Current Search: Space Perception (x)
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- Title
- SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND SELF-INITIATED ACTIVE MOVEMENT: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY.
- Creator
- SULLIVAN, MARJORIE ANN., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
A spatial transformation task was administered to two groups of children under one of three conditions: active subject-movement, passive subject-movement and stimulus array-rotation. In the younger group (5-7 years) subjects did significantly better in the active subject-movement than in the array-rotation condition. The active-passive distinction was not significant. Performance improved significantly with age. While there were no statistically significant differences between conditions in...
Show moreA spatial transformation task was administered to two groups of children under one of three conditions: active subject-movement, passive subject-movement and stimulus array-rotation. In the younger group (5-7 years) subjects did significantly better in the active subject-movement than in the array-rotation condition. The active-passive distinction was not significant. Performance improved significantly with age. While there were no statistically significant differences between conditions in the older group (8-9 years), a trend toward reversal in level of difficulty between the array-rotation and subject-move conditions was noted. These findings were related to possible differences between young, pre-operational children who depend on topological cues and a stable relationship between the stimulus and the external background context and older, concrete operational children for whom spatial concepts are internalized such that actual movement might compete with imagined movement. Significant sex differences, favoring boys, emerged in the older group.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1977
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13897
- Subject Headings
- Space perception in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The attentional control of spatial perception.
- Creator
- Balz, Gunther William, Florida Atlantic University, Hock, Howard S.
- Abstract/Description
-
When perceivers examine a visual scene, they can control the extent to which their attention is either narrowly focused or spread over a larger spatial area. The experiments reported in this dissertation explore the consequences of narrow vs. broad attention for simple spatial discriminations as well as more complex cooperative interactions that are the basis for the self-organization of coherent motion patterns. Subjects' attentional spread (narrow or broad) is manipulated by means of a...
Show moreWhen perceivers examine a visual scene, they can control the extent to which their attention is either narrowly focused or spread over a larger spatial area. The experiments reported in this dissertation explore the consequences of narrow vs. broad attention for simple spatial discriminations as well as more complex cooperative interactions that are the basis for the self-organization of coherent motion patterns. Subjects' attentional spread (narrow or broad) is manipulated by means of a primary, luminance detection task. In conjunction with the luminance detection task is a secondary, spatial discrimination or detection task, which differs in the four reported experiments. In Experiment 1, the discrimination of misalignment of two visual elements is enhanced by narrowly focused attention. In Experiment 2, discrimination of horizontal spatial separation of two visual elements is improved for small inter-element distances by narrow attention and for relatively large inter-element distances by broad attention. Experiment 3 shows that the inter-element distance among counterphase-presented visual elements for which unidirectional and oscillatory motion patterns are observed with equal frequency depends on subjects' attentional spread. Narrow attention favors the oscillatory pattern and broad attention favors the unidirectional pattern. Experiment 4 shows that attentional spread has a minimal effect on the detection of motion, and, additionally that attentional effects on simple spatial judgments (Experiments 1 and 2) are too small to account for the large shift in the equi-probable boundary of reported unidirectional and oscillatory motion patterns found in Experiment 3. Therefore, it is concluded in conjunction with Hock and Balz's (1994) differential gradient model, that attentional spread influences the self-organization of unidirectional and oscillatory motion patterns through its effects on the relative strength of facilitating and inhibiting interactions among directionally selective motion detectors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1994
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12392
- Subject Headings
- Attention, Selectivity (Psychology), Visual perception, Space perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Effects of hippocampal impairment on rodent spatial and non-spatial memory.
- Creator
- Rios, Lisa, Lora, Joan C., Zhang, Gongliang, Stackman, Robert W., Graduate College
- Date Issued
- 2011-04-08
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3164769
- Subject Headings
- Nerve Degeneration, Rodents, Space perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Temporal and spatial determinants of induced shifts in perceived position.
- Creator
- Eastman, Kathleen E., Florida Atlantic University, Hock, Howard S.
- Abstract/Description
-
The effects of the onset, offset, and sustained presence of inducing lines on the perceived position of test lines were independently investigated in a vernier alignment task. For spatial separations larger than 2.3 min, repulsion effects were always observed. For the smallest spatial separation, 2.3 min, the effect of the inducing lines was attraction for 0 and 195 SOAs. Minimal attraction was observed for a 3000 SOA. However, when the offset effect was isolated using the 3000 SOA and a 0...
Show moreThe effects of the onset, offset, and sustained presence of inducing lines on the perceived position of test lines were independently investigated in a vernier alignment task. For spatial separations larger than 2.3 min, repulsion effects were always observed. For the smallest spatial separation, 2.3 min, the effect of the inducing lines was attraction for 0 and 195 SOAs. Minimal attraction was observed for a 3000 SOA. However, when the offset effect was isolated using the 3000 SOA and a 0 ISI, a large repulsion effect was observed for the 2.3 min spatial separation, as well as for the larger spatial separations. These results indicate that the temporal separation between visual elements is as important in determining perceived position as their spatial separation, which has been demonstrated in earlier studies (Badcock & Westheimer, 1985). A differential gradient model is proposed which accounts for these findings in terms of excitatory and inhibitory interactions within an ensemble of position-sensitive units.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1993
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14897
- Subject Headings
- Visual perception, Space perception, Motion perception (Vision), Figure-ground perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE "OBLIQUE EFFECT" IN THE SPATIAL REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN FOR THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLANE.
- Creator
- HILTON, THOMAS FREDERICK, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
The effect of stimulus plane orientation (horizontal vs vertical) on mirror-image oblique discrimination was investigated for children 5 to 8 years of age. A significant difference in learning rate favoring the vertical plane presentation was obtained. Tracing the stimuli had no effect on learning rate in either the horizontal or vertical plane. The results were explained in terms of egocentricity in the child's representation of spatial relations.
- Date Issued
- 1976
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13827
- Subject Headings
- Orientation (Psychology), Discrimination learning, Mirror images, Space perception in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Cyclical Variations in Object and Spatial-based Attention.
- Creator
- Ray, Subhosit, Sheremata, Summer, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Spatial-based attention is shown to vary in strength over short intervals of time. Whether object-based selection also has similar temporal variability is not known. Egly, Driver and Rafal (1994) demonstrated using 2-rectangle displays how both spatial and object-based selection engages in processing of a visual scene. In Experiment-1 using the 2-rectangle paradigm we measured temporal variability of target detection by presenting targets at a variable SOA. In Experiment-2, we used 4-squares...
Show moreSpatial-based attention is shown to vary in strength over short intervals of time. Whether object-based selection also has similar temporal variability is not known. Egly, Driver and Rafal (1994) demonstrated using 2-rectangle displays how both spatial and object-based selection engages in processing of a visual scene. In Experiment-1 using the 2-rectangle paradigm we measured temporal variability of target detection by presenting targets at a variable SOA. In Experiment-2, we used 4-squares to preclude any object-based selection and measured temporal variability in target detection at similar locations as in Experiment-1. We found target detection to be periodic in delta and theta hertz rhythm in both Experiment-1 and Experiment-2 upon comparing corresponding cue-valid and same-object locations. Similar spectral profiles across experiments indicate a split-spotlight of spatial attention that rhythmically monitors cue-valid and other invalid locations. Future experiments are needed to determine whether object-based selection is periodic in nature.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013563
- Subject Headings
- Attention, Visual Perception, Space perception, Selective attention, Selectivity (Psychology), Visual system
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Behavioral and Electrophysiological Properties of Nucleus Reuniens: Role in Arousal, Spatial Navigation and Cognitive Processes.
- Creator
- Viena, Tatiana Danela, Vertes, Robert P., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
The hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions...
Show moreThe hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions associated with the hippocampus and the mPFC -- or their interactions. Using two different inactivation techniques (pharmacological and chemogenetic), we sought to further define the role of RE in spatial working memory (SWM) and behavioral flexibility using a modified delayed non-match to sample (DNMS) working memory task. We found that the reversible inactivation of RE with muscimol critically impaired SWM performance, abolished well-established spatial strategies and produced a profound inability to correct non-rewarded, incorrect choices on the T-maze (perseverative responding). We observed similar impairments in SWM following the chemogenetic (DREADDs) inactivation of RE or selective RE projections to the ventral HF. In addition, we showed that the inhibition of RE terminals to the dorsal or ventral HF altered task related behaviors by increasing or decreasing the time to initiate the task or reach the reward, respectively. Finally, we examined discharge properties of RE cells across sleep-wake states in behaving rats. We found that the majority of RE cells discharge at high rates of activity in waking and REM and at significantly reduced rates in SWS, with a subpopulation firing rhythmically in bursts during SWS. We identified five distinct subtypes of RE cells that discharged differently across vigilant states; those firing at highest rates in waking (W1, W2), in REM sleep (R1, R2) and SWS (S1). Given the differential patterns of activity of these cells, we proposed they may serve distinct functions in waking – and possibly in SWS/REM sleep. In sum, our findings indicate that RE is critically involved in mnemonic and executive functions and the heterogeneous activity of these cells support a role for RE in arousal/attention, spatial working memory and cognition.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013139
- Subject Headings
- Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex, Neural pathways, Arousal (Physiology), Space Perception, Cognition
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Effects of Dichoptic and Isoluminant-Chromatic Stimuli on the Perception of Object and Objectless Motion.
- Creator
- Seifert, Matthew S., Hong, Sang Wook, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Visual motion can be conveyed by a variety of information sources in the environment, and those types of information may be detected at various levels by different motion-perceiving mechanisms in the visual system. High-level visual information has been demonstrated to have 3rd order, or salience-based properties (Lu & Sperling, 1995). The perceptual system they describe that computes motion from these types of information shares several characteristics with Hock and colleagues' counterchange...
Show moreVisual motion can be conveyed by a variety of information sources in the environment, and those types of information may be detected at various levels by different motion-perceiving mechanisms in the visual system. High-level visual information has been demonstrated to have 3rd order, or salience-based properties (Lu & Sperling, 1995). The perceptual system they describe that computes motion from these types of information shares several characteristics with Hock and colleagues' counterchange detection system, notably flexibility with respect to types of input from which motion can be computed, which comes at the cost of diminished processing speed. The mechanism of counterchange detection is well suited to processing visual features often present in environmental scenes, e.g., objects and surfaces, and may be a mechanism of 3rd order motion. Consistent with reported properties of 3rd order motion, the current experiments tested count erchange-, luminance-, and color-based motion stimuli with 3 objectives: to identify whether the 3 systems framework generalizes beyond the stimulus type with which it was defined, to test whether counterchange shares similarities with the 3rd order system with respect to dichoptic integration, and perception of isoluminant color-based motion, and to test subjectively objectless sources of motion-defining information (spreading luminance and hue) to see if they display properties of the 1st order system derived from sine wave gratings. Results indicate that counterchange-based stimuli displayed predicted properties of dichoptic integration, and perception at isoluminance, but putative 1st order (spreading) stimuli also displayed these properties. This may suggest that object-like surfaces, even when not directly the source of motion information, can contribute to computation of motion. Further, these results highlight the difficulty of generalizing from one theoretical framework to another, and specifically, of psychophysically testing high-level information while isolating contributions from low level information upon which high level visual stimuli are built.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004545, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004545
- Subject Headings
- Movement, Psychology of, Perceptual motor processes, Physiological optics, Space and time, Visual perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Uncovering the role of the rodent dorsal hippocampus in spatial and object memory retrieval.
- Creator
- Rios, Lisa, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Male C7BL/6J mice were implanted with bilateral dorsal CA1 guide cannulae. After confirming that intrahippocampal microinfusion of muscimol impaired hippocampal function, demonstrated by impaired performance in the Morris water maze, the influence of intrahippocampal muscimol was tested in the Novel Object Recognition paradigm. During a test session 24 h after the last habituation/sample session, mice were presented with one familiar object and one novel object. Successful retention of object...
Show moreMale C7BL/6J mice were implanted with bilateral dorsal CA1 guide cannulae. After confirming that intrahippocampal microinfusion of muscimol impaired hippocampal function, demonstrated by impaired performance in the Morris water maze, the influence of intrahippocampal muscimol was tested in the Novel Object Recognition paradigm. During a test session 24 h after the last habituation/sample session, mice were presented with one familiar object and one novel object. Successful retention of object memory was inferred if mice spent more time exploring the novel object than the familiar object. Results demonstrate that muscimol infused into dorsal CA1 region prior to the test session eliminates novel object preference, indicating that the hippocampus is necessary for the retrieval of this non-spatial memory - a topic that has garnered much debate. Understanding the similarities between rodent and human hippocampal function could enable future animal studies to effectively answer questions about diseases and disorders affecting human learning and memory.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3172696
- Subject Headings
- Rodents as laboratory animals, Memory, Research, Cellular signal transduction, Cognitive neuroscience, Hippocampus (Brain), Space perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Large-Scale Cortical Functional Connectivity Underlying Visuospatial Attention.
- Creator
- Meehan, Timothy Patrick, Bressler, Steven L., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
The endogenous, or voluntary, control of visuospatial attention relies upon interactions within a frontoparietal dorsal attention network (DAN) and this network’s top-down influence on visual occipital cortex (VOC). While these interactions have been shown to occur during attention tasks, they are also known to occur to some extent at rest, but the degree to which task-related interactions reflect either modulation or reorganization of such ongoing intrinsic interactions is poorly understood....
Show moreThe endogenous, or voluntary, control of visuospatial attention relies upon interactions within a frontoparietal dorsal attention network (DAN) and this network’s top-down influence on visual occipital cortex (VOC). While these interactions have been shown to occur during attention tasks, they are also known to occur to some extent at rest, but the degree to which task-related interactions reflect either modulation or reorganization of such ongoing intrinsic interactions is poorly understood. In addition, it is known that in spatial neglect—a syndrome following unilateral brain lesions in which patients fail to attend to the contralesional side of space—symptom severity covaries with disruptions to intrinsic interhemispheric interactions between left and right homologous regions of the DAN; however, similar covariance with disruptions to intrahemispheric interactions within the DAN, and between the DAN and VOC, has not been demonstrated. These issues are addressed herein via the measurement of both undirected and directed functional connectivity (UFC, DFC) within the DAN and between the DAN and VOC. UFC and DFC were derived from correlations of, and multivariate vector autoregressive modeling of, fMRI BOLD time-series, respectively. Time-series were recorded from individuals performing an anticipatory visuospatial attention task and individuals at rest, as well as from stroke patients either with or without neglect and age-matched healthy controls. With regard to the first issue, the results show that relative to rest, top-down DAN-to-VOC influence and within-DAN coupling are elevated during task performance, but also that intrinsic connectivity patterns are largely preserved during the task. With regard to the second issue, results show that interhemispheric imbalances of intrahemispheric UFC and DFC both within the DAN and between the DAN and VOC strongly correlate with neglect severity, and may co-occur with functional decoupling of the hemispheres. This work thus demonstrates that the intrinsic functional integrity of the DAN and its relationship to VOC is crucial for the endogenous control of visuospatial attention during tasks, and that the compromise of this integrity due to stroke likely plays a role in producing spatial neglect.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004613
- Subject Headings
- Cognitive neuroscience., Sensorimotor integration., Space perception., Selectivity (Psychology), Recognition (Psychology), Brain mapping.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Segregating stimululs information for counterchange and motion energy-determined motion perception.
- Creator
- Seifert, Matthew S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
It has been argued that the perception of apparent motion is based on the detection of counterchange (oppositely signed changes in luminance contrast at pairs of spatial locations) rather than motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). A constraint in furthering this distinction is that both counterchange and motion energy are present for most motion stimuli. Three experiments used illusory-contour and luminance-based stimuli to segregate (experiments 1 and 2) and combine ...
Show moreIt has been argued that the perception of apparent motion is based on the detection of counterchange (oppositely signed changes in luminance contrast at pairs of spatial locations) rather than motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). A constraint in furthering this distinction is that both counterchange and motion energy are present for most motion stimuli. Three experiments used illusory-contour and luminance-based stimuli to segregate (experiments 1 and 2) and combine (experiment 3) counterchange and motion energy information. Motion specified by counterchange was perceived for translating illusory squares over a wide range of frame durations, and preferentially for short motion paths. Motion specified by motion energy was diminished by relatively long frame durations, but was not affected by the length of the motion path. Results for the combined stimulus were consistent with counterchange as the basis for apparent motion perception, despite the presence of motion energy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362563
- Subject Headings
- Perceptual-motor processes, Movement, Psychology of, Space and time, Visual perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- John Crowley’s New Fantastic Space: Reconstructing the Realm of Faerie in Little, Big.
- Creator
- Beveridge, Pami, Martin, Thomas L., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of English
- Abstract/Description
-
John Crowley’s Little, Big is an innovative piece of fantasy writing. This thesis aims to prove that Crowley’s innovation lays the groundwork for new avenues in which fantastic space can be manipulated and constructed. Deep study in Euclidean geometry, modern physics, and occult astronomy reveal a new fantastic space, and a new concept for the threshold of Faerie. Crowley’s fantastic space is constructed as infundibular; with layers of concentricities that funnels his characters to their...
Show moreJohn Crowley’s Little, Big is an innovative piece of fantasy writing. This thesis aims to prove that Crowley’s innovation lays the groundwork for new avenues in which fantastic space can be manipulated and constructed. Deep study in Euclidean geometry, modern physics, and occult astronomy reveal a new fantastic space, and a new concept for the threshold of Faerie. Crowley’s fantastic space is constructed as infundibular; with layers of concentricities that funnels his characters to their final destination of self-actualization and the heaven-like realm of Faerie. Crowley amalgamates the boundaries of Faerie and the primary world in an unusual fashion that is noted as Coalesced Fantasy: a fantasy wherein there is ultimately no dichotomy between Faerie and the primary world, as there is no division between the fantastic and science. This deliberate aim to blend boundaries is to establish an All in One theory. Faerie and the primary world oppose each other as antithetical conical space, and Crowley’s Edgewood house serves as the threshold to allow man to access the divinity and vastness of Faerie. Faerie (Divinity/macrocosm) and man (microcosm) exist in and amongst one another; everything is connected and every path intersects, spinning on a hyperbolic plane in this new, quantifiable space.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004570, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004570
- Subject Headings
- Crowley, John,--1942-.--Little, big--Criticism and interpretation., Fantasy fiction, American., Fantastic literature--Criticism and interpretation., Space perception.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Creativity in an arts integrated third space: a case study of elementary school students in an international collaboration.
- Creator
- Hyatt, Susan, Burnaford, Gail, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Curriculum, Culture, and Educational Inquiry
- Abstract/Description
-
This qualitative case study examined the impact of an arts integrated international collaboration on elementary school students’ creativity when the students were communicating and creating exclusively through a technological third space. Two organizations, one in the U.S. and one in Mexico, served as the sites for the case study. Five findings emerged from the study relating to the nature of creativity and two findings related to the impact on students’ creativity when engaged in arts...
Show moreThis qualitative case study examined the impact of an arts integrated international collaboration on elementary school students’ creativity when the students were communicating and creating exclusively through a technological third space. Two organizations, one in the U.S. and one in Mexico, served as the sites for the case study. Five findings emerged from the study relating to the nature of creativity and two findings related to the impact on students’ creativity when engaged in arts-integrated international collaboration. The findings for the first question were: 1. Students and teaching artists view creativity as a process that is reflexive and engaging, 2. When reflecting on their work, students and teaching artists see creativity as an interplay of ideas and are open to and capable of modifying their ideas to achieve creative results, 3. Creative work is relative to the individual and is directly correlated to both originality and effort, 4. Students and teaching artists value creativity as a means for both self-expression and communication, 5. A collaborative environment sets the stage for creative behavior in terms of inviting feedback, providing constructive criticism, and sharing ideas. For the second question relating to impact, the two findings were: 1. Teaching and learning in the third space becomes a recursive process, and 2. Students work in new modes of communication in order to bridge cultures.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004293, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004293
- Subject Headings
- Arts -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Case studies, Creative thinking in children -- Case studies, Curriculum planning -- Case studies, Group work in education -- Case studies, Interdisciplinary approach in education -- Case studies, Space perception -- Case studies, Virtual reality -- Case studies
- Format
- Document (PDF)