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Title: THE EFFECTS OF ELABORATION AND DISTANCE ON THE RETRIEVAL OF TEXT.
Creator: MCCANDLESS, KATHY LEE, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Two experiments are presented that examined the manner in which antecedents are retrieved from memory. In Experiment 1, subjects read passages containing two antecedents, with one appearing early in a passage and one appearing late. In addition, one of the antecedents was mentioned briefly while the other was elaborated on in much greater detail. The last line of each passage required reinstatement of either the early or late antecedent. Following reinstatement, subjects were required to name...
Show moreTwo experiments are presented that examined the manner in which antecedents are retrieved from memory. In Experiment 1, subjects read passages containing two antecedents, with one appearing early in a passage and one appearing late. In addition, one of the antecedents was mentioned briefly while the other was elaborated on in much greater detail. The last line of each passage required reinstatement of either the early or late antecedent. Following reinstatement, subjects were required to name either the early or the late antecedent. Reading time results showed that search time was a function of both recency and elaboration with late antecedents retrieved more quickly than early antecedents and elaborated antecedents retrieved more quickly than nonelaborated antecedents. Naming times confirmed that subjects were performing the required reinstatement; reinstated antecedents were named faster than nonreinstated antecedents. Experiment 2 demonstrated that there was no difference in the activation level of either antecedent prior to reinstatement. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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Date Issued: 1987
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14385
Subject Headings: Memory transfer, Learning, Psychology of
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition.
Creator: Royal, Jackson W., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Ten male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing...
Show moreTen male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing for transposttlon wtth non-reinforced trials, contrary to the usual method, a tendency toward converging measures of transposltton was achteved. Transposition for Group 8-D, In the situation most dissimilar to training, was greater than for 8-C. These results were discussed from relational or Gestalt, Spence model, and Adaptation Level positions and It was shown that the results are contrary to traditional Gestalt predictions. It was oredlcted that, according to underlying assumptions of the Spence model, with continued non-reinforced trials, per cent of transposition for both groups would decrease until a chance level of responding was reached. That this did not occur cannot be explained by the Spence model. Because the variability was too great with such a small N, these results did not reach the .05 level of probability.
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Date Issued: 1968
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012596
Subject Headings: Transfer of training, Discrimination learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The influrence of language on recognition memory for motion.
Creator: Karaman, Ferhat., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Satellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages differ in how they encode motion events. English encodes or lexicalizes Path in verb particles, prepositional phrases, or satellites associated with the main verb. In contrast, Turkish tends to encode Path in the main verb of a clause. When describing motion events, English speakers typically use verbs that convey information about manner rather than path, whereas Turkish speakers do the opposite. In this study, we investigated whether this...
Show moreSatellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages differ in how they encode motion events. English encodes or lexicalizes Path in verb particles, prepositional phrases, or satellites associated with the main verb. In contrast, Turkish tends to encode Path in the main verb of a clause. When describing motion events, English speakers typically use verbs that convey information about manner rather than path, whereas Turkish speakers do the opposite. In this study, we investigated whether this crosslinguistic difference between English and Turkish influences how the speakers of these languages perform in a non-linguistic recognition memory task. In a video description task, English speakers used more manner verbs in the main verb of sentences than Turkish speakers did. In the recognition memory task, English speakers attended more strongly than Turkish speakers did to path of motion. English and Turkish speakers attended equally to manner of motion, however, providing no support for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362478
Subject Headings: Psycholinguistics, Computational neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Context effects (Psychology), Transference (Psychology), Motion segmentation
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The influence of motion type on memory of simple events.
Creator: Berger, Johanna D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This experiment investigated an individual's memory of specific motion events, unique actor, intrinsic motion, and extrinsic motion combination. Intrinsic motions involve the movement of an individual's body parts in a specific manner to move around, while extrinsic motions specify a path in reference to an external object. Participants viewed video clips, each depicting an actor performing a unique extrinsic and intrinsic motion combination. One week later, they viewed a different series of...
Show moreThis experiment investigated an individual's memory of specific motion events, unique actor, intrinsic motion, and extrinsic motion combination. Intrinsic motions involve the movement of an individual's body parts in a specific manner to move around, while extrinsic motions specify a path in reference to an external object. Participants viewed video clips, each depicting an actor performing a unique extrinsic and intrinsic motion combination. One week later, they viewed a different series of retrieval video clips consisting of old (identical to encoding), extrinsic conjunction (extrinsic motion previously performed by different actor), intrinsic conjunction (intrinsic motion previously performed by different actor), and new (novel extrinsic or intrinsic motion) video clips. Participants responded "yes" to viewing the old video clips the most often, followed by conjunction video clips, and then new video clips. Furthermore, there were a greater number of "yes" event memory recognition responses for extrinsic conjunction items than intrinsic conjunction items.
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Date Issued: 2009
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186673
Subject Headings: Recollection (Psychology), Context effects (Psychology), Memory, Research, Human information processing, Research, Transference (Psychology), Motion segmentation
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Own-age bias and memory for events.
Creator: Boutté, Danielle L., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description: Event memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown...
Show moreEvent memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown that older adults are more likely to make these errors. This study aims to look more closely at the effects of own-age bias on face recognition and conjunction errors made in memory for events. Younger adults were tested on their memory for both younger and older adults seen performing simple actions in video clips as well as in "mug shot" photograph tests.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77658
Subject Headings: Transference (Psychology), Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Face perception, Eyewitness identification, Age factors
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Effects of Age on Children's Binding of Actors With Actions.
Creator: Spirgel, Arie, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: In the current experiment, a group of 10-year-olds and a group of young adults watched a series of short video clips of different women performing different actions. One week later, participants were tested on their ability to discriminate the old videos from distracter videos, which included new actor/old action videos, new action/old actor videos, novel combinations of familiar actors and actions, as well as entirely new videos. The results provide evidence that the ability to accurately...
Show moreIn the current experiment, a group of 10-year-olds and a group of young adults watched a series of short video clips of different women performing different actions. One week later, participants were tested on their ability to discriminate the old videos from distracter videos, which included new actor/old action videos, new action/old actor videos, novel combinations of familiar actors and actions, as well as entirely new videos. The results provide evidence that the ability to accurately bind actors with their actions reaches adult levels by age 10. The results are discussed in terms of the brain areas involved in memory binding tasks, as well as implications for various areas of study within forensic psychology, particularly unconscious transference.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000836
Subject Headings: Transference (Psychology), Cognition--Age factors, Memory--Age factors, Recognition (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Is age really just a number?: neuropsychological predictors of eyewitness memory errors.
Creator: Tsikis, Tina, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description: Two separate groups of young and middle-aged adults watched videos of events being performed by a number of different college-aged females. Both the young goup of adults and the middle-aged group of adults were later tested on their memory for both the individual features of these events (i.e., actors and actions), and for conjunctions of features (i.e., which actor performed which action) in order to determine how likely they were to remember which actors performed which actions. Our results...
Show moreTwo separate groups of young and middle-aged adults watched videos of events being performed by a number of different college-aged females. Both the young goup of adults and the middle-aged group of adults were later tested on their memory for both the individual features of these events (i.e., actors and actions), and for conjunctions of features (i.e., which actor performed which action) in order to determine how likely they were to remember which actors performed which actions. Our results showed that frontal lobe functioning is not affected with age. However, there is a slight decrease in medial temporal functioning that continues on throughout life. There was a main effect of Question, Item Type, and Age Group explained through a three-way ANOVA. Binding errors increase with age because specific areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, deteriorate with age.
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Date Issued: 2012
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359329, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT3359329
Subject Headings: Aging, Psychological aspects, Memory, Age factors, Eyewitness identification, Age factors, Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Transference (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The Effect of Bilingualism and Aging on Inhibitory Control.
Creator: Salvatierra, Judy Lee, Florida Atlantic University, Rosselli, Monica, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Recent studies have suggested that bilingualism may provide an advantage to older adults on inhibitory control and have a positive effect on some cognitive declines seen in normal aging. This study examined the effects of bilingualism on inhibitory control using a Simon task and a Stroop task on a heterogeneous sample of bilinguals whose level of proficiency on each of their two languages varied widely. Comparison of performances between younger and older monolingual and bilingual...
Show moreRecent studies have suggested that bilingualism may provide an advantage to older adults on inhibitory control and have a positive effect on some cognitive declines seen in normal aging. This study examined the effects of bilingualism on inhibitory control using a Simon task and a Stroop task on a heterogeneous sample of bilinguals whose level of proficiency on each of their two languages varied widely. Comparison of performances between younger and older monolingual and bilingual participants revealed a bilingual advantage on the Simon task. Results support the view that bilingualism increases skills that are associated with selective attention. Additionally, older bilingual adults performed as well as younger bilingual adults suggesting they are not experiencing the age-related declines in the efficiency of inhibitory processes observed in the older monolingual adults. However, a bilingual advantage was not observed on the Stroop task indicating that the advantage may depend on the nature of the distracting stimulus. Bilinguals may be better equipped than monolinguals at inhibiting misleading spatial information but not at inhibiting misleading linguistic information. The performance of balanced and non-balanced bilinguals was similar under both Simon and Stroop tasks suggesting that language level proficiency does not play a role in providing an advantage.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000877
Subject Headings: Language acquisition--Age factors, Cognition, Psycholinguistics, Bilingualism--Psychological aspects, Language transfer (Language learning)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Mathematical model of the dynamics of psychotherapy.
Creator: Norman, Michael D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description: This is a novel attempt to produce a rigorous mathematical model of a complex system. The complex system under study is the relationship between therapists and their clients. The success of psychotherapy depends on the nature of the relationship between a therapist and a client. We use dynamical systems theory to model the dynamics of the emotional interaction between a therapist and client. We determine how the therapeutic endpoint and the dynamics of getting there depend on the parameters...
Show moreThis is a novel attempt to produce a rigorous mathematical model of a complex system. The complex system under study is the relationship between therapists and their clients. The success of psychotherapy depends on the nature of the relationship between a therapist and a client. We use dynamical systems theory to model the dynamics of the emotional interaction between a therapist and client. We determine how the therapeutic endpoint and the dynamics of getting there depend on the parameters of the model. ... We describe the emotional state of both the therapist and client with coupled, first order, nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE's). The rate of change of the emotional state of the therapist and client is proportional to their previous state, their uninfluenced state when alone, and an influence function which depends on the state of the other person. We formulated influence functions based on the research literature on psychotherapy and the therapeutic alliance. We then determined the critical points from the intersection of the nullclines and used a numerical ODE solver (Matlab ODE113) to compute the trajectories from different initial conditions. ... The results validate this prototypical approach to psychotherapy ; we have shown that human interaction (in the context of psychotherapy) can be quantified and modeled using differential equations.
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Date Issued: 2012
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358758
Subject Headings: Psychotherapist and patient, Mathematical models, Counselor and client, Mathematical models, Therapeutic alliance, Mathematical models, Psychotherapy, Philosophy, Mathematical models, Evidence-based psychotherapy, Transference (Psychology), Countertransference (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

FAU Theses and Dissertations (7)	+ -
Honors Student Theses (2)	+ -

Transference (Psychology) (6)	+ -
Cognition (3)	+ -
Recollection (Psychology) (3)	+ -
Age factors (2)	+ -
Context effects (Psychology) (2)	+ -

Eyewitness identification (2)	+ -
Memory (2)	+ -
Motion segmentation (2)	+ -
Psycholinguistics (2)	+ -
Aging (1)	+ -
Bilingualism--Psychological aspects (1)	+ -
Cognition--Age factors (1)	+ -
Cognitive psychology (1)	+ -
Computational neuroscience (1)	+ -
Counselor and client (1)	+ -
Countertransference (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Discrimination learning (1)	+ -
Evidence-based psychotherapy (1)	+ -
Extinction (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Face perception (1)	+ -
Human information processing (1)	+ -
Language acquisition--Age factors (1)	+ -
Language transfer (Language learning) (1)	+ -
Learning, Psychology of (1)	+ -
Mathematical models (1)	+ -
Memory transfer (1)	+ -
Memory--Age factors (1)	+ -
Philosophy (1)	+ -
Psychological aspects (1)	+ -
Psychotherapist and patient (1)	+ -

Electronic Thesis or Dissertation (7)	+ -
thesis (2)	+ -

Charles E. Schmidt College of Science (5)	+ -
Department of Psychology (4)	+ -
Florida Atlantic University (4)	+ -
Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College (2)	+ -
Adamson, Robert E. (1)	+ -

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