An investigation into the impact adaptive beaconing has on the GEOADV protocol is conducted. GEOADV enhanced with an adaptive beacon method is compared against GEOADV with three xed beacon rates. Our simulation results show that the adaptive beaconing scheme is able to reduce routing overhead, increase the average delivery ratio, and decrease the average delay.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004926, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004926
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Design and construction., Routing protocols (Computer network protocols), Wireless sensor networks., Computer algorithms., Mobile computing., Mobile communication systems--Technological innovations., Wireless communication systems--Technological innovations., Intelligent transportation systems--Mathematical models.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Smart Broadcast Protocol Design For Vehicular Ad hoc Networks.
Creator: Limouchi, Elnaz, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Multi-hop broadcast is one of the main approaches to disseminate data in VANET. Therefore, it is important to design a reliable multi-hop broadcast protocol, which satis es both reachability and bandwidth consumption requirements. In a dense network, where vehicles are very close to each other, the number of vehicles needed to rebroadcast the message should be small enough to avoid a broad- cast storm, but large enough to meet the reachability requirement. If the network is sparse, a higher...
Show moreMulti-hop broadcast is one of the main approaches to disseminate data in VANET. Therefore, it is important to design a reliable multi-hop broadcast protocol, which satis es both reachability and bandwidth consumption requirements. In a dense network, where vehicles are very close to each other, the number of vehicles needed to rebroadcast the message should be small enough to avoid a broad- cast storm, but large enough to meet the reachability requirement. If the network is sparse, a higher number of vehicles is needed to retransmit to provide a higher reachability level. So, it is obvious that there is a tradeo between reachability and bandwidth consumption. In this work, considering the above mentioned challenges, we design a number of smart broadcast protocols and evaluate their performance in various network den- sity scenarios. We use fuzzy logic technique to determine the quali cation of vehicles to be forwarders, resulting in reachability enhancement. Then we design a band- width e cient fuzzy logic-assisted broadcast protocol which aggressively suppresses the number of retransmissions. We also propose an intelligent hybrid protocol adapts to local network density. In order to avoid packet collisions and enhance reachability, we design a cross layer statistical broadcast protocol, in which the contention window size is adjusted based on the local density information. We look into the multi-hop broadcast problem with an environment based on game theory. In this scenario, vehicles are players and their strategy is either to volunteer and rebroadcast the received message or defect and wait for others to rebroadcast. We introduce a volunteer dilemma game inspired broadcast scheme to estimate the probability of forwarding for the set of potential forwarding vehicles. In this scheme we also introduce a fuzzy logic-based contention window size adjustment system. Finally, based on the estimated spatial distribution of vehicles, we design a transmission range adaptive scheme with a fuzzy logic-assisted contention window size system, in which a bloom lter method is used to mitigate overhead. Extensive experimental work is obtained using simulation tools to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The results con rm the relative advantages of the proposed protocols for di erent density scenarios.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004902, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004902
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Design and construction., Mobile communication systems., Wireless communication systems--Technological innovations., Wireless sensor networks., Routing protocols (Computer network protocols), Computer algorithms.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Implementations Of The DTM, DADCQ And SLAB VANET Broadcast Protocols For The Ns-3 Simulator.
Creator: Alwakeel, Ahmed M., Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This work presents the implementations of three adaptive broadcast protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) using the Network Simulator 3 (Ns-3). Performing real life tests for VANET protocols is very costly and risky, so simulation becomes a viable alternative technique. Ns-3 is one of the most advanced open source network simulators. Yet Ns-3 lacks implementations of broadcast protocols for VANET. We first implement the Distance to Mean (DTM) protocol, which uses the distance to mean...
Show moreThis work presents the implementations of three adaptive broadcast protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) using the Network Simulator 3 (Ns-3). Performing real life tests for VANET protocols is very costly and risky, so simulation becomes a viable alternative technique. Ns-3 is one of the most advanced open source network simulators. Yet Ns-3 lacks implementations of broadcast protocols for VANET. We first implement the Distance to Mean (DTM) protocol, which uses the distance to mean to determine if a node should rebroadcast or not. We then implement the Distribution-Adaptive Distance with Channel Quality (DADCQ) protocol, which uses node distribution, channel quality and distance to determine if a node should favor rebroadcasting. The third protocol, Statistical Location-Assisted Broadcast protocol (SLAB), is an improvement of DADCQ which automates the threshold function design using machine learning. Our NS-3 implementations of the three protocols have been validated against their JiST/SWANS implementations.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004565, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004565
Subject Headings: Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Technological innovations., Wireless communication systems--Technological innovations., Mobile communication systems--Technological innovations., Mobile computing., Intelligent transportation systems--Mathematical models., Routing protocols (Computer network protocols)
Format: Document (PDF)

Routing protocols (Computer network protocols) (6)	+ -
Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks) (5)	+ -
Computer algorithms. (3)	+ -
Mobile computing. (3)	+ -
Wireless communication systems--Technological innovations. (3)	+ -

Wireless sensor networks. (3)	+ -
Evaluation (2)	+ -
Expert systems (Computer science) (2)	+ -
Fuzzy logic (2)	+ -
Intelligent control systems. (2)	+ -
Intelligent transportation systems (2)	+ -
Intelligent transportation systems--Mathematical models. (2)	+ -
Intelligent transportation systems. (2)	+ -
Mobile communication systems (2)	+ -
Mobile communication systems--Technological innovations. (2)	+ -
Routing (Computer network management) (2)	+ -
Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Design and construction. (2)	+ -
Vehicular ad hoc networks (Computer networks)--Technological innovations. (2)	+ -
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (Computer networks) (2)	+ -
Wireless communication systems. (2)	+ -
Adaptive computing systems (1)	+ -
Application software -- Security measures (1)	+ -
Artificial intelligence. (1)	+ -
Beacons (1)	+ -
Big data (1)	+ -
Combinatorial optimization. (1)	+ -
Computer communication systems. (1)	+ -
Context aware computing (1)	+ -
Convergence (Telecommunication) (1)	+ -
Design and construction (1)	+ -

College of Engineering and Computer Science (13)	+ -
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (13)	+ -
Florida Atlantic University (11)	+ -
Mahgoub, Imad (11)	+ -
Al-Najada, Hamzah (1)	+ -

Alhameed, Mohammed (1)	+ -
Altoaimy, Lina (1)	+ -
Alwakeel, Ahmed M. (1)	+ -
Alzamzami, Ohoud (1)	+ -
Arellano, Wilmer (1)	+ -
Kuffermann, Kyle (1)	+ -
Limouchi, Elnaz (1)	+ -
Mandy, Chad Christopher Jr. (1)	+ -
Padron, Francisco M. (1)	+ -
Rathod, Monika M. (1)	+ -
Skiles, Joanne (1)	+ -
Slavik, Michael J. (1)	+ -

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