Current Search: Stress Physiology (x)
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- Title
- Long-term stress-induced changes in brain monoamines of the gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus. Neurotransmitters as indicators of physiological stress.
- Creator
- Brager, Darrin H., Florida Atlantic University, Lutz, Peter L.
- Abstract/Description
-
It is well established that altered neurotransmitter levels have long been associated with stress in many mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in the brain tissue concentration and/or turnover rates of the monoamine neurotransmitters could be used as an early indicator of physiological stress for fish in different aquatic ecosystems. Gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus, were collected from two sites, a pristine (control) and a polluted (experimental) site, classification...
Show moreIt is well established that altered neurotransmitter levels have long been associated with stress in many mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in the brain tissue concentration and/or turnover rates of the monoamine neurotransmitters could be used as an early indicator of physiological stress for fish in different aquatic ecosystems. Gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus, were collected from two sites, a pristine (control) and a polluted (experimental) site, classification based upon the hydrocarbon content of their sediment. The brains were quickly removed and dissected into three regions: frontal lobes, hypothalamus, and brain stem which were later analyzed for using high performance liquid chromatography. A decrease in brain tissue norepinephrine and dopamine concentration in the frontal lobes and hypothalamus was observed in individuals collected from the polluted site. No significant difference in either norepinephrine or dopamine concentration was present in the brain stem. Despite a decrease in dopamine levels, there was no significant change in dopamine turnover. There was a significant decrease in serotonin concentration in the hypothalamus at the polluted site. There was an increase in serotonergic activity in the hypothalamus and brain stem at the polluted site. A significant decrease in the weight of the hypothalamus in fish from the polluted site was also observed. These results suggest that a change in brain monoamines can be used as a early indicators of chronic environmental stress.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1997
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15458
- Subject Headings
- Neurotransmitters, Gray snapper--Effect of stress on, Stress (Physiology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Rapid neuroprotection from acute oxidative stress.
- Creator
- Caplan, Stacee Lee, Dawson-Scully, Ken, Milton, Sarah L., Graduate College
- Date Issued
- 2011-04-08
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3164512
- Subject Headings
- Stress --physiology, Protein kinases, Neuroprotective agents
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A Study on the Potential Role of Stress Granules and Processing Bodies in Eliminating Oxidatively Damaged RNA.
- Creator
- Pourkalbassi, Delaram, Li, Zhongwei, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Oxidative stress (OS) is strongly implicated in age-related neurodegeneration and other diseases. Under OS, the production of excessive oxidants leads to increased damages to cellular components. Recently, RNA has been discovered as a major target of oxidative damage, including the creation of abasic sites. In this work, we developed a method for quantifying abasic RNA in cell. Using this method, we have examined the potential role of the RNA-processing cellular foci, stress granule (SG) and...
Show moreOxidative stress (OS) is strongly implicated in age-related neurodegeneration and other diseases. Under OS, the production of excessive oxidants leads to increased damages to cellular components. Recently, RNA has been discovered as a major target of oxidative damage, including the creation of abasic sites. In this work, we developed a method for quantifying abasic RNA in cell. Using this method, we have examined the potential role of the RNA-processing cellular foci, stress granule (SG) and processing bodies (PB) in eliminating abasic RNA in situ. We demonstrated that RNA is a major target of oxidative damage, constituting the majority of OS-induced abasic nucleic acids in HeLa cell. Importantly, the level of abasic RNA is strongly correlated with SG abundance. Furthermore, inhibition of SG/PB formation causes accumulation of abasic RNA, suggesting that SG/PB participates in removing oxidized RNA and protects cells under OS, which offers novel targets for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004702
- Subject Headings
- Aging -- Physiological aspects., Oxidative stress., RNA -- Metabolism.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Approaches for raising the level of FOXO3a in animal cells.
- Creator
- Navarro, Diana., Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
-
The turtle is a unique model of anoxic survival. The turtle's brain can tolerate total oxygen deprivation for hours to days as well as prevent high levels of mitochondrial-derived free radicals upon re-oxygenation. Because of its ability to prevent elevated free radical generation, the turtle has also become recognized as a model of exceptional longevity. We are employing the turtle model for an investigation into the regulation of a key antioxidant enzyme system - methionine sulfoxide...
Show moreThe turtle is a unique model of anoxic survival. The turtle's brain can tolerate total oxygen deprivation for hours to days as well as prevent high levels of mitochondrial-derived free radicals upon re-oxygenation. Because of its ability to prevent elevated free radical generation, the turtle has also become recognized as a model of exceptional longevity. We are employing the turtle model for an investigation into the regulation of a key antioxidant enzyme system - methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), primarily MsrA and MsrB. The Msr system is capable of reversing oxidation of methionines in proteins and Msr subtypes have been implicated in protecting tissues against oxidative stress, as well as, enhancing the longevity of organisms from yeast to mammals. Preliminary data, unpublished results, indicate that MsrA protein and transcripts are elevated by anoxia. A recent study on Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that FOXO is involved in activation of the MsrA promoter. Using the turtle MsrA promoter sequence we worked to determine which regions in the promoter are necessary for activation by anoxia. The results of the present study were 1) to prepare a TAT-FOXO3a fusion protein which could penetrate animal cells and 2) to construct a FOXO3a expression vector for transcription studies on MsrA expression.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3342243
- Subject Headings
- Cellular signal transduction, Cell proliferation, Oxidative stress, Prevention, Adaptation (Physiology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The effect of mindfulness meditation intervention on attention, affect, anxiety, mindfulness, and salivary cortisol in school children.
- Creator
- Corbett, Maria L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
The current study utilized a quasi-experimental nonequivalent groups design to investigate whether a 5-week long Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (MMI), would impact measures of attention, positive and negative affect, state and test anxiety, mindfulness, and reactive cortisol levels in 107 school aged children. A series of reliability corrected ANCOVAs were performed on all behavioral variables. Results indicated that those in the MMI group did not differ from their cohorts on any of the...
Show moreThe current study utilized a quasi-experimental nonequivalent groups design to investigate whether a 5-week long Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (MMI), would impact measures of attention, positive and negative affect, state and test anxiety, mindfulness, and reactive cortisol levels in 107 school aged children. A series of reliability corrected ANCOVAs were performed on all behavioral variables. Results indicated that those in the MMI group did not differ from their cohorts on any of the behavioral measures. Reactive levels of salivary cortisol were also collected and assayed in a subsample of 25 participants. An ANCOVA on cortisol change scores was performed and findings did not reach statistical significance. Post-hoc power analyses revealed that this could be due to inadequate sample size. To conclude studies utilizing a MMI of longer duration or with larger sample sizes may be required in assessing the usefulness of MMIs in behavioral and physiological measures in non-clinical child populations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3332185
- Subject Headings
- Mood (Psychology), Physiological aspects, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Meditation, Therapeutic use, Stress (Psychology), Stress management
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Stress Reactivity in Children Following an Academic Stressor: Associations and Interactions with Intrapersonal Characteristics.
- Creator
- Corbett, Maria L., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Previous research has shown that the intrapersonal characteristics (e.g., temperament) of children are associated closely with alterations in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) stress axis. However, consistently capturing direct associations between these characteristics and stress reactivity of the HPA axis has, at times, yielded disparate findings. Thus, using the Rothbart model of temperament (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981) as a guide, the main goal of this project...
Show morePrevious research has shown that the intrapersonal characteristics (e.g., temperament) of children are associated closely with alterations in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) stress axis. However, consistently capturing direct associations between these characteristics and stress reactivity of the HPA axis has, at times, yielded disparate findings. Thus, using the Rothbart model of temperament (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981) as a guide, the main goal of this project was to investigate and identify intrapersonal characteristics that moderate associations between other intrapersonal characteristics of the child and stress reactivity during development (e.g., trait by trait interactions). Additionally, study variables were assessed for meaningful associations and, on average differences between those who responded to the stressor paradigm and those who did not. A sample of 45 male and 37 female students (n=82, M= 9.66 yrs.) from six, fourth and fifth grade classes partook in a mathematically based stressor paradigm administered in the classroom. Salivary cortisol and behavior measures were collected in two waves over a 7-week period. Several significant results emerged. Overall, children who responded to the stressor paradigm had significantly higher levels of traits associated with a more inhibited behavioral style. Further, several meaningful interactions surfaced in which intrapersonal characteristics of various categories, including reactive, regulatory, and ambiguous, interacted with one another to predict stress reactivity. Of note, the majority of the interactions involved self-regulation and surgency. These two intrapersonal characteristics interacted with several others, helping to elucidate the unique influences of these intrapersonal characteristics on each other and, subsequently, stress reactivity of the HPA axis. These results illustrate that interactions between multiple intrapersonal characteristics should be taken into consideration in the future when studying the relationships between intrapersonal characteristics and stress reactivity of the HPA axis.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004824, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004824
- Subject Headings
- Stress (Psychology), Stress management., Temperament in children., Emotions--Psychological aspects., Mood (Psychology)--Physiological aspects.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- FSTL-1 secreted by mesenchymal stem cells increases cell viability of human aortic endothelial cells under hypoxic stress.
- Creator
- Eid, Nibal., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being evaluated for the treatment of a broad array of diseases due to their ability to secrete a variety of therapeutically beneficial paracrine-acting factors. For example, MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM) has been shown to inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) via activation of the P13-AKT pathway. However, the factors secreted by MSCs responsible for this effect have yet to be identified. Recent studies have shown...
Show moreHuman mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being evaluated for the treatment of a broad array of diseases due to their ability to secrete a variety of therapeutically beneficial paracrine-acting factors. For example, MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM) has been shown to inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) via activation of the P13-AKT pathway. However, the factors secreted by MSCs responsible for this effect have yet to be identified. Recent studies have shown that the glycoprotein Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) activates the P13-AKT pathway by binding to the receptor disco-interacting protein (DIP2A) expressed on the surface of cells. Based on our data indicating that MSCs constitutively secrete high quantities of FSTL1, we hypothesize that this protein principally mediates the anti-apoptopic effect of MSC-CM on HAECs. Loss-of-function studies employing siRNA-mediated knockdown of the protein and neutralizing antibodies will be used to assess the role of FSTL1 in growth and survival of HAECs following exposure to hypoxic stress.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359296
- Subject Headings
- Stem cells, Transplantation, Molecular biology, Gene therapy, Coronary heart disease, Prevention, Stress (Physiology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Caloric restriction in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Creator
- Hoxha, Sany., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
Caloric restriction (CR), the reduction of nutrient intake short of malnutrition, extends the lifespan of various organisms and can improve measures of human health. Whether mechanisms of lifespan extension are conserved between humans and model organisms is unknown. In mammals, implementing CR is easily achieved by providing a restricted group with a fraction of the food consumed by an "ad libitum" fed group, which has unlimited food access. Due to the difficulty in directly controlling...
Show moreCaloric restriction (CR), the reduction of nutrient intake short of malnutrition, extends the lifespan of various organisms and can improve measures of human health. Whether mechanisms of lifespan extension are conserved between humans and model organisms is unknown. In mammals, implementing CR is easily achieved by providing a restricted group with a fraction of the food consumed by an "ad libitum" fed group, which has unlimited food access. Due to the difficulty in directly controlling Drosophila food intake, caloric restriction, performed similarly to the mammalian paradigm, has never been tested in flies. Here, we demonstrate a system that allows measurement of food intake throughout life. This system will be used to measure fly lifespan under caloric restriction analogous to current mammalian studies. Our work will help tease apart the differences between the various caloric and dietary restriction paradigms in Drosophila, strengthening our understanding of how fly models relate to mammalian systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359316
- Subject Headings
- Aging, Physiological aspects, Nutrition disorders in old age, Oxidative stress, Pathophysiology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Effects of stressors on differential gene expression and secondary metabolites by Axinella corrugata.
- Creator
- Grima, Jennifer., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
Sponges are an important source of bioactive marine natural products, or secondary metabolites. The common Caribbean reef sponge, Axinella corrugata, produces an antitumor and antibacterial chemical, stevensine. This study determined whether environmental stressors, such as elevated temperature and exposure to Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae, affect the production of stevensine by A.corrugata and if the stressors caused A.corrugata to exhibit differential gene expression. Temperature stress...
Show moreSponges are an important source of bioactive marine natural products, or secondary metabolites. The common Caribbean reef sponge, Axinella corrugata, produces an antitumor and antibacterial chemical, stevensine. This study determined whether environmental stressors, such as elevated temperature and exposure to Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae, affect the production of stevensine by A.corrugata and if the stressors caused A.corrugata to exhibit differential gene expression. Temperature stress resulted in no significant change in the production of stevensine; only two genes were significantly differentially expressed, including hsp70. Larval stressed resulted in increased production of stevensine and significant differential gene expression (more than seventy genes). This study suggests that A.corrugata may be resilient to elevations in temperature and that one of stevensine's roles in nature is as an antifoulant.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3360781
- Subject Headings
- Axinellida, Sponges, Marine pharmacology, Adaptation (Biology), Gene expression, Genetic regulation, Stress (Physiology), Ecophysiology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Inflammatory response in stress and the role of autophagy in breast cancer.
- Creator
- Onwuha-Ekpete, Lillian C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
-
We attempted to understand the molecular regulators that impact inflammation using a rat model of human sensation-seeking/risk-taking trait for drug and stress vulnerability, based on their exploratory behavior displaying high rates (HRs) or low rates of locomotor reactivity (LRs) to environmental stress. We found that HRs have a pro-inflammatory phenotype as indicated by increased protein expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-(Sa(B. Furthermore, we found that HRs have a lower gene...
Show moreWe attempted to understand the molecular regulators that impact inflammation using a rat model of human sensation-seeking/risk-taking trait for drug and stress vulnerability, based on their exploratory behavior displaying high rates (HRs) or low rates of locomotor reactivity (LRs) to environmental stress. We found that HRs have a pro-inflammatory phenotype as indicated by increased protein expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-(Sa(B. Furthermore, we found that HRs have a lower gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and histone deacetylase 2 which are known to play an immunosuppressive role. Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a homeostatic process needed for cell maintenance, growth and proliferation and known to assist in tumor survival. FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 (FYCO1) is a novel protein implicated to assist in the plus-end directed trafficking and fusion of autophagosomes. In these studies, we show that FYCO1 gene expression among human breast cell lines of varying degrees of malignancy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362042
- Subject Headings
- Breast, Cancer, Genetic aspects, Cancer, Molecular aspects, Carcinogenesis, Cellular signal transduction, Stress (Physiology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Stress protein expression and green turtle fibropapillomatosis.
- Creator
- McGarrity, Monica E., Florida Atlantic University, Milton, Sarah L.
- Abstract/Description
-
Green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) is a highly debilitating disease that affects several species of marine turtles worldwide. This study evaluated stress protein expression in red blood cells (RBCs), skin and tumors of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from a GTFP-prevalent site and a more pristine, GTFP-free site. Levels of expression of HSP72 were significantly higher in healthy turtles from the GTFP-prevalent site compared to healthy turtles from the GTFP-free site, suggesting that these...
Show moreGreen turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) is a highly debilitating disease that affects several species of marine turtles worldwide. This study evaluated stress protein expression in red blood cells (RBCs), skin and tumors of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from a GTFP-prevalent site and a more pristine, GTFP-free site. Levels of expression of HSP72 were significantly higher in healthy turtles from the GTFP-prevalent site compared to healthy turtles from the GTFP-free site, suggesting that these turtles are, indeed stressed. Levels of HSP72 expression were also significantly higher in the nucleated RBCs than in skin tissues of turtles from both sites. These results demonstrate the utility of RBC stress protein evaluation as a new, minimally invasive method of evaluating stress loads in marine turtles as a factor in the potentially multifactorial etiology of GTFP. In addition, HSP72 and GP96 were present and detectable in tumors of diseased turtles, and thus show potential for use in treatment of GTFP.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13269
- Subject Headings
- Green turtle--Diseases, Green turtle--Immunology, Stress (Physiology), Environmental monitoring
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Stress Protein and Anti-Apoptotic Protein Expression in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Fibropapillomatosis.
- Creator
- Deming, Alissa C., Milton, Sarah L., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a devastating pandemic characterized by benign cutaneous neoplasias that is afflicting marine turtles worldwide. This study evaluated the expression of HSP72, GRP96, and Bcl-2 in tumor and healthy biopsies. These proteins are found in high levels in some tumors and prevent apoptosis, allowing tumor cells to survive. HSP72 and GRP96 are also known to initiate an immune response and may contribute to the regression often observed in FP tumors. Results were found that...
Show moreFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a devastating pandemic characterized by benign cutaneous neoplasias that is afflicting marine turtles worldwide. This study evaluated the expression of HSP72, GRP96, and Bcl-2 in tumor and healthy biopsies. These proteins are found in high levels in some tumors and prevent apoptosis, allowing tumor cells to survive. HSP72 and GRP96 are also known to initiate an immune response and may contribute to the regression often observed in FP tumors. Results were found that showed all three protective proteins had significantly higher levels in actively growing tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue. Specifically, cauliflower-like tumors, thought to be actively growing, were found to have higher levels of HSP72 and GRP96 compared to healthy skin, whereas smooth tumors, thought to be regressing, did not. These results offer insight into the molecular mechanisms behind the development of FP tumors and open a number of avenues for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000740
- Subject Headings
- Stress (Physiology), Green turtle--Diseases, Environmental monitoring, Green turtle--Immunology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Taurine protection of PC12 cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by oxidative stress.
- Creator
- Pan, Chunliu, Giraldo, Grace S., Prentice, Howard, Wu, Jang-Yen
- Date Issued
- 2010-08-24
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3327276
- Subject Headings
- Oxidative Stress, Oxidative Stress --drug effects, Oxidative Stress --physiology, Antioxidants --pharmacology, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, PC12 Cells --drug effects, Endoplasmic Reticulum --drug effects, Transcription Factor CHOP, Taurine
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Effects of adolescent stress on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal mossy fibre-CA3 remodeling in the novelty-seeking phenotype: implications for epigenetic regulation of the BDNF gene.
- Creator
- Oztan, Ozge., Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Experimentally naive rats show variance in their locomotor reactivity to novelty, some displaying higher (HR) while others displaying lower (LR) reactivity, associated with vulnerability to stress. LRHR phenotype is proposed as an antecedent to the development of stress hyper responsiveness. Results presented here show emergence of antidepressive-like behavior following peripubertal-juvenile exposure to chronic variable physical (CVP) and chronic variable social stress (CVS) in HR rats, and...
Show moreExperimentally naive rats show variance in their locomotor reactivity to novelty, some displaying higher (HR) while others displaying lower (LR) reactivity, associated with vulnerability to stress. LRHR phenotype is proposed as an antecedent to the development of stress hyper responsiveness. Results presented here show emergence of antidepressive-like behavior following peripubertal-juvenile exposure to chronic variable physical (CVP) and chronic variable social stress (CVS) in HR rats, and depressive-like behavior following CVP in the LRs. The antidepressive-like behavior in HR rats was accompanied by increased levels of acetylated Histone3 (acH3) and acetylated Histone4 (acH4) at the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) P2 and P4 promoters respectively. This effect may mediate increased mossy fibre (MF) terminal field size, particularly the suprapyramidal mossy fibre projection volume (SP-MF), in the HR animals following both stress regimens. These findings show that chronic variable stress during adolescence induces individual differences in molecular, neuromorphological and behavioral parameters between LRs and HRs, which provides further evidence that individual differences in stress responsiveness is an important factor in resistance or vulnerability to stress-induced depression and/or anxiety.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3360950
- Subject Headings
- Rats as laboratory animals, Anxiety in adolescence, Depression in adolescence, Stress (Psychology), Cellular signal transduction, Hippocampus (Brain), Physiology, Genetic regulation, Gene expression
- Format
- Document (PDF)