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Title: Negotiation of meaning in interlanguage talk.
Creator: Tegge, Friederike A., Florida Atlantic University, DuBravac, Stayc, Department of Languages, Linguistics and Comparative Literature, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
Abstract/Description: This small-scale study investigated the extent to which negotiations of meaning during methodologically focused communicative partner-activities were concerned with a grammatical target structure, the dative case following spatial prepositions in German. In addition, the impact of the negotiation of the target structure on subsequent learner performance was investigated. The subjects, beginning-level students of German, participated in two two-way information-gap activities, preceded and...
Show moreThis small-scale study investigated the extent to which negotiations of meaning during methodologically focused communicative partner-activities were concerned with a grammatical target structure, the dative case following spatial prepositions in German. In addition, the impact of the negotiation of the target structure on subsequent learner performance was investigated. The subjects, beginning-level students of German, participated in two two-way information-gap activities, preceded and followed by the same grammaticality judgment test. The interaction was audiotaped and transcribed. The improvement in accuracy between the pretest and the posttest was calculated and correlated with the number of negotiation moves. The results indicate that the subjects negotiated meaning, including form, frequently. However, no significant change in the subjects' subsequent performance was observed.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13114
Subject Headings: Interlanguage (Language learning), Language transfer (Language learning), Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Spanish accented English: Pronunciation accuracy and factors affecting L2 acquisition.
Creator: Donadio, Antonella., Florida Atlantic University, Trammell, Robert L.
Abstract/Description: This study examines the English pronunciation of 20 native speakers of Spanish of the Americas who have been living in the United States for a period ranging from 1 to 37 years. The 20 participants were divided into three groups according to their age of arrival and length of residence in the United States. The subjects recorded 22 sentences which contained notorious interference features such as the lax vowels /I, U, ∧, ae/, the distinctions between /c-s/, /s-z/, /theta-t/ and between /b d g...
Show moreThis study examines the English pronunciation of 20 native speakers of Spanish of the Americas who have been living in the United States for a period ranging from 1 to 37 years. The 20 participants were divided into three groups according to their age of arrival and length of residence in the United States. The subjects recorded 22 sentences which contained notorious interference features such as the lax vowels /I, U, ∧, ae/, the distinctions between /c-s/, /s-z/, /theta-t/ and between /b d g/ versus Spanish [beta th gamma]. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors of age of learning, length of residence, amount of L2 use, amount of English instruction, and gender and their significance for the pronunciation accuracy in English.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12931
Subject Headings: English language--Pronunciation by foreign speakers, Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Belongingness and integrative motivation in second language acquisition.
Creator: Kvasnak, Robb., College of Education, Department of Teaching and Learning
Abstract/Description: This study investigates the perceptions that second language students have of those who speak the language that these students are trying to acquire and examines how these perceptions relate to students' progress in acquiring the target language. The study is based on the psychological theory of the need to belong, i.e. belongingness as well as on the concept of integrative motivation. This study is a qualitative investigation that uses the Repertory Grid Technique and Personal Construct...
Show moreThis study investigates the perceptions that second language students have of those who speak the language that these students are trying to acquire and examines how these perceptions relate to students' progress in acquiring the target language. The study is based on the psychological theory of the need to belong, i.e. belongingness as well as on the concept of integrative motivation. This study is a qualitative investigation that uses the Repertory Grid Technique and Personal Construct Theory in order to elicit subject perceptions and their constructs. Membership checking was carried out with nine of the originally interviewed 22 subjects in order to obtain more insight into the subjects' perceptions of themselves, their progress, and, most importantly, their perceptions of the target language speakers. One of the important findings in this study is the establishment of what elements second language students use to construct views of target language speakers., The subjects of this study used specific culture, generic culture, language, and perceptions to try to understand target language speakers. Furthermore, those subjects who had graduated from the community college program from which the subjects were drawn and who were now working in the everyday world showed strong desire to integrate into English-speaking society. Conversely, these program graduates showed an increased degree of criticism of American English speakers. Their views may be attributed to the close contact and lack of preparation for contact with target language speakers, as the community college program contained little or no instruction on American English culture., The perceptions of being marginalized expressed by the graduates, perceptions not shared by those students still in the community college program, indicate a need for a change in curriculum which would emphasize the students' social needs outside of and beyond the classroom and cultivate a sense of belonging to target language society. Belongingness and integrative motivation may well the key to a bright new future of second language acquisition. As more research is done on the significance of both concepts, and as they are increasingly incorporated into language learning classrooms, students should acquire target languages with greater ease.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/47403
Subject Headings: Second language acquisition, Language and languages, Study and teaching, Communicative competence, Identity (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Phonological memory and the development of vocabulary and grammar in young Spanish-English bilinguals.
Creator: Parra, Marisol., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This study tested the hypotheses that phonological memory contributes to vocabulary and grammatical development in young Spanish-English bilinguals, and that the relation between phonological memory and both vocabulary and grammar is language-specific. Phonological memory skill was the percentage of consonants correctly repeated (PCC) in English, and Spanish Nonword Repetition (NWR) tasks at 22 months. Vocabulary size and grammatical complexity were measured at 25 months using the English and...
Show moreThis study tested the hypotheses that phonological memory contributes to vocabulary and grammatical development in young Spanish-English bilinguals, and that the relation between phonological memory and both vocabulary and grammar is language-specific. Phonological memory skill was the percentage of consonants correctly repeated (PCC) in English, and Spanish Nonword Repetition (NWR) tasks at 22 months. Vocabulary size and grammatical complexity were measured at 25 months using the English and Spanish versions for the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Nonword repetition accuracy was significantly related to both subsequent vocabulary size and grammatical complexity within and across languages after controlling for the percentage of input in English. The relations were not significantly higher within than between languages. The results suggest that in these young Spanish-English simultaneous bilinguals phonological memory is a language-general ability that contributes to the development of vocabulary and grammar in both English and Spanish.
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Date Issued: 2010
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/1927606
Subject Headings: Language and languages, Physiological aspects, Bilingualism, Second language acquisition, Learning, Psychology of
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The application of the less is more hypothesis in foreign language learning.
Creator: Chin, Simone L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This study tests Newports Less is More hypothesis with a language teaching experiment. Computerized French language lessons were presented to forty-two adults over two one-hour sessions. Learning trials were presented either in full sentences to resemble the adult learning environment, or in small increments that gradually increased to full sentences, resembling the steadily expanding processing capabilities of children. Trials were also presented randomly or ordered such that multiple...
Show moreThis study tests Newports Less is More hypothesis with a language teaching experiment. Computerized French language lessons were presented to forty-two adults over two one-hour sessions. Learning trials were presented either in full sentences to resemble the adult learning environment, or in small increments that gradually increased to full sentences, resembling the steadily expanding processing capabilities of children. Trials were also presented randomly or ordered such that multiple examples of the same objects and verbs were presented consecutively. Language proficiency tests were administered after the lessons. A 2 (Presentation: incremental or full sentence) x 2 (Order of presentation: blocked or random) mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The incremental conditions outperformed the sentence conditions on all proficiency measures. There was no significant effect of the blocking manipulation. This outcome suggests that a teaching method based on Newport's Less is More hypothesis can be advantageous in learning a foreign language.
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Date Issued: 2009
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368254
Subject Headings: Second language acquisition, Methodology, Language and languages, Study and teaching, Cognitive grammar, Biolinguistics, Human information processing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The effects of gesturing, blocked order, and incremental presentation in foreign language learning.
Creator: Chin, Simone L., Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Research in second language acquisition reveals that adults have difficulty learning the grammatical aspects of a foreign language. The present study investigated the efficacy of three teaching methods that were predicted to help adults better learn the grammar of a foreign language. First, lessons were presented in small pieces that gradually increased to full sentences. Second, lesson trials were blocked such that multiple examples of sentences with the same object or verb were presented...
Show moreResearch in second language acquisition reveals that adults have difficulty learning the grammatical aspects of a foreign language. The present study investigated the efficacy of three teaching methods that were predicted to help adults better learn the grammar of a foreign language. First, lessons were presented in small pieces that gradually increased to full sentences. Second, lesson trials were blocked such that multiple examples of sentences with the same object or verb were presented consecutively. Third, participants were instructed to gesture the actions of the verbs within sentences. All three methods were predicted to increase the likelihood of learning the grammar form of sentences through guiding adults’ attention to fewer components of language input at a time. In Experiment 1, 82 English native speakers played an adventure videogame designed for the learning of French vocabulary and grammar of French sentences for two one-hour sessions. All three methods were incorporated in the lessons portion of the game resulting in a 2(incremental vs. full sentence) X 2(blocked vs. unblocked order) X 2(gesture vs. no gesture) between subjects design. The results from Experiment 1 revealed a) more nouns were acquired than verbs and b) a trend that the incremental conditions performed worse than the full sentence conditions on the grammar measures. In Experiment 2, 110 adult learners played the French videogame, but only the blocked presentation and gesture imitation methods were incorporated in the lessons portion (omitting the method of incremental presentation). The results from Experiment 2 revealed a) conditions with either method of blocked presentation or gesturing performed better on vocabulary and grammar measures than the unblocked non-gesture condition, and b) the combination of blocked presentation and gesturing led to better learning of inductive grammar than either method alone. The outcome of the study suggests gesturing and blocked order teaching methods that encourage adults to attend to a few but important components within a sentence are advantageous in learning the grammar of a foreign language.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004186, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004186
Subject Headings: Bilingualism, Biolinguistics, Cognitive grammar, Language and languages -- Study and teaching, Nonverbal communication, Second language acquisition -- Methodology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Language production and comprehension in bilingual children.
Creator: Ribot, Krystal M., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Many adults who have dual language experience describe themselves as "passive bilinguals," able to understand two languages, but speak only one. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between language production and comprehension in bilingual children in order to determine whether bilingual comprehension is more readily achieved than production. ... Productive and receptive skills in both languages were assessed using standardized tests. Children's relative amount of exposure to...
Show moreMany adults who have dual language experience describe themselves as "passive bilinguals," able to understand two languages, but speak only one. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between language production and comprehension in bilingual children in order to determine whether bilingual comprehension is more readily achieved than production. ... Productive and receptive skills in both languages were assessed using standardized tests. Children's relative amount of exposure to each language, as well as their language choice during production was measured via interview with the primary caregiver.... Language exposure as measured via dominance in one language over another appears to affect productive language differently than receptive language, further evidencing that language exposure is a significant predictor of acquisition that predicts production and comprehension differently. Additionally, when input is held constant, child language choice is uniquely related to productive and receptive language skill. The results of this study not only describe patterns of productive and receptive language skills and their correlates in young bilinguals, but they also address competing theories regarding the roles of input and output in the development of language comprehension and production.
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Date Issued: 2012
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358962
Subject Headings: Bilingualism in children, Second language acquisition, Cognitive learning, Language transfer (Language learning)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An Examination of Academic Performance of Haitian- Creole- and Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners Based on the Number of Years in the ELL program.
Creator: Augustin, Ducarmel S., Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
Abstract/Description: The primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between Haitian-Creole and Spanish-speaking English Language Learners students’ number of years in the ELL program and their academic achievement as indicated by performance on the third-grade Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test Reading. This study also sought to determine if elementary school size (total student population), ELL student count (total number of ELL students in a school), school socioeconomic status (percentage...
Show moreThe primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between Haitian-Creole and Spanish-speaking English Language Learners students’ number of years in the ELL program and their academic achievement as indicated by performance on the third-grade Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test Reading. This study also sought to determine if elementary school size (total student population), ELL student count (total number of ELL students in a school), school socioeconomic status (percentage of free and reduced lunch), student gender, and student home language (Haitian-Creole and Spanish), individual SES, and individual Idea Proficiency Test moderate the relationship. The study included data analysis using quantitative methods for the 141 elementary schools in school district. A bivariate correlation of the Pearson Correlation value (r = -.021, p > .05) was used to test the relationship between the number of years in the ELL program and achievement results for third-grade student FCAT Reading proficiency and the moderator variables (elementary school size, ELL student count, school SES, student gender, student home language, individual SES, and IPT individual score). Later, a multiple regression was used to test the moderation hypotheses. The study found that the degree of relationship between the number of years students are in the ELL program and FCAT scores of Haitian-Creole- and Spanishspeaking English Language Learner students is higher as SES increases. As SES decreases, so does the relationship. Of the 1,204 records reviewed, 423 were classified as Haitian-Creole-speaking students versus 782 classified as Spanish-speaking students. Only 16% of the students scored a level 3-5 (passed as proficient) as opposed to 84% who scored a level 1-2 (non-proficient). The study reveals a need for further research to investigate the impact that ELLs’ SES as well as the school’s SES has on the school’s achievement.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004654, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004654
Subject Headings: English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers, School improvement programs -- Florida, Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Relations between Home Language Exposure and Vocabulary Development in Bilingual Toddlers.
Creator: Bridges, Kelly, Hoff, Erika, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: This study examined the relation between home language exposure from different household members, specifically older siblings, and English and Spanish vocabulary development in bilingual toddlers. The English and Spanish vocabularies of 38 toddlers (19 boys and 19 girls; Mage = 2.14 years, SD = .14) were measured. Parental EI?-glish use was found to be the strongest predictor of English and Spanish proficiencies. Among households in which the parents use less than 10% English, having older...
Show moreThis study examined the relation between home language exposure from different household members, specifically older siblings, and English and Spanish vocabulary development in bilingual toddlers. The English and Spanish vocabularies of 38 toddlers (19 boys and 19 girls; Mage = 2.14 years, SD = .14) were measured. Parental EI?-glish use was found to be the strongest predictor of English and Spanish proficiencies. Among households in which the parents use less than 10% English, having older siblings had no effect on English language proficiency but was associated with lower levels of Spanish proficiency.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000728
Subject Headings: Bilingualism in children, Second language acquisition, Sociolinguistics, Interaction analysis in education, Language and culture
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The Out-of-Home Dual Language Exposure of Children from Spanish-Speaking Homes: Changes from 2 to 5 Years.
Creator: Welsh, Stephanie N., Hoff, Erika, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: In order to explain the development of English and Spanish skills in children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States, it is necessary to identify their sources of language exposure. Most research to date has focused on home language use. The aim of this study is to identify sources of English and Spanish exposure outside the home that bilingual children experience between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The present study focuses on 3 potential sources: grandparents, extracurricular...
Show moreIn order to explain the development of English and Spanish skills in children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States, it is necessary to identify their sources of language exposure. Most research to date has focused on home language use. The aim of this study is to identify sources of English and Spanish exposure outside the home that bilingual children experience between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The present study focuses on 3 potential sources: grandparents, extracurricular activities, and early childcare and education settings. We ask how much English and Spanish exposure children receive, how that changes from 2.5 to 5 years, and whether family variables influence those changes. Participants were 149 children from Spanish-speaking homes in southeastern Florida, with at least one parent an immigrant from a Spanish-speaking country. Measured out-of-home sources of input included hours per of week of English and Spanish from a Grandparent, during Extracurricular Activities, and during Preschool at 30, 36, 42, 48, and 60 months. Parents’ Native Language Background groups were either both native Spanish-speaking or one native, Spanish-speaking and one native, English-speaking. Maternal Education was treated as a dichotomous variable: mothers whose highest level of education in English is less than a four-year college degree and mothers whose highest level of education in English is equivalent to or greater than a four-year college degree. Child Birth Order was also treated as a dichotomous variable: only children and first-born children or later born children. Results revealed that for these children from Spanish-speaking homes, Grandparents are primarily a source of heritage-language (Spanish) input and Extracurricular Activities and Preschool are primarily a source of societal-language (English) input. Findings suggest English exposure from out-of-home sources increases over time possibly at the expense of Spanish exposure. Parents’ Native Language Backgrounds and Maternal Education influenced children’s exposure to both languages from these outside sources of input; Child Birth Order did not. Implications for future research and practical application are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004891, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004891
Subject Headings: Child development., Second language acquisition., Language acquisition--Parent participation., Bilingualism in children., Language awareness in children., Language transfer (Language learning), Verbal ability.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The role of other-regulation in second language learners of beginning Spanish.
Creator: Seiden, Carolina M., Florida Atlantic University, DuBravac, Stayc
Abstract/Description: This qualitative study analyzes speech data from learner's interaction in small group and paired activities in the classroom. The analysis is framed in Vygotsky's theory of language. The findings suggest that peer-peer interaction alone does not increase the opportunities for students to understand, practice and incorporate new concepts into their developing second language. Other-regulation---collaborative dialogue---and scaffolding---the task preparation so the student is compelled to...
Show moreThis qualitative study analyzes speech data from learner's interaction in small group and paired activities in the classroom. The analysis is framed in Vygotsky's theory of language. The findings suggest that peer-peer interaction alone does not increase the opportunities for students to understand, practice and incorporate new concepts into their developing second language. Other-regulation---collaborative dialogue---and scaffolding---the task preparation so the student is compelled to perform a task that appears to be within his/her reach---are compromised when the task lacks context and personal significance for the students.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13120
Subject Headings: Second language acquisition, Interdisciplinary approach in education, Spanish language--Study and teaching, Language and languages--Study and teaching
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The emotional experience of language in English Spanish bilinguals.
Creator: Velez Uribe, Idaly, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Bilinguals commonly report experiencing emotions differently depending on which language are they speaking. Emotionally loaded words were expected to be appraised differently in first versus second language in a sample of Spanish-English bilinguals (n=117). English (L2) ratings were subtracted from Spanish (L1) ratings; the resulted scores were used as dependent variable in the analyses. Three categories of words (positive, negative and taboo) were appraised in both languages (English and...
Show moreBilinguals commonly report experiencing emotions differently depending on which language are they speaking. Emotionally loaded words were expected to be appraised differently in first versus second language in a sample of Spanish-English bilinguals (n=117). English (L2) ratings were subtracted from Spanish (L1) ratings; the resulted scores were used as dependent variable in the analyses. Three categories of words (positive, negative and taboo) were appraised in both languages (English and Spanish)and two sensory modalities (Visual and auditory). The differences in valence scores in Spanish (L1) and English (L2) were expected to be significantly higher when presented aurally than when presented visually. Additionally, taboo words were expected to yield larger differential scores than negative and positive words. The 2 X 3 general linear model (GLM) revealed no significant effect of sensory modality but a significant effect of word type. Additional analyses of the influence of language and sensory modality within each word category resulted in significant differences in ratings between languages. Positive word ratings were higher (more positive) in English than in Spanish.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004417
Subject Headings: Bilingualism -- Psychological aspects, Education, Bilingual, Emotions, English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers, English language -- Study and teaching as a second language, Psycholinguistics, Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: English language learners in Florida: a dissertation about a legal and policy study of Florida's Multicultural Educaton Training and Advocacy (META) Consent Decree.
Creator: Rodriguez, Maria de L., College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
Abstract/Description: The increasing number of English language learners (ELL) in Florida's public schools has brought challenges to educational leaders as they work to provide educational opportunity to these children. In 1990, several community and activist groups filed a lawsuit against the Florida Department of Education to pressure it to provide adequate English language programs in all public schools. The lawsuit resulted in Floridas META Consent Decree (MCD), a legal accord by which Florida agreed to...
Show moreThe increasing number of English language learners (ELL) in Florida's public schools has brought challenges to educational leaders as they work to provide educational opportunity to these children. In 1990, several community and activist groups filed a lawsuit against the Florida Department of Education to pressure it to provide adequate English language programs in all public schools. The lawsuit resulted in Floridas META Consent Decree (MCD), a legal accord by which Florida agreed to provide adequate teacher training and educational programs, thereby improving access to equal opportunity for ELLs. ELLs are also called limited English proficient (LEP) students in other states. This term was changed in Florida because the LEP label brought with it a negative connotation as it referred to proficiency within the learning of English as a limitation rather than as an asset. The study presents a comprehensive review of the MCD and its eleven main components. Through document and content analysis, the study intended to ix determine whether Florida's 67 public school districts comply with the decree and whether policies are in place to implement the court authorized processes. The study begins with an introduction, which includes historical data and Florida demographics that relate to the issue of second language learners. A review of the literature incorporates legal cases and pertinent educational policies that have preceded the decree., The review also examined the major political and educational barriers that English language learners (ELL) encounter in Florida, as well as the research that suggests what programs and practices are required for successful second language learning. From the impact of antiimmigrant sentiments and English-only movements, to the League of United Latin-American Citizens (LULAC) v.FL Board of Education (1990) class action lawsuit, the study investigated the status of ELL programs in the state of Florida and the debates that surrounds them.The study intended to inform fellow educational leaders of these topics so that our work on behalf of K-12 ELLs can be more effective. Recognizing and preparing for the impact that the increasing numbers of ELLs will continue to have in Florida is an integral part of becoming a well-rounded educational leader and facilitates providing the services these students require, deserve, and to which they are entitled. The study also informs policymakers and practitioners of the pending needs and provides a roadmap to improving second language learning programs and practices in Florida.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3333311
Subject Headings: English language, Study and teaching, Foreign speakers, Second language acquisition, Minorities, Education, Language arts, Educational equalization
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Comparing the use of second language communication strategies in oral interaction and synchronous computer-mediated communication.
Creator: Knierim, Markus., Florida Atlantic University, DuBravac, Stayc
Abstract/Description: This study investigates whether synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) has the potential to foster second language learners' strategic competence (as a component of communicative competence). For this purpose, the use of communication strategies (CSs) by 15 fourth-semester students of German during four computer-mediated and four oral "jigsaw" tasks is compared. The students used more CSs in oral interaction, which is attributed to a lesser degree of utterance planning in oral...
Show moreThis study investigates whether synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) has the potential to foster second language learners' strategic competence (as a component of communicative competence). For this purpose, the use of communication strategies (CSs) by 15 fourth-semester students of German during four computer-mediated and four oral "jigsaw" tasks is compared. The students used more CSs in oral interaction, which is attributed to a lesser degree of utterance planning in oral interaction and stronger time constraints in synchronous CMC. However, this quantitative difference is due to only five students' use of significantly more CSs in oral interaction. The distribution of the various CS types was similar in both communication modes; only code-switching occurred much more frequently in synchronous CMC, which is attributed to stronger time constraints in this medium and less monitoring by the instructor. Hence, synchronous CMC is not superior to oral interaction as far as promoting CS use is concerned.
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12814
Subject Headings: Telematics, Interaction analysis in education, Second language acquisition--Data processing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Examining principled L1 use in the foreign language classroom.
Creator: Osswald, Isabel., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Languages, Linguistics and Comparative Literature
Abstract/Description: This study examines the potential benefits of using the native language of learners in a principled way by reviewing research that represents the dominant view of using only the second or target language (L2) against a growing body of literature that argues for principled L1 use. The development of the direct and monolingual method and its key aspects are discussed, and bilingual methods and arguments for implementing the first language (L1) in a foreign language classroom are reviewed and...
Show moreThis study examines the potential benefits of using the native language of learners in a principled way by reviewing research that represents the dominant view of using only the second or target language (L2) against a growing body of literature that argues for principled L1 use. The development of the direct and monolingual method and its key aspects are discussed, and bilingual methods and arguments for implementing the first language (L1) in a foreign language classroom are reviewed and evaluated. An attitudinal case study investigating learners' attitudes towards L1 use in the classroom showed that students prefer a mixture of L1 and L2, and that the principled use of the L1 has positive effects on the learner.
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Date Issued: 2010
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2978943
Subject Headings: Language and languages, Study and teaching, Monolingual method, Language and languages, Study and teaching, Bilingual method, Second language acquisition, Curriculum planning, Communication in education
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The analysis of barriers and motivators of early care and education English as a second language students enrolled in a state college customized ECE ESL course.
Creator: Franck, Edwiygh, Bryan, Valerie, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
Abstract/Description: An intrinsic case study was conducted to understand what helps Early Care and Education (ECE) English as a Second Language (ESL) students to enroll in a customized ECE ESL course at a local state college and what barriers may hinder their success in the course. This research examined whether the following were either motivators or barriers or both in ECE ESL participants enrolling in an ECE ESL customized course: course design and delivery, student support systems, student self-motivation,...
Show moreAn intrinsic case study was conducted to understand what helps Early Care and Education (ECE) English as a Second Language (ESL) students to enroll in a customized ECE ESL course at a local state college and what barriers may hinder their success in the course. This research examined whether the following were either motivators or barriers or both in ECE ESL participants enrolling in an ECE ESL customized course: course design and delivery, student support systems, student self-motivation, student self- efficacy, time and schedule commitment, instructor and student relationship, availability of resources, and level of classroom involvement. The results revealed that the students were highly motivated to enroll and complete the course successfully. Across the board, there was (1) a sense of gratitude from the participants for being afforded an opportunity to learn the English language, (2) evidence of knowledge of their future goals, and (3) their knowledge that learning English was their first step in achieving their goals.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004369, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004369
Subject Headings: Education, Bilingual, Educational psychology, English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers, English language -- Study and teaching as a second language, Language teachers, Training of, Motivation in education, Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Teacher perceptions of response to intervention for English learners.
Creator: McCahill, Tiffany Patella, Burnaford, Gail, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Curriculum, Culture, and Educational Inquiry
Abstract/Description: The current qualitative study focuses on how teachers perceive the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework for English learners, specifically assessments and the instructional decision-making process. RtI serves as a framework to help “close the gap” and create a more equitable environment for struggling English learners (Florida Department of Education, 2008). The current study explored elementary school general education teachers’ perceptions and understanding of the RtI process for...
Show moreThe current qualitative study focuses on how teachers perceive the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework for English learners, specifically assessments and the instructional decision-making process. RtI serves as a framework to help “close the gap” and create a more equitable environment for struggling English learners (Florida Department of Education, 2008). The current study explored elementary school general education teachers’ perceptions and understanding of the RtI process for English learners. Eight elementary general education teachers participated in two interview sessions each to address what general education teachers know about the RtI process for English learners, how teachers report their interpretation of policies and procedures with respect to instruction and assessment of English learners, how teachers feel about their understanding of RtI, and how teachers feel about their understanding of instruction and assessment for English learners. Teacher participants shared their knowledge of the importance of progress monitoring and data collection during the RtI process. Participants reported that progress monitoring and data collection were used to inform instructional decisions for English learners. Participants also provided insight into a shift in teacher accountability related to data collection and progress monitoring. Teacher participants addressed elements of the RtI process: three tiers of RtI, evidence-based interventions, data and data collection, and progress monitoring. Based on teacher responses, teachers monitor student progress, but find some elements of progress monitoring unclear. Participants expressed concern about measuring student progress and the means used to demonstrate growth and to compare struggling students to the performance of peers in the same grade level. The RtI framework includes targeted interventions for struggling students, and participants perceive that RtI helps to identify students with disabilities earlier. Participants reported benefits and drawbacks related to RtI. The participants specifically focused on the collaborative problem solving team as a beneficial support system for teachers navigating the RtI process. Teachers reported perceptions on language acquisition and learning disabilities, adjustment time for English learners, assessments for English learners, parental involvement and experiences, instruction for English learners, and professional development and support for the instruction of English learners.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004215, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004215
Subject Headings: Cognitive styles in children, Education, Bilingual, English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers, English language -- Study and teaching as a second language, Individual differences, Language teachers, Training of, Response to intervention (Learning disabled children), Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Attitudes towards multilanguage use among Latino and Asian immigrants in the United States.
Creator: Le, Cuong T., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This study was designed to measure the relation of education and ethnic identity to attitudes towards bilingualism in two different ethnic groups, Asian and Latinos in the United States. In order to do this, an instrument was developed to measure attitudes towards bilingualism. No significant relations were found among education or ethnic identity and attitudes towards bilingualism in either group, but analyses revealed several other significant relationships. The two subscales of ethnic...
Show moreThis study was designed to measure the relation of education and ethnic identity to attitudes towards bilingualism in two different ethnic groups, Asian and Latinos in the United States. In order to do this, an instrument was developed to measure attitudes towards bilingualism. No significant relations were found among education or ethnic identity and attitudes towards bilingualism in either group, but analyses revealed several other significant relationships. The two subscales of ethnic identity, MEIM-R Commitment and Exploration, were related to each other both within Asian and Latino groups and in all participants combined. In the combined sample, education levels of participants' mothers was correlated with the MEIM-R subscale of Exploration. In addition, participants with a Bachelors Degree or above were found to have significantly higher ethnic identity levels of MEIM-R Commitment than participants with an Associates Degree or below. Participants with mothers who possess a Bachelors Degree or above were found to have significantly higher ethnic identity levels of MEIM-R Exploration than participants with mothers who possess an Associates Degree or below. Finally, Asian participants were found to have lower levels of MEIM-R Commitment when compared to Latino participants.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3360953
Subject Headings: Second language acquisition, Bilingualism in children, Education, Bilingual, Social aspects, Group identity, Languages in contact, English language, Study and teaching, Foreign speakers, Ethnic relations
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Third age adult English language learners in informal library settings.
Creator: Cassell, Mary Anne., College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
Abstract/Description: There is little research-based and theoretical literature about adult education or English literacy classes in nonformal settings such as library literacy programs in the community (Mathews-Aydinli, 2008; McCook & Barber, 2002b). The purpose of this phenomenological case study was to explore the motivation, learning supports, learning barriers, and program change recommendations of Third Age Learners in a nonformal library ESOL setting. This study provides insight into the demographic...
Show moreThere is little research-based and theoretical literature about adult education or English literacy classes in nonformal settings such as library literacy programs in the community (Mathews-Aydinli, 2008; McCook & Barber, 2002b). The purpose of this phenomenological case study was to explore the motivation, learning supports, learning barriers, and program change recommendations of Third Age Learners in a nonformal library ESOL setting. This study provides insight into the demographic variable of linguistically-isolated Third Age English Language Learners (ELLs) participating in a library conversationally-based ESOL program. The results can guide libraries offering services, as well as those considering offering services to these customers (American Library Association [ALA], 2008a). Data collected included in-depth, face-to-face interviews, classroom observations, documents, learner and teacher essays, researcher journals, and analytic memos. The researcher coded all data with NVIv o 8 qualitative software then half of the data was coded with Atlas-TI 5 software by a second coder. A thematic analysis was completed in order to triangulate the data. The purposeful sample consisted of 21 participants at a Florida library adult ESOL program which included 11 learners and 10 teachers. The 11 learners were selected based on their ethnic background, predominantly those of Hispanic background. Eight learner findings and four teacher-perceived findings were identified in this study., The learner findings included: (a) to understand people at work; (b) to find or expand employment; (c) to practice conversation, pronunciation, listening, grammar and language rules; (d) to meet and get to know people; (e) assiduous teaching; (f) self-directed learning strategies support second language learning success; (g) more publicity, more classes, tutoring, language learning labs, study skills classes, and classroom management training; and (h) lack of family/community support and opportunities to practice English. Teacher-perceived findings mirrored learner findings (a) through (f) and (h), and included: (a) to increase teacher support, communications, and training; (b) to encourage the use of library resources: children's materials; language and music CDs; audiovisual materials, and Internet websites; (c) libraries are safe, supportive, and welcoming environments; and (d) how the give and take between learners and teachers is helpful to both. Discussion of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations are included.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3174503
Subject Headings: English language, Study and teaching, Foreign speakers, Minorities, Education, Language arts, Adult education, Self-actualization (Psychology) in middle age, Second language acquisition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Antecedents and Outcomes of Language Choice in Bilingual Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study.
Creator: Ribot, Krystal M., Hoff, Erika, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Bilingual children sometimes respond to their interlocutors using a different language than the one in which they were addressed. These language choices, their concurrent correlates, and relations to subsequent language growth were examined in 91 Spanish-English bilingual children (44 girls, 47 boys). Children's language choices were assessed at 30 months, and their English and Spanish productive vocabularies and receptive language skills were examined at the ages of 30, 36, and 42 months....
Show moreBilingual children sometimes respond to their interlocutors using a different language than the one in which they were addressed. These language choices, their concurrent correlates, and relations to subsequent language growth were examined in 91 Spanish-English bilingual children (44 girls, 47 boys). Children's language choices were assessed at 30 months, and their English and Spanish productive vocabularies and receptive language skills were examined at the ages of 30, 36, and 42 months. Children's language choices were concurrently related to English and Spanish productive and receptive language scores and to mothers' English and Spanish proficiency levels. Longitudinal multi-level modeling analyses indicated that children's language choices at 30 months were uniquely related to language growth on measures of English and Spanish productive vocabulary and Spanish receptive language, when controlling for language expo sure. These findings suggest that language use plays a causal role in language development. The findings of this study have implications for the maintenance of heritage languages in the U.S. and for the development of children's English language skills.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004540, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004540
Subject Headings: Bilingualism in children, Code switching (Lingustics), Cognitive learning, Language acquisition -- Parent participation, Language transfer (Language learning), Second language acquisition, Verbal ability in children -- Testing
Format: Document (PDF)

Second language acquisition (18)	+ -
Study and teaching (6)	+ -
Education, Bilingual (4)	+ -
English language -- Study and teaching -- Foreign speakers (4)	+ -
Language and languages (4)	+ -

Bilingualism in children (3)	+ -
English language (3)	+ -
English language -- Study and teaching as a second language (3)	+ -
Foreign speakers (3)	+ -
Language transfer (Language learning) (3)	+ -
Second language acquisition (3)	+ -
Bilingualism (2)	+ -
Biolinguistics (2)	+ -
Cognitive grammar (2)	+ -
Cognitive learning (2)	+ -
Education (2)	+ -
Interaction analysis in education (2)	+ -
Language arts (2)	+ -
Language teachers, Training of (2)	+ -
Minorities (2)	+ -
Second language acquisition. (2)	+ -
Academic achievement (1)	+ -
Active learning (1)	+ -
Adult education (1)	+ -
Bilingual method (1)	+ -
Bilingualism -- Psychological aspects (1)	+ -
Bilingualism in children. (1)	+ -
Bilingualism in children (1)	+ -
Child development. (1)	+ -
Code switching (Lingustics) (1)	+ -

United States (3)	+ -
Florida (1)	+ -

Florida Atlantic University (17)	+ -
College of Education (11)	+ -
Charles E. Schmidt College of Science (8)	+ -
Department of Psychology (8)	+ -
Department of Curriculum, Culture, and Educational Inquiry (5)	+ -

Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology (5)	+ -
Burnaford, Gail (3)	+ -
DuBravac, Stayc (3)	+ -
Hoff, Erika (3)	+ -
Chin, Simone L. (2)	+ -
Department of Languages, Linguistics and Comparative Literature (2)	+ -
Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters (2)	+ -
Ribot, Krystal M. (2)	+ -
Augustin, Ducarmel S. (1)	+ -
Bogotch, Ira (1)	+ -
Bridges, Kelly (1)	+ -
Bryan, Valerie (1)	+ -
Cassell, Mary Anne. (1)	+ -
Crawley, Sharon J. (1)	+ -
Department of Teaching and Learning (1)	+ -
Donadio, Antonella. (1)	+ -
East, Jill A. (1)	+ -
Floyd, Deborah L. (1)	+ -
Franck, Edwiygh (1)	+ -
Johnson, Stephen R. (1)	+ -
Kersten, Alan (1)	+ -
Knierim, Markus. (1)	+ -
Kvasnak, Robb. (1)	+ -
Le, Cuong T. (1)	+ -
Mann, David A. (1)	+ -

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