Current Search:  Reinforcement Psychology (x)

View All Items

  • CSV Spreadsheet
(1 - 6 of 6)
AVERSIVE PROPERTIES OF TIME-OUT FROM MAXIMAL FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULES OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
Title
THE AVERSIVE PROPERTIES OF TIME-OUT FROM MAXIMAL FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULES OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT.
Creator
VOSS, TERENCE JEAN, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The aversiveness of time-out from maximal FR schedules of water reinforcement was assessed using rats as Ss. In one stimulus condition, S could produce or avoid TOs by lengthening or shortening pauses - after-reinforcement (PARs). In a second stimulus condition, Ss could similarly produce or prevent periods of stimulus change (SC). Results indicated that TO as S[triangle] or as bar retraction were equally aversive. Ss consistently shortened PARs and maintained the FR reinforcement...
Show moreThe aversiveness of time-out from maximal FR schedules of water reinforcement was assessed using rats as Ss. In one stimulus condition, S could produce or avoid TOs by lengthening or shortening pauses - after-reinforcement (PARs). In a second stimulus condition, Ss could similarly produce or prevent periods of stimulus change (SC). Results indicated that TO as S[triangle] or as bar retraction were equally aversive. Ss consistently shortened PARs and maintained the FR reinforcement contingencies, although no differential effects of SC conditions were observed. It was concluded that TO is aversive due to lack of reinforcement availability rather than to any effects specifically linked with extinction or cues associated with non-reinforced responding.
Show less
Date Issued
1972
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13494
Subject Headings
Reinforcement (Psychology), Extinction (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load
Title
Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load.
Creator
Gunn, Diana H., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated...
Show moreThe observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated in a simllar manner. Following shifts in the amount of effort required to produce a constant reward magnitude, performance measures demonstrated positive and negative contrast effects (PCE; NCE) in relation to an appropriate control performance. Data analysis suggested that the combined effects of greater effort and shift conditions tended to increase resistance to extinction. The findings are not consistent Kith traditional (e. g., Hull, Spence) concepts with regard to CE and the influence of effort on performance. It is suggested that such effects are more consistent with a contextual, or frame-of- reference, viewpoint.
Show less
Date Issued
1967
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012587
Subject Headings
Performance, Reinforcement (Psychology), Reward (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Effects of a Time Correlated Cue on Tempral Discrimination and Reinforcement
Title
Effects of a Time Correlated Cue on Tempral Discrimination and Reinforcement.
Creator
Casterton, June G., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Twenty-eight male hooded rats were trained with a time correlated cue called al1 clock. The Ss were divided into four matched groups for the four experimental procedures. The light out group had the time correlated cue removed. Two groups received 50% reinforcement; one on an alternating schedule, the other on a random basis. The regular group continued training with the clock. It was predicted that animals under the greatest control of the clock would exhibit the best temporal discrimination...
Show moreTwenty-eight male hooded rats were trained with a time correlated cue called al1 clock. The Ss were divided into four matched groups for the four experimental procedures. The light out group had the time correlated cue removed. Two groups received 50% reinforcement; one on an alternating schedule, the other on a random basis. The regular group continued training with the clock. It was predicted that animals under the greatest control of the clock would exhibit the best temporal discrimination. Dew’s notion that schedules and external stimulation provide more control than the immediate effects of reinforcement over behavior was tested. Helson’s adaptation level theory predicted that the two 50% groups would perform similarly. All four groups were significantly different from each other (p .001) based on the percent correct responses. Animals under the greatest control of the clock had the best temporal discriminations. Dew’s notion was supported. Helson's theory could not account for the differences between the two 50% reinforcement groups.
Show less
Date Issued
1968
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000731
Subject Headings
Time perception in animals, Reinforcement (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES ON THE MAINTENANCE OF VICIOUS CIRCLE BEHAVIOR
Title
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES ON THE MAINTENANCE OF VICIOUS CIRCLE BEHAVIOR.
Creator
CONSTANTINO, ANTHONY PAUL., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Following 20 shock-escape training trials, two experimental groups of rats were reinforced for either running quickly (DRH animals could preclude shock in the center section of the runway by decreasing their starting latencies) or for running slowly (DRL animals could preclude shock in the center section of the runway by increasing their starting latencies). Results showed that the DRH animals were running consistently faster than the DRL animals. The results were discussed in terms of the...
Show moreFollowing 20 shock-escape training trials, two experimental groups of rats were reinforced for either running quickly (DRH animals could preclude shock in the center section of the runway by decreasing their starting latencies) or for running slowly (DRL animals could preclude shock in the center section of the runway by increasing their starting latencies). Results showed that the DRH animals were running consistently faster than the DRL animals. The results were discussed in terms of the existing explanations of vicious circle behavior, as well as in terms of the differential effects of the reinforcement contingencies.
Show less
Date Issued
1978
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13931
Subject Headings
Reinforcement (Psychology), Vicious circle principle (Logic), Extinction (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Contingent suppression of amphetamine-induced stereotypy in cannula-fed rats
Title
Contingent suppression of amphetamine-induced stereotypy in cannula-fed rats.
Creator
Wade, John Vincent, Florida Atlantic University, Wolgin, David L.
Abstract/Description
An experiment was conducted to examine whether cannula-fed rats could learn to suppress amphetamine-induced head movements when milk infusion was contingent upon suppression of these stereotyped movements. To test this hypothesis, rats in two cannula-fed conditions, Cannula/No Lick and Cannula/Lick, received injections of amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) for 42 consecutive days. Pilot data had suggested that suppression of these movements was unlikely to occur unless some other stereotyped behavior (e...
Show moreAn experiment was conducted to examine whether cannula-fed rats could learn to suppress amphetamine-induced head movements when milk infusion was contingent upon suppression of these stereotyped movements. To test this hypothesis, rats in two cannula-fed conditions, Cannula/No Lick and Cannula/Lick, received injections of amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) for 42 consecutive days. Pilot data had suggested that suppression of these movements was unlikely to occur unless some other stereotyped behavior (e.g., licking) could be made, hence the availability of a drinking tube in one of the conditions. Although neither group recovered to baseline intake levels, milk intakes measured over 6 consecutive weeks revealed that both groups had recovered from the initial hypophagic effect of amphetamine and had learned to suppress stereotyped head movements in order to receive milk infusion. There was no significant difference between the intakes of the two groups. These findings suggest that instrumental learning may be an appropriate model to describe the development of tolerance to amphetamine-induced stereotyped movements. They also imply that the channeling of one form of stereotyped head movement (e.g., head scanning) into another form (e.g., licking) is not necessary for tolerance to occur.
Show less
Date Issued
1993
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14932
Subject Headings
Rats as laboratory animals, Stereotypes (Social psychology), Conditioned response, Reinforcement (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
relation of maternal parenting style to how children cope during conflicts with their mothers
Title
The relation of maternal parenting style to how children cope during conflicts with their mothers.
Creator
Gribbin, Allison Elizabeth, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G.
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to explore relations between maternal childrearing styles and children's coping styles during mother-child conflict. Mothers reported on six parenting style dimensions: coercive control, overprotective control, emotional control, constructive control, responsiveness, and positive interaction. Children (mean age 12.01 years) reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers: idealization of parent, endorsement of submission, endorsement of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore relations between maternal childrearing styles and children's coping styles during mother-child conflict. Mothers reported on six parenting style dimensions: coercive control, overprotective control, emotional control, constructive control, responsiveness, and positive interaction. Children (mean age 12.01 years) reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers: idealization of parent, endorsement of submission, endorsement of aggression, self-blame, self-efficacy, anger reaction, and fear reaction. Few relations between the maternal variables and the child variables were significant, but those that were made sense. For example, positive interaction with the mother predicted low endorsement of aggression toward her, and maternal emotional control predicted self-blaming coping. Further research should examine whether the effects of maternal styles on children's behavior problems (e.g., aggression, depression) are mediated by children's coping styles.
Show less
Date Issued
1995
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15161
Subject Headings
Child rearing, Mother and child, Attachment behavior in children, Adjustment (Psychology), Reinforcement (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)