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Contrast Effects as a Function of Differential Preadaptation
Title
Contrast Effects as a Function of Differential Preadaptation.
Creator
Henke, Peter G., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous reinforcement to a postadaptation stimulus of 236.90 apparent foot-candles. Measurement in terms of bar pressing indicated that the four groups extinguished differentially over six days. The control group, for whom the discrepancy bwtween preadaptation magnitude and postadaptation stimulus remained zero, was found most resistant to extiction during this period. Additionally, increases in the discrepancy between the pre- and postadaptation magnitudes led to experimental groups. The implications of these data for the proposition of stimulus definitions in terms of behaviorally effective magnitudes were discussed.
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Date Issued
1967
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012588
Subject Headings
Adaptability (Psychology), Extinction (Psychology), Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
HEART RATE RESPONSE AND SUPPRESSION OF BAR PRESSING DURING CER AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE
Title
HEART RATE RESPONSE AND SUPPRESSION OF BAR PRESSING DURING CER AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE.
Creator
SEGER, KARL ALFRED, III., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
According to the cardiac-somatic hypothesis, heart rate changes are a function of changes in somatic activity. Conversely, the Independent Response Theory states that conditioning of heart rate and somatic activities are independent of each other. Using two groups, the present study examined these conflicting theories by measuring changes in heart rate and bar press suppression during 10 days of CER and passive avoidance conditioning. Results of this study indicate that heart rate responses...
Show moreAccording to the cardiac-somatic hypothesis, heart rate changes are a function of changes in somatic activity. Conversely, the Independent Response Theory states that conditioning of heart rate and somatic activities are independent of each other. Using two groups, the present study examined these conflicting theories by measuring changes in heart rate and bar press suppression during 10 days of CER and passive avoidance conditioning. Results of this study indicate that heart rate responses and bar press suppression conditioned independently of each other, during both CS and post CS periods. Further, while bar pressing suppressed rapidly in both groups, heart rate responses were different between the two groups suggesting that although both procedures conditioned the same behavioral results, they elicit different autonomic responses.
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Date Issued
1977
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13883
Subject Headings
Heart beat, Emotional conditioning, Avoidance (Psychology), Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Role of activation and sensory stimuli in recovery from lateral hypothalmic damage in the cat
Title
Role of activation and sensory stimuli in recovery from lateral hypothalmic damage in the cat.
Creator
Wolgin, David L., Teitelbaum, Philip
Date Issued
1978-06
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/228751
Subject Headings
Psychophysiology--Research., Animals, Domestic--Physiology, Neurosciences
Format
Document (PDF)
Digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts communion in exploratory structural equation modeling of self-narratives
Title
Digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts communion in exploratory structural equation modeling of self-narratives.
Creator
Wong, Alexander E., Vallacher, Robin R., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Agency and communion are fundamental dimensions underlying psychological processes. Although agency and communion are coherent dimensions, their origins, nature, stability differ across theoretical framework. Common to these frameworks are gender differences in agency and communion. The present study hypothesized that because agency and communion relate to gender, they may also relate to digit ratio. The present study is important because digit ratio may offer clues on the origins and nature...
Show moreAgency and communion are fundamental dimensions underlying psychological processes. Although agency and communion are coherent dimensions, their origins, nature, stability differ across theoretical framework. Common to these frameworks are gender differences in agency and communion. The present study hypothesized that because agency and communion relate to gender, they may also relate to digit ratio. The present study is important because digit ratio may offer clues on the origins and nature of agency and communion, and their gender differences. Agency and Communion factors were extracted from implicit linguistic measures obtained by LIWC analysis of selfnarratives. Exploratory structural equation modeling indicated communion related to digit ratio in men, and gender differences in communion. Although the results supported the distal, biological influences of communion argued by evolutionary accounts, the null finding agency was not related to digit ratio, while not directly interpretable, did not contradict socialization accounts of agency.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004237
Subject Headings
Embryology, Human, Fingers -- Sex differences, Human body -- Social aspects, Psychophysiology, Self actualization (Psychology), Sex differentiation
Format
Document (PDF)
Affective response and cognition in HIV
Title
Affective response and cognition in HIV.
Creator
McIntosh, Roger C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Resource allocation theory, Polich (2007) suggests cortical measures may attenuate when processing demands increase. Thirteen HIV-negative women (M = 36.5) and 15 HIV-positive women (M = 36.1) infected were instructed to view neutral and negative IAPS images and then to detect rare tones in a subsequent auditory oddball task. A 2 x 2 ANOVA for the auditory P3 did not indicate a main effect for picture valence however an interaction was found between picture valence and serostatus at location...
Show moreResource allocation theory, Polich (2007) suggests cortical measures may attenuate when processing demands increase. Thirteen HIV-negative women (M = 36.5) and 15 HIV-positive women (M = 36.1) infected were instructed to view neutral and negative IAPS images and then to detect rare tones in a subsequent auditory oddball task. A 2 x 2 ANOVA for the auditory P3 did not indicate a main effect for picture valence however an interaction was found between picture valence and serostatus at location Fz, F(1,24) = 18.99, p<.001. During the visual ERP sequence an interaction between valence and serostatus was found at the Pz location, F(1,24) = 18.99, p<.001, meaning the late positive potential (LPP) was not modulated between viewing neutral and negative images in HIV-positive women. These findings suggest that the manifestation of HIV in women may alter the neural processing of emotions, though not to the detriment of a subsequent cognitive task.
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Date Issued
2010
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2978989
Subject Headings
AIDS (Disease), Psychological aspects, HIV-positive persons, Mental health, Clinical health psychology, Psychophysiology, Motivation (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Identification of others using biological motion
Title
Identification of others using biological motion.
Creator
Manuel, Sara., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The literature regarding biological motion suggests that people may accurately identify and recognize the gender of others using movement cues in the absence of typical identifiers. This study compared identification and gender judgments of traditional point-light stimuli to skeleton stimuli. Controlling for previous experience and execution of actions, the frequency and familiarity of movements was also considered. Watching action clips, participants learned to identify 4 male and 4 female...
Show moreThe literature regarding biological motion suggests that people may accurately identify and recognize the gender of others using movement cues in the absence of typical identifiers. This study compared identification and gender judgments of traditional point-light stimuli to skeleton stimuli. Controlling for previous experience and execution of actions, the frequency and familiarity of movements was also considered. Watching action clips, participants learned to identify 4 male and 4 female actors. Participants then identified the corresponding point-light or skeleton displays. Although results indicate higher than chance performance, no difference was observed between stimuli conditions. Analyses did show better gender recognition for common as well as previously viewed actions. This suggests that visual experience influences extraction and application of biological motion. Thus insufficient practice in relying on movement cues for identification could explain the significant yet poor performance in biological motion point-light research.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355623
Subject Headings
Pattern recognition systems, Visual perception, Human body, Social aspects, Biometric identification, Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Relative prefrontal cortex surface area in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens and its implications for cognitive evolution
Title
Relative prefrontal cortex surface area in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens and its implications for cognitive evolution.
Creator
George, Ian D., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description
The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with complex cognitive behaviors such as planning for the future, memory for serial order, social information processing and language. Understanding how the PFC has changed through time is central to the study of human neural evolution. Here we investigate the expansion of the PFC by measuring relative surface area of the PFC in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. Magnetic resonance images (MRI's) from 8 preserved chimpanzee brains (3 male and 5...
Show moreThe human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with complex cognitive behaviors such as planning for the future, memory for serial order, social information processing and language. Understanding how the PFC has changed through time is central to the study of human neural evolution. Here we investigate the expansion of the PFC by measuring relative surface area of the PFC in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. Magnetic resonance images (MRI's) from 8 preserved chimpanzee brains (3 male and 5 female adults) were segmented and measured. The results of this study indicate that there are gross anatomical differences between the chimpanzee and human prefrontal cortex beyond absolute size. The lower surface area to volume ratio in PFC of the chimpanzee when compared to a human indicates less gyral white matter in this region and thus, less associative connectivity. This anatomical evidence of a difference corresponds with the lesser cognitive complexity observed in chimpanzees.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/221945
Subject Headings
Frontal lobes, Physiology, Brain, Evolution, Cognitive neuroscience, Psychophysiology, Vertebrates, Evolution, Evolution (Biology)
Format
Document (PDF)
EFFECTS OF D-AMPHETAMINE ON RATS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO INESCAPABLE SHOCK
Title
THE EFFECTS OF D-AMPHETAMINE ON RATS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO INESCAPABLE SHOCK.
Creator
WOODHEAD, STEPHEN LEE, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The adequacy of the learned helplessness and motor activation deficit interpretations of the interference effect were tested. Artificially increasing motor activity by administration of several levels of d-amphetamine failed to attenuate the interference effect. No differential effects of drug treatment between naive animals and animals pretreated with inescapable shock were found in an activity task. Both interpretations of the interference effect would adequately explain the results.
Date Issued
1978
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13942
Subject Headings
Escape (Psychology), Helplessness (Psychology), Learning--Effect of drugs on, Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Neuroplasticity and the developing brain: the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation on school-aged children
Title
Neuroplasticity and the developing brain: the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation on school-aged children.
Creator
Worch, Sarah M., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Many studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after...
Show moreMany studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after 10 weeks for the control group. Measures of affect, behavioral motivation, creativity, and depression were also administered. The primary findings indicated that when improvement in depressive symptoms occurred for 4th-grade students who were somewhat engaged in meditation practice, left-sided frontal EEG activity was also more prominent. Additionally, 4th-grade students who actively participated in meditation practice experienced decreases in self-reported levels of negative affect. Results suggest that mindfulness meditation is beneficial for improving 4th-grade students’ mood and brain regions associated with mood.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238
Subject Headings
Brain -- Physiological aspects, Cognition in children, Mind and body, Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Psychophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Specific and non-specific cognitive operations as language options for memory questions: AnfMRI study
Title
Specific and non-specific cognitive operations as language options for memory questions: AnfMRI study.
Creator
Jantzen, McNeel Gordon., Florida Atlantic University, Ashworth, Sara
Abstract/Description
In order for memory questions to accomplish the goals of questions, teachers need to determine specific content and cognitive goals for each question so that questions can direct learners' attention and reinforce an organizational structure for the encoding of information. The purpose of this study was to examine the language used in memory questions for assessment purposes and to examine whether different language options used when formulating memory questions engaged brain areas related to...
Show moreIn order for memory questions to accomplish the goals of questions, teachers need to determine specific content and cognitive goals for each question so that questions can direct learners' attention and reinforce an organizational structure for the encoding of information. The purpose of this study was to examine the language used in memory questions for assessment purposes and to examine whether different language options used when formulating memory questions engaged brain areas related to memory and cognition. The language of the questions can affect the cognitive process by which the answer is derived. The two language options that affect cognitive processes are non-specific and specific. This study supplements teachers' working knowledge of the methods and techniques for questioning by providing a basic understanding of cognitive processes that different questions can evoke. This study used techniques from neuroscience to test hypotheses derived directly from education-based theories of cognition in order to validate educational theory. Neuroscience provides knowledge about how the brain senses, processes, stores, and retrieves information. It also provides findings that can be translated into practical applications for the classroom. Therefore, the relationship between education and neuroscience contributes to effective planning, practices, and assessment; it allows a more comprehensive understanding of the difficulties and apprehensions associated with learning. The following study utilized fMRI to answer the general question of the relationship between the memory processes associated with specific and non-specific questions. Seventeen undergraduate and graduate students from a university in South Florida served as subjects. Subjects were presented with a stimulus consisting of specific questions, non-specific questions, and control statements. All questions/statements followed the design of 8 seconds to read the question/statement, 10 seconds to "think" about the answer to the question or the material presented in the statement, 4 seconds for response using a "yes" or "no" button, and a 12 second rest period. Images collected were analyzed using AFNI. Specific cognitive operations improved efficiency for the retrieval of information from memory. Results elucidate differences in neural activity associated with encoding processes and the retrieval of information from memory based on the language used in specific and non-specific questions.
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Date Issued
2004
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12115
Subject Headings
Cognitive learning, Education--Effect of technological innovations on, Experiential learning, Brain--Psychophysiology, Learning--Physiological aspects, Recollection (Psychology), Memory
Format
Document (PDF)
Avatar Guided Stories of Ease from Adolescents with Cancer
Title
Avatar Guided Stories of Ease from Adolescents with Cancer.
Creator
Curnan, Laurie Ann, Liehr, Patricia, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Abstract/Description
The overall purpose of this mixed method study was to describe adolescents’ experiences of ease while enduring treatment for cancer. Specifically, the study used avatar image-guided story-sharing (AIGSS) to explore adolescent sense-of-self, experiences of feeling uneasy, descriptions of qualities of ease, and best places for finding ease during treatment. The innovative research approach used in this study incorporated avatar images representing ‘ease’ in typical environments. By testing a...
Show moreThe overall purpose of this mixed method study was to describe adolescents’ experiences of ease while enduring treatment for cancer. Specifically, the study used avatar image-guided story-sharing (AIGSS) to explore adolescent sense-of-self, experiences of feeling uneasy, descriptions of qualities of ease, and best places for finding ease during treatment. The innovative research approach used in this study incorporated avatar images representing ‘ease’ in typical environments. By testing a developmentally relevant approach, AIGSS, to explore ease for adolescents enduring cancer, this study addressed a pressing need for meaningful approaches to engage adolescents in health-related dialogue about what matters most. While 10 qualities captured adolescent ease (beauty, fun, safety, strength, connectedness, calmness, rest, comfort, independence, and familiarity), connectedness, strength, fun, rest, and safety were the most significant qualities of ease threaded throughout stories. Two themes of self-reflected identity emerged: (a) valued personal qualities (extrinsic/admired) and (b) infused unique demeanors. Three themes described adolescent uneasiness during cancer treatment: (a) persistent uncertainty, (b) fearful anticipation, and (c) disrupted self. While home was most conducive for ease, personal meaning was given to the hospital enabling finding ease. This new knowledge is foundational for nurses who support adolescents during cancer treatment. This research lays the groundwork to re-define ease as a relevant outcome of quality nursing care, focusing on positive outcomes rather than catastrophic ones such as infection and death. Advancing caring science with interactive participative research enhanced communication with adolescents, having implications for both clinical research and pediatric oncology nursing practice.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004582
Subject Headings
Avatar (Motion picture : 2009), Cancer in adolescence--Psychological aspects., Cancer in adolescence--Social aspects., Video games and children--Therapeutic use., Quality of life., Stress (Psychology), Psychophysiology.
Format
Document (PDF)