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Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load
Title
Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load.
Creator
Gunn, Diana H., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated...
Show moreThe observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated in a simllar manner. Following shifts in the amount of effort required to produce a constant reward magnitude, performance measures demonstrated positive and negative contrast effects (PCE; NCE) in relation to an appropriate control performance. Data analysis suggested that the combined effects of greater effort and shift conditions tended to increase resistance to extinction. The findings are not consistent Kith traditional (e. g., Hull, Spence) concepts with regard to CE and the influence of effort on performance. It is suggested that such effects are more consistent with a contextual, or frame-of- reference, viewpoint.
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Date Issued
1967
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012587
Subject Headings
Performance, Reinforcement (Psychology), Reward (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
DORSAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS AND REWARD MAGNITUDE SHIFTS IN RATS
Title
DORSAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS AND REWARD MAGNITUDE SHIFTS IN RATS.
Creator
NUNEZ, ANTONIO ALBERTO., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Rats with bilateral, electrolytic, dorsal-hippocampal lesions were compared with operated controls in a straight runway to assess the effects of the lesion on the animals' reactions to food-incentive shifts. Within each surgical group, half the animals received 40 preshift trials with low reward while the other half received the same number of trials with high reward, following this all Ss were shifted to the opposite reward magnitude and received 40 additional trials. At this point, the Ss...
Show moreRats with bilateral, electrolytic, dorsal-hippocampal lesions were compared with operated controls in a straight runway to assess the effects of the lesion on the animals' reactions to food-incentive shifts. Within each surgical group, half the animals received 40 preshift trials with low reward while the other half received the same number of trials with high reward, following this all Ss were shifted to the opposite reward magnitude and received 40 additional trials. At this point, the Ss were shifted back to original reward magnitudes for another 40 trials. Finally, all Ss underwent experimental extinction. The data failed to support the hypothesis that dorsal hippocampal rats "overreact" to incentive shifts. Lesion animals, as compared to controls, were less sensitive to the reward shifts and showed more resistance to extinction. The results suggest that the lesion produces a deficit in the Ss ability to vary behavior specially on tasks that require response decrements. However, the lesion-produced hyperactivity introduced confounding aspects to this interpretation.
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Date Issued
1973
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13539
Subject Headings
Hippocampus (Brain), Extinction (Psychology), Reward (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
CONTRAST EFFECTS IN THE ACQUISITION OF A BRIGHTNESS DISCRIMINATION
Title
CONTRAST EFFECTS IN THE ACQUISITION OF A BRIGHTNESS DISCRIMINATION.
Creator
MOORE, JOHN NICHOLAS, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
An attempt was made to determine the effects of successive shifts in the quality of a reinforcing agent upon the acquisition of a brightness discrimination. Two levels of sucrose concentration (4 and 32%) were combined factorially during preadaptation and discrimination phases. Dependent measures included response rate and the number of errors made during discrimination acquisition. Results indicated non-significant negative contrast effects in errors and, in addition, negative contrast and...
Show moreAn attempt was made to determine the effects of successive shifts in the quality of a reinforcing agent upon the acquisition of a brightness discrimination. Two levels of sucrose concentration (4 and 32%) were combined factorially during preadaptation and discrimination phases. Dependent measures included response rate and the number of errors made during discrimination acquisition. Results indicated non-significant negative contrast effects in errors and, in addition, negative contrast and amount of reward effects in terms of response rate. It was hypothesized that the absence of amount of reward effects in errors and positive contrast in both dependent measures was a function of a partial between groups design and ceiling effects respectively.
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Date Issued
1974
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13669
Subject Headings
Discrimination learning, Brightness perception, Reward (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)