Current Search: Shells (x)
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Title
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Effects of an internal flow on the vibration of thin cylindrical shells.
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Creator
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Leyrat, Gilles F., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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The response and the dynamic stability of thin cylindrical shells excited by a point force with an internal heavy medium (water) moving with a constant mean flow velocity are investigated. Two sets of analysis are discussed, one for infinitely long shells and one for shells of finite length. The infinite condition applies to shells which are sufficiently long to be considered infinite. In this case, the solution is obtained by means of a spatial Fourier transform in the axial direction and a...
Show moreThe response and the dynamic stability of thin cylindrical shells excited by a point force with an internal heavy medium (water) moving with a constant mean flow velocity are investigated. Two sets of analysis are discussed, one for infinitely long shells and one for shells of finite length. The infinite condition applies to shells which are sufficiently long to be considered infinite. In this case, the solution is obtained by means of a spatial Fourier transform in the axial direction and a modal decomposition in the circumferential direction. Using this solution, input and transfer accelerances are determined. The results of this part of this analysis show that input accelerances are globally preserved as the mean flow velocity changes. For the transfer accelerances, broadband peaks appear which are caused by the phase matching between propagating waves of different mode numbers. These broadband peaks are shifted and modified by the mean flow velocity. For shells of finite length, simply supported boundary conditions are assumed. In this case, the response is obtained by using a normal mode expansion of the in vacuo shell and the Kirchhof-Helmholtz equation derived for a fluid moving at constant flow velocity and bounded by a perfectly rigid cylinder. For finite shells, the main effect of the flow on the response is to decrease the natural frequencies of the shell. The extent of the change in frequency depends on the circumferential and axial mode numbers. Experimental results are also presented for a pipe shell of radius 0.025m and wall thickness 1.5mm. These results are compared with the analytical results for similar shell and flow condition and the agreement is very good. Using the analysis developed for the response, results are presented on the instabilities that can be induced by the flow. It is found that these instabilities are not restricted to finite pipes, but can also exist for cylindrical shells of infinite extent.
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Date Issued
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1990
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12249
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Subject Headings
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Shells (Engineering)--Vibration
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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DETERMINATION OF VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PLATE TESTING.
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Creator
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UHLAR, DAVID ANDREW., Florida Atlantic University, Dunn, Stanley E., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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A method of analysis is presented which employs a two-dimensional plate test to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity and loss factor of viscoelastic damping materials. This method is based on an energy approach to the free vibration of plates. The results derived from the two-dimensional plate test procedure are compared to values from conventional beam tests. This comparison indicates that the material properties determined from the plate test method are in good agreement with values...
Show moreA method of analysis is presented which employs a two-dimensional plate test to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity and loss factor of viscoelastic damping materials. This method is based on an energy approach to the free vibration of plates. The results derived from the two-dimensional plate test procedure are compared to values from conventional beam tests. This comparison indicates that the material properties determined from the plate test method are in good agreement with values determined from the beam test method. Thus, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and loss factor of viscoelastic damping materials can be determined from either beam or plate tests and these values can be used in the two-dimensional plate equations to evaluate the effectiveness of the damping material. In light of this study, it is suggested that beam tests be performed to derive viscoelastic material properties because of the simplicity of the beam test procedure compared to that of the plate test procedure.
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Date Issued
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1982
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14096
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Subject Headings
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Elastic plates and shells, Viscoelasticity
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Scattering of sound from a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with a finite length mass inhomogeneity.
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Creator
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Lefevre, Thierry Alain., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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The problem investigated in this thesis is that of an infinite, fluid-loaded, elastic cylindrical shell with an inhomogeneity of finite length excited by an acoustic plane wave. Seven inhomogeneities are considered to examine the parameters that influence the scattering. A full numerical approach and an iterative approach are developed to solve the shell and acoustic equations of motion expressed in the wavenumber domain. The response Green's function in the spatial domain is obtained using...
Show moreThe problem investigated in this thesis is that of an infinite, fluid-loaded, elastic cylindrical shell with an inhomogeneity of finite length excited by an acoustic plane wave. Seven inhomogeneities are considered to examine the parameters that influence the scattering. A full numerical approach and an iterative approach are developed to solve the shell and acoustic equations of motion expressed in the wavenumber domain. The response Green's function in the spatial domain is obtained using the hybrid analytical numerical technique, while the far-field scattered pressure is obtained by applying the Stationary Phase approximation. An analytical approach for the special case of a concentrated ring is developed, and the results compared to those from the full numerical solution. The range of applicability of the iterative approach is also investigated. The results show that the scattering pattern is a function of the spectral contents of the inhomogeneity distribution, and that the inhomogeneity mass influenced both the scattering pattern, and the scattering level. From the results it was also noted that an oblique angle of incidence steered the main lobe of the scattering pattern in the direction of the incoming acoustic wave. It is also demonstrated that the concentrated ring is usually a poor model to represent inhomogeneity of finite length.
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Date Issued
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1997
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15385
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Subject Headings
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Elastic plates and shells, Sound
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Temporal and spatial variation of shellmicrostructure of Polymesoda Caroliniana (Bivalvia: Heterodonta).
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Creator
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Tiu, Antonieto Tan, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
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Date Issued
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1989
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007186
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Subject Headings
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Bivalves, Shells, Microstructure, Genome, Variation (Biology)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Shell microstructure and color changes in stressed Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae).
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Creator
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Prezant, R. S., Tiu, Antonieto Tan, Chalermwat, K., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
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Date Issued
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1988
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007126
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Subject Headings
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Bivalves, Corbiculidae, Corbicula fluminea, Shells, Microstructure, Color
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Crystal structure studies of cone snail shells by powder x-ray diffraction.
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Creator
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Khanal, Suraj P., Kathriarachchi, Vindu, Kyriacou, Andreas, Leventouri, Theodora, Graduate College
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Date Issued
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2011-04-08
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3165805
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Subject Headings
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Snails, Shells, X-rays --Diffraction
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Perotrochus maureri, a new species of pleurotomariid from the western Atlantic (Gastropoda: Pleurotomariidae).
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Creator
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Harasewych, M. G., Askew, T. M., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
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Date Issued
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1993
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/3183789
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Subject Headings
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Gastropoda, Shells--Classification, Species, Radula
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Scattering and response Green's function modeling of a fluid-loaded coated cylindrical shell.
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Creator
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Treffot, Carole., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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An acoustic compliant coating is applied on a fluid-loaded structure to control the radiated pressure, by decoupling the fluid medium from the vibrating surface. In this thesis the problem of an infinite cylindrical shell immersed in a fluid and entirely covered with an acoustic compliant layer, excited either by a ring force or an incident acoustic plane wave is considered. To model this problem two different approaches are used. The first one, which is available in the literature, is based...
Show moreAn acoustic compliant coating is applied on a fluid-loaded structure to control the radiated pressure, by decoupling the fluid medium from the vibrating surface. In this thesis the problem of an infinite cylindrical shell immersed in a fluid and entirely covered with an acoustic compliant layer, excited either by a ring force or an incident acoustic plane wave is considered. To model this problem two different approaches are used. The first one, which is available in the literature, is based on multi-layer shell theory. In this approach the scalar and the vector potential formulation are used to solve for the response and the scattering from the cylinder. The second approach is based on modeling the compliant layer by a normally reacting impedance layer on the surface of the shell. The velocity response Green's function of the shell is found using the hybrid numerical/analytical method. Results for the radiated and scattered pressure from the shell are also presented. The advantage of this second approach is that it can be used to model complex coating geometries. The results obtained with both approaches are compared.
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Date Issued
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2001
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12775
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Subject Headings
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Green's functions, Elastic plates and shells
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Free and random vibrations of shells of revolution with interior supports.
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Creator
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Xia, Zhiyong., Florida Atlantic University, Yong, Yan, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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A new analytical method based on the wave propagation scheme has been developed for the dynamic analysis of axially symmetric shells with arbitrary boundary conditions and interior supports. In this approach, a shell structure is considered as a waveguide and the response to external excitations is treated as a superposition of wave motions. To segregate the effect of the interior supports, the waveguide is first divided into several sub-waveguides. Upon analyzing these sub-waveguides...
Show moreA new analytical method based on the wave propagation scheme has been developed for the dynamic analysis of axially symmetric shells with arbitrary boundary conditions and interior supports. In this approach, a shell structure is considered as a waveguide and the response to external excitations is treated as a superposition of wave motions. To segregate the effect of the interior supports, the waveguide is first divided into several sub-waveguides. Upon analyzing these sub-waveguides separately, a composition scheme is adopted to relate them by connecting the wave components according to the continuity conditions for the state variables at each interior supports. Closed form solutions for free and random vibration are derived. The proposed method is presented in a general fashion and numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of the theory.
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Date Issued
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1990
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14659
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Subject Headings
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Shells (Engineering)--Vibration, Wave guides
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Interlaminar crack propagation in thick composite shells.
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Creator
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Ozdil, Feridun., Florida Atlantic University, Carlsson, Leif A., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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Delamination growth has been investigated as a potential failure mechanism for filament-wound composite cylinders used for offshore and underwater structures. Analysis and experiments on DCB, ENF, and MMB beam fracture specimens machined from angle-ply laminate panels and filament-wound composite cylinders are presented. Bending analysis of beam fracture specimens machined from flat panels and composite cylinders was derived from first order shear deformation theory and one-dimensional...
Show moreDelamination growth has been investigated as a potential failure mechanism for filament-wound composite cylinders used for offshore and underwater structures. Analysis and experiments on DCB, ENF, and MMB beam fracture specimens machined from angle-ply laminate panels and filament-wound composite cylinders are presented. Bending analysis of beam fracture specimens machined from flat panels and composite cylinders was derived from first order shear deformation theory and one-dimensional expressions obtained from laminated plate and shell theories. For the DCB specimens, elastic foundation effects were modeled. Experiments on flat, glass/polyester laminate beam specimens considered [0]6, [+/-30]5 and [+/-45] 5 lay-ups with mid-plane delaminations. Experiments on beam specimens machined from composite cylinders were conducted on [+/- q ]6 and [+/- q ]12 lay-ups with mid-surface delaminations where q = 30 degrees, 55 degrees and 85 degrees. For all lay-ups and specimen configurations, beam model predictions of compliance were in good agreement with experimental data over the range of laminate thicknesses, ply angles, and crack lengths examined. Fracture toughness for delamination propagation was examined for flat glass/polyester panels and glass/epoxy cylinders. The initiation value of mode II fracture toughness, GIIc, was much larger than the initiation value of mode I fracture toughness GIc. The initiation value of mixed mode fracture toughness, Gc, increased with decreased ratio GI/GII and increased ply angle q . Debonding of transversely oriented fiber bundles was observed as a major crack arrest and fracture resistance mechanism for the flat, glass/polyester angle-ply laminates. Bridging by interlaced fiber bundles and crack jumping to another interface contributed to crack arrest and limited the growth in the curved, glass/epoxy angle-ply laminates. For all lay-ups, the crack propagated in a non-uniform manner across the width of the specimen as explained by elastic coupling effects in the laminate beams of the cracked region.
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Date Issued
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1999
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12588
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Subject Headings
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Laminated materials, Shells (Engineering), Composite materials
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Temporal variation in microstructure of the inner shell surface of Corbicula Fluminea (Bivalvia: Heterodonta).
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Creator
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Tiu, Antonieto Tan, Prezant, R. S., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
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Date Issued
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1989
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007189
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Subject Headings
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Leaf River (Miss.), Corbicula fluminea, Bivalves, Shells, Microstructure, Variation (Biology)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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SELF-ASSEMBLING OF NEUTRAL AND CHARGED NANOPARTICLES INTO CORE-SHELL NANOHYBRIDS THROUGH HETEROAGGREGATION WITH SIZE CONTROL.
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Creator
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Hussain, Kazi Albab, Yi, Peng, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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Core-shell nanohybrids have wide applications in pollutant degradation. In this study, core-shell nanohybrid was formed through heteroaggregation between neutral nanoparticles (i.e., hematite nanoparticles or HemNPs) and charged nanoparticles (i.e., carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles or PSNPs). In the dispersant solution of 1 mM NaCl at pH 6.3, HemNPs were neutral and underwent favorable homoaggregation, whereas PSNPs were negatively charged and underwent no homoaggregation. When the two...
Show moreCore-shell nanohybrids have wide applications in pollutant degradation. In this study, core-shell nanohybrid was formed through heteroaggregation between neutral nanoparticles (i.e., hematite nanoparticles or HemNPs) and charged nanoparticles (i.e., carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles or PSNPs). In the dispersant solution of 1 mM NaCl at pH 6.3, HemNPs were neutral and underwent favorable homoaggregation, whereas PSNPs were negatively charged and underwent no homoaggregation. When the two types of particles were mixed, homoaggregation of HemNPs and heteroaggregation between HemNPs and PSNPs took place simultaneously, forming HemNPs-PSNPs heteroaggregates. The transmission electron microscopy images of heteroaggregates show that HemNPs and PSNPs formed core-shell structure in which HemNPs were the cores and PSNPs were the shells. The size of the core-shell nanohybrids can be controlled by varying the concentration ratio of HemNPs to PSNPs. The increase of the size of charged nanoparticles resulted in larger nanohybrids. This new method has lower energy footprint than existing ones.
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Date Issued
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2019
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013317
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Subject Headings
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Nanoparticles, Core-shell structures, Nanohybrids, Aggregation (Chemistry)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Buckling of composite cylindrical shells with geometric, thickness and material imperfections.
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Creator
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Li, Yiwei., Florida Atlantic University, Elishakoff, Isaac, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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This dissertation deals with the determination of buckling loads of composite cylindrical shell structures which involve uncertainty either in geometry, namely thickness variation, or in material properties. Systematic research has been carried out, which evolves from the simple isotropic cases to anisotropic cases. Since the initial geometric imperfection has a dominant role in the reduction of those imperfection-sensitive structures such as cylindrical shells, the combined effect of...
Show moreThis dissertation deals with the determination of buckling loads of composite cylindrical shell structures which involve uncertainty either in geometry, namely thickness variation, or in material properties. Systematic research has been carried out, which evolves from the simple isotropic cases to anisotropic cases. Since the initial geometric imperfection has a dominant role in the reduction of those imperfection-sensitive structures such as cylindrical shells, the combined effect of thickness variation and initial imperfection is also investigated in depth. Both analytic and numerical methods are used to derive the solutions to the problems and asymptotic formulas relating the buckling load to the geometric (thickness variation and/or initial imperfection) parameter are established. It is shown that the axisymmetric thickness variation has the most detrimental effect on the buckling load when the modal number of thickness variation is twice as much as that of the classical buckling mode. For the composite shells with uncertainty in material properties, the convex modelling is employed to evaluate the variability of buckling load. Based on the experimental data for the elastic moduli of the composite laminates, the upper and lower bounds of the buckling load are derived, which are numerically substantiated by the results from nonlinear programming. These bounds will be useful in practice and can provide engineers with a better view of the real load-carrying capacity of the composite structure. Finally, the elastic modulus is modeled as a function of coordinates to complete the study on variability of material property so that the result can be obtained to account for the situation where the elastic modulus is different from one place to another in the structure.
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Date Issued
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1996
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12444
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Subject Headings
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Composite materials, Buckling (Mechanics), Shells (Engineering), Structural dynamics
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Middle frequency target characteristics.
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Creator
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Castagnet, Sabine., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M.
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Abstract/Description
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The problem of inverse scattering where the scattering structure is unknown, and the physical properties are predicted from the measured echo when the target is insonified with known waveforms, is investigated in this thesis. The scattering structure studied is a submerged, evacuated, spherical elastic shell. The formulation of the echo is carried out using thin shell theory for low and middle frequency range, which basically assumes that shear stresses are negligible. The echo is...
Show moreThe problem of inverse scattering where the scattering structure is unknown, and the physical properties are predicted from the measured echo when the target is insonified with known waveforms, is investigated in this thesis. The scattering structure studied is a submerged, evacuated, spherical elastic shell. The formulation of the echo is carried out using thin shell theory for low and middle frequency range, which basically assumes that shear stresses are negligible. The echo is characterized by the form function in the frequency domain, and the impulse response in the time domain. The results of this thesis show that when using a chirp signal with a 200-250kHz bandwidth as the incident waveform, both the material and size of the shell can be recovered. However, the exact thickness of the shell wall couldn't be extracted.
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Date Issued
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1997
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15423
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Subject Headings
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Elastic plates and shells, Sonar, Frequency response (Dynamics)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Mobility power flow (MPF) approach applied to fluid-loaded shells with ring discontinuities.
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Creator
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McCain, Thomas Scott., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract/Description
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The vibrational and acoustic characteristics of fluid-loaded, cylindrical shells with single or multiple, aperiodically-spaced ring discontinuities are studied using an approach based on the mobility power flow (MPF) method and a hybrid numerical/analytical method for the evaluation of the velocity Green's function of the shell. The discontinuities are associated with internal structures coupled to the shell via ring junctions. The approach is a framework allowing alternative shell and/or...
Show moreThe vibrational and acoustic characteristics of fluid-loaded, cylindrical shells with single or multiple, aperiodically-spaced ring discontinuities are studied using an approach based on the mobility power flow (MPF) method and a hybrid numerical/analytical method for the evaluation of the velocity Green's function of the shell. The discontinuities are associated with internal structures coupled to the shell via ring junctions. The approach is a framework allowing alternative shell and/or internal structure models to be used. The solution consists of the net vibrational power flow between the shell and internal structure(s) at the junction(s), the shell's velocity Green's function, and the far-field acoustic pressure. Use of the MPF method is advantageous because the net power flow solution can be used as a diagnostic tool in ascertaining the proper coupling between the shell and internal structure(s) at the junction(s). Results are presented for two canonical problems: an infinite, thin cylindrical shell, externally fluid-loaded by a heavy fluid, coupled internally to: (1) a single damped circular plate bulkhead, and (2) a double bulkhead consisting of two identical damped circular plates spaced a shell diameter apart. Two excitation mechanisms are considered for each model: (1) insonification of the shell by an obliquely-incident, acoustic plane wave, and (2) a radial ring load applied to the shell away from the junction(s). The shell's radial velocity Green's function and far-field acoustic pressure results are presented and analyzed to study the behavior of each model. In addition, a comparison of these results accentuates the qualitative difference in the behavior between the single and multiple junction models. When multiple internal structures are present, the results are strongly influenced by inter-junction coupling communicated through the shell and the fluid. Results are presented for circumferential modes n = 0 & 2. The qualitative differences in the results for modes n = 0 and n = 2 (indicative of all modes n > 0ified in the far-field acoustic pressure and velocity Green's function response with the characteristics of the shell and internal plate bulkhead. The results for the single junction model demonstrate the significance of the shell's membrane waves on the reradiation of acoustic energy from the shell; however, when multiple junctions are present, inter-junction coupling results in a significant broad acoustic scattering pattern. Using the results and analysis presented here, a better understanding can be obtained of fluid-loaded shells, which can be used to reduce the strength of the acoustic pressure field produced by the shell.
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Date Issued
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1996
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12490
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Subject Headings
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Shells (Engineering)--Vibration, Cylinders--Vibration, Fluid dynamics, Sound--Transmission
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Mobility power flow analysis of an infinite cylindrical shell with an enclosed plate discontinuity.
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Creator
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Buchmann, Patrick Pierre., Florida Atlantic University, Cuschieri, Joseph M.
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Abstract/Description
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A mobility power flow approach is used to study the response of an infinitely-long cylindrical shell with an internal plate discontinuity. The shell is excited by either a ring radial force or by a plane acoustic wave. The junction between the shell and the internal plate is assumed to be radially pinned such that in-plane waves of the plate can be neglected. The junction forces are expressed in terms of the mobility functions of the plate and the shell. From knowledge of the junction forces...
Show moreA mobility power flow approach is used to study the response of an infinitely-long cylindrical shell with an internal plate discontinuity. The shell is excited by either a ring radial force or by a plane acoustic wave. The junction between the shell and the internal plate is assumed to be radially pinned such that in-plane waves of the plate can be neglected. The junction forces are expressed in terms of the mobility functions of the plate and the shell. From knowledge of the junction forces and velocities, the power input, the power flow from the shell to the plate, the shell response and the radiated far-field scattered pressure are determined for the circumferential mode n = 0. The results show how the energy propagates from one structure to the other, and present a very clear picture of the characteristics of the scattering pattern from the junction forces.
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Date Issued
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1994
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15113
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Subject Headings
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Shells (Engineering)--Vibration, Plates (Engineering)--Vibration, Structural dynamics, Vibration
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The discourse of the divine: radical traditions of black feminism, musicking, and myth within the black public sphere (civil rights to the present).
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Creator
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Carter, Issac Martel, White, Derrick, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of History
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Abstract/Description
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The Discourse of the Divine: Radical Traditions of Black Feminism, Musicking,and Myth within the Black Public Sphere (Civil Rights to the Present) is an exploration of the historical precursors and the contemporary developments of Black feminism in America, via Black female musical production and West and Central African cosmology. Historical continuity and consciousness of African spirituality within the development of Black feminism are analyzed alongside the musical practices of two Black...
Show moreThe Discourse of the Divine: Radical Traditions of Black Feminism, Musicking,and Myth within the Black Public Sphere (Civil Rights to the Present) is an exploration of the historical precursors and the contemporary developments of Black feminism in America, via Black female musical production and West and Central African cosmology. Historical continuity and consciousness of African spirituality within the development of Black feminism are analyzed alongside the musical practices of two Black female musicians, Nina Simone and Me’shell Ndegéocello. Simone and Ndegéocello, The High Priestess of Soul and the Mother of Neo-Soul, respectively, distend the commodified confines of Black music and identity by challenging the established norms of music and knowledge production. These artists’ lyrics, politics, and representations substantiate the “Signifyin(g)” elements of West and Central African feminist mythologies and music- making traditions.
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Date Issued
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2015
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004434, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004434
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Subject Headings
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African American women -- Social conditions, African American women -- Spirituality, African American women in popular culture, Feminist theory, NdegéOcello, Me'Shell -- 1969- -- Music -- Influence, Simone, Nina -- 1933-2003 -- Music -- Influence, Womanist theology
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Format
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Document (PDF)