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The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes
Title
The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes.
Creator
Williams, Joseph Michael, Vallacher, Robin, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
How do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g.,...
Show moreHow do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g., the intentions of the individuals), they are conscious of their biases and can suppress them in favor of less prejudicial judgments. White and Black participants read or listened to an ambiguous inter-racial conflict narrative, then allocated responsibility for the conflict and rated the protagonists’ personalities. The results showed the defendants were rated as more responsible when rated more positively for personality and affective reaction. Methodological reasons for the direction of the relationship are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.
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Date Issued
2018
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013175
Subject Headings
Attitude (Psychology), Subconsciousness--Social aspects, Racial bias, Implicit attitude
Format
Document (PDF)
Not what you think
Title
Not what you think: judgement transformation through nonconscious thought.
Creator
Parkin, Steven S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Perceiver's use of thought suppression to maintain a consistent attitude toward another person ironically leads to nonlinear changes in their evaluations over time. In this study of interpersonal evaluation, 157 participants across three conditions (high-level mindset, low-level mindset, and control) observe the same person in seven counter-balanced videotaped social interactions depicting helpful, rude, and ambiguous behaviors. The high-level prime instructed participants to focus on the...
Show morePerceiver's use of thought suppression to maintain a consistent attitude toward another person ironically leads to nonlinear changes in their evaluations over time. In this study of interpersonal evaluation, 157 participants across three conditions (high-level mindset, low-level mindset, and control) observe the same person in seven counter-balanced videotaped social interactions depicting helpful, rude, and ambiguous behaviors. The high-level prime instructed participants to focus on the target's goals and intentions ; low-level participants focused on the target's specific concrete behaviors. High-level participants better resisted the influence of conflicting information by surpressing thoughts inconsistent with their initial evaluation of the target. From the dynamical systems perspective, such suppressed information over time becomes organized as an alternative attractor, nonconsciously influencing the perceiver's cognitive system, leading to change away from an initial attitude, as measured by the Mouse Paradigm procedure.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355871
Subject Headings
Emotions and cognition, Subconsciousness, Unconscious (Psychology), Cognitive psychology
Format
Document (PDF)
Conscious and non-conscious bases of social judgement
Title
Conscious and non-conscious bases of social judgement: mindset and implicit attitudes in the perception of intergroup conflict.
Creator
Sullivan, Susan D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Research on social judgment typically emphasizes one of three processes that enable unequivocal understanding of events with ambiguous causality. In the social influence perspective, people are susceptible to the interpretations offered by others. In the explicit attitudes perspective, people interpret events in line with their consciously held attitudes and values. In the implicit attitudes perspective, people interpret events in line with unconscious biases. The model investigated in the...
Show moreResearch on social judgment typically emphasizes one of three processes that enable unequivocal understanding of events with ambiguous causality. In the social influence perspective, people are susceptible to the interpretations offered by others. In the explicit attitudes perspective, people interpret events in line with their consciously held attitudes and values. In the implicit attitudes perspective, people interpret events in line with unconscious biases. The model investigated in the present study assumes that these processes vary in salience depending on people's mindset. Participants with low versus high implicit racial bias toward Blacks read a narrative concerning this altercation under either a lowlevel or a high-level mindset and then read a summary that blamed one of the parties or they did not read a summary. As predicted, low-level participants allocated responsibility to the African-American if they had a high implicit racial bias and to the White if they had a low implicit racial bias, regardless of the summary manipulation. Contrary to prediction, however, high-level participants' allocation of responsibility did not reflect their explicit prejudicial attitudes. Instead, they corrected for their implicit biases in their trait inferences and affective reactions, in line with research suggesting that a high-level mindset promotes self-regulatory processes in social judgment.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361259
Subject Headings
Interpersonal relations, Social perception, Persuasion (Psychology), Social aspects, Subconsciousness, Stereotypes (Social psychology), Self-management (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)