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- Title
- Memory deficits for faces and names in Alzheimer's disease: Investigation with a faces-names Stroop-like task.
- Creator
- Taft, Janna Renee., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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A prominent deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficulty in recognizing and naming people. Unfamiliar and famous face recognition tasks are sparse in the neuropsychology literature. It was hypothesized that: a deficit in recognition of faces would be found for AD patients, the semantic mismatch condition would result in the longest response latency and least accurate naming, and semantic cues would not facilitate naming for the AD group. Accuracy and reaction time from ten mild AD...
Show moreA prominent deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficulty in recognizing and naming people. Unfamiliar and famous face recognition tasks are sparse in the neuropsychology literature. It was hypothesized that: a deficit in recognition of faces would be found for AD patients, the semantic mismatch condition would result in the longest response latency and least accurate naming, and semantic cues would not facilitate naming for the AD group. Accuracy and reaction time from ten mild AD patients diagnosed by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and 10 normal controls (matched age, 66--82 years, education & ethnicity) were tested via unfamiliar and famous faces recognition memory tests and famous faces naming tasks with and without semantic interference. Both subject groups were more accurate on the famous face recognition rather than memory for unfamiliar faces, with significant group differences. The Stroop-like face naming task performance was characterized by an increased interference effect, semantic face-name mismatches produced the longest response delays, and less accurate face naming particularly in the AD group. The semantic cues resulted in a decrease in naming accuracy for the AD patients, which may be indicative of their name retrieval deficit. Consistent with existing face-name models, these findings suggest that the deficit in AD is related to semantic naming rather than the perceptual component of face recognition. Furthermore, the ability to correctly name faces even in the presence of interference may prove to be a diagnostic tool that is sensitive to face naming deficits characteristic in cases of brain damage.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12061
- Subject Headings
- Biology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Clinical, Psychology, Cognitive
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Affective response and cognition in HIV.
- Creator
- McIntosh, Roger C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Resource allocation theory, Polich (2007) suggests cortical measures may attenuate when processing demands increase. Thirteen HIV-negative women (M = 36.5) and 15 HIV-positive women (M = 36.1) infected were instructed to view neutral and negative IAPS images and then to detect rare tones in a subsequent auditory oddball task. A 2 x 2 ANOVA for the auditory P3 did not indicate a main effect for picture valence however an interaction was found between picture valence and serostatus at location...
Show moreResource allocation theory, Polich (2007) suggests cortical measures may attenuate when processing demands increase. Thirteen HIV-negative women (M = 36.5) and 15 HIV-positive women (M = 36.1) infected were instructed to view neutral and negative IAPS images and then to detect rare tones in a subsequent auditory oddball task. A 2 x 2 ANOVA for the auditory P3 did not indicate a main effect for picture valence however an interaction was found between picture valence and serostatus at location Fz, F(1,24) = 18.99, p<.001. During the visual ERP sequence an interaction between valence and serostatus was found at the Pz location, F(1,24) = 18.99, p<.001, meaning the late positive potential (LPP) was not modulated between viewing neutral and negative images in HIV-positive women. These findings suggest that the manifestation of HIV in women may alter the neural processing of emotions, though not to the detriment of a subsequent cognitive task.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2978989
- Subject Headings
- AIDS (Disease), Psychological aspects, HIV-positive persons, Mental health, Clinical health psychology, Psychophysiology, Motivation (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The relationship bertween wellness and burnout among novice counselors.
- Creator
- Bilot, Jennifer., College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between wellness and burnout among novice counselors. This research was carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the experience of the novice counselor as well as to gain insight into the effects of wellness and burnout on these experiences. The significance of this research lies in the need to understand the novice counselor's journey, the factors that can contribute to or prevent burnout, and the potential prevention...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between wellness and burnout among novice counselors. This research was carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the experience of the novice counselor as well as to gain insight into the effects of wellness and burnout on these experiences. The significance of this research lies in the need to understand the novice counselor's journey, the factors that can contribute to or prevent burnout, and the potential prevention and intervention strategies that can be employed in response to burnout. The data of a final sample of 144 participants' scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), The Five Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (5F-Wel), and a demographic questionnaire were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences in order to explore the relationships between wellness and burnout. The researcher found significant relationships between demographic factors of the novice counselor, including age, years of experience, and number of hours delivering counseling services, and both the MBI and the 5F-Wel. The researcher also found a relationship between all factors of wellness and the three subscales of burnout. A particularly important finding was the significance of the Coping Self, Physical Self, and Creative Self subscales of wellness to the subscales of burnout. The implications of the findings include the development of specific intervention and prevention strategies for novice counselors. Limitations of this research include the relatively small sample size, potential bias among the participants who chose to complete the survey, and the limited generalizability.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355624
- Subject Headings
- Work, Psychological aspects, Burn out (Psychology), Prevention, Job stress, Clinical health psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Fostering Resilience for Adults with Substance Use Disorder: A Clinical Study of an Integrative Group Model.
- Creator
- Foster, Karrol-Jo Lee, Gill, Carman, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this research study was to determine the effects of Fostering Resilience™ (FR), a new integrative relapse prevention group protocol for improving relapse risk, internalized shame, and psychological well-being in adults with substance use disorders (SUD). This study also sought to identify any relationship among relapse risk, internalized shame, and psychological well-being. It is the first study to investigate the new FR manualized program model compared to treatment as usual ...
Show moreThe purpose of this research study was to determine the effects of Fostering Resilience™ (FR), a new integrative relapse prevention group protocol for improving relapse risk, internalized shame, and psychological well-being in adults with substance use disorders (SUD). This study also sought to identify any relationship among relapse risk, internalized shame, and psychological well-being. It is the first study to investigate the new FR manualized program model compared to treatment as usual (TAU). The FR model was created based upon direct client experience, the supposition of the intrinsic role shame plays in SUD, and the corresponding belief in the essential value of implementing shame reduction techniques for improving treatment outcomes. Participants were 43 adults with SUD (19 FR and 24 TAU) seeking outpatient treatment. All participants received the 8-week intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment, with the FR group receiving 16 sessions of the manualized FR relapse prevention group protocol in lieu of other TAU group options. Assessments were administered pre and postintervention. Results indicated that the FR treatment group produced a significant reduction in relapse risk (p = .002, ES = .825), shame (p = .004, ES = .763), and psychological wellbeing (p = .008, ES = .679) from baseline to post-intervention, while the TAU comparison group produced a non-significant improvement in relapse risk (p = .209, ES = .264), shame (p = 055, ES = .409) and psychological well-being (p = .088, ES = .456). Correlation results indicated highly significant correlations between all the dependent variables. All correlations dropped post-intervention, although remained significant. The strongest relationship was found between shame and relapse risk at baseline: ALL (n = 43, r = .880), FR (n = 19, r = .869), TAU (n = 24, r = .908). This preliminary study establishes support for the new FR model as a beneficial treatment for significantly improving relapse risk, internalized shame, and psychological well-being in adults with SUD. It also provides important knowledge and insight regarding the critical nature of shame and its role relative to relapse risk and psychological well-being in those with SUD.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013109
- Subject Headings
- Substance abuse--Relapse--Prevention, Resilience, Psychological, Clinical studies, Shame
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- An exploration of the effectiveness of a phase approach to nutrition counseling using the transtheoretical and brief intervention models.
- Creator
- Grant, Kaye-Ann., Florida Atlantic University, Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia
- Abstract/Description
-
Registered dietitians, while knowledgeable in food and nutrition, are also intrinsically educators, a role that is now receiving in-depth exploration. As nutrition educators or counselors, dietitians have been stereotyped as food cops (Licavoli, 1995, p. 751); that is, individuals who provide the dos and don'ts list. Research in the area of nutrition education may foster movement away from this stereotype. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of traditional nutrition...
Show moreRegistered dietitians, while knowledgeable in food and nutrition, are also intrinsically educators, a role that is now receiving in-depth exploration. As nutrition educators or counselors, dietitians have been stereotyped as food cops (Licavoli, 1995, p. 751); that is, individuals who provide the dos and don'ts list. Research in the area of nutrition education may foster movement away from this stereotype. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of traditional nutrition counseling with stage-matched nutrition counseling by registered dietitians using clients in acute care settings while measuring behavioral and cognitive change outcomes. An experimental design using randomly assigned subjects to a control and two experimental groups was utilized. A pretest-posttest design was employed with a 3 month interval between the pretest and posttest. The treatment variables consisted of stage-matched intervention with feedback and stage-matched intervention without feedback. Subjects were recruited from the patient population of dietitians employed in the fourth largest public health care system in the United States based in Broward County, Florida. Two training sessions lasting 2 hours each focused on stage-matched intervention, and the research protocol was provided to prepare dietitians to work with the experimental groups. The small sample size limited the ability to generalize the findings, and interpretation of the study results was done within the context of this limitation. This study indicated the following trends: (a) subjects exposed to the NRCQ and the FRAMES model of intervention improved significantly from preintervention to postintervention compared with subjects not exposed; (b) prior to intervention, the majority of subjects were classified in Preaction Stages and postintervention classified in the Action Stage; (c) stage-matched changes were correlated with body mass index; and (d) there was no difference indicated in nutrient intake between subjects in the control and the experimental groups. Findings at this level were encouraging and consistent with the concepts of the transtheoretical model of change (TTM) and the FRAMES model. The TTM continues to be a growing area in the field of nutrition, and dietitians should receive early educational exposure so that it becomes an accepted part of the practice domain.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12117
- Subject Headings
- Nutrition counseling, Food habits, Nutrition disorders, Clinical health psychology, Health--Psychological aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Cognition and adherence in older adults undergoing hemodialysis.
- Creator
- Hain, Debra J., Florida Atlantic University, Liehr, Patricia
- Abstract/Description
-
Background. Adherence to the behavioral change component of the hemodialysis regimen is difficult for many reasons; when individuals fail to adhere, the nurses often become frustrated and individuals may be labeled nonadherent leading to inappropriate interventions. As the number of older adults starting hemodialysis increases, one contributing factor to nonadherence in this population may be cognitive impairment. Objective. The overall purpose of the study was to explore differences in...
Show moreBackground. Adherence to the behavioral change component of the hemodialysis regimen is difficult for many reasons; when individuals fail to adhere, the nurses often become frustrated and individuals may be labeled nonadherent leading to inappropriate interventions. As the number of older adults starting hemodialysis increases, one contributing factor to nonadherence in this population may be cognitive impairment. Objective. The overall purpose of the study was to explore differences in global cognition, in self-report cognition, and in language ability relative to adherence in a sample of older adults undergoing hemodialysis. Methods. This pilot study examined the differences in cognition and adherence of older adults (≥60 years) undergoing out-patient hemodialysis three times a week for at least one year. Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample from multiple centers which offered a diverse sample of study participants (n=63). Stories of the challenges of making life style changes were audiotaped and analyzed with linguistic analysis and word count (LIWC) software and various standardized instruments that measure global cognition (3MS and MMSE), self-report cognition (KDQOL-CF) and language ability (COWA, subsets of BDAE Reading: Sentence and Paragraph and BDAE Complex Ideation) were administered during hemodialysis. Determination of adherence or nonadherence (based on literature) was completed as the last activity of data collection. Results. Statistical significance was not achieved when exploring the difference of global cognition, self-report cognition, and language ability relative to adherence (p > .05). A relationship between structural elements of big words, cognitive process and insight words used in story and measures of adherence was revealed (p < .05). Although statistical significance was not reached the descriptive data supports that a relationship between cognitive impairment and measures of adherence were present across groups. The majority (64%) of nonadherent participants had cognitive impairment; 34% of the middle group and 5% of the adherent group had cognitive impairment. Discussion. Cognitive impairment is prevalent among older adults undergoing hemodialysis, however a relationship between cognitive impairment and adherence was not revealed in this study. This may be the result of the small sample size and adherence markers that were not sensitive in this population. This preliminary work offered a descriptive foundation which generated more questions that may be answered with further research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12211
- Subject Headings
- Hemodialysis--Psychological aspects, Chronic renal failure--Patients--Rehabilitation, Adjustment (Psychology), Cognition in old age, Patient compliance, Clinical health psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Effects of Case Conceptualization Training Over Time and Its Relationship to Practitioner Attitudes Towards Evidence-Based Practice.
- Creator
- Stoupas, George, Sperry, Len, Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
- Abstract/Description
-
The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of a standardized case conceptualization training workshop on 104 psychotherapy practitioners recruited from the community. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between participants’ attitudes about evidence-based practice and the effects of the training. Participants attended two 3-hour training workshops, which taught the integrative case conceptualization model developed by Sperry (2010b)....
Show moreThe purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of a standardized case conceptualization training workshop on 104 psychotherapy practitioners recruited from the community. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between participants’ attitudes about evidence-based practice and the effects of the training. Participants attended two 3-hour training workshops, which taught the integrative case conceptualization model developed by Sperry (2010b). Pre- and postintervention case conceptualization skills were assessed using the Case Conceptualization Evaluation Form (CCEF) 2.0, an updated version of the instrument used in previous studies. Additionally, participants’ views about case conceptualization were assessed before and after training using the Views about Case Conceptualization (VACC) instrument. Participants’ attitudes about evidence-based practice were also examined as a possible mediating variable between training and effect. These attitudes were assessed using the Evidence-Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS). Workshops were separated by four weeks in order to assess whether initial training effects persisted over time. Change in case conceptualization skill was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Participants’ mean CCEF 2.0 scores significantly increased (p < .001) from pre-test (M = 11.9; SD = 7.74) to post-test (M = 36.7; SD = 7.80) following the first workshop. The second workshop took place four weeks later with 74 of the original 104 participants. It built on the content of the first workshop and introduced advanced concepts such as client culture, strengths and protective factors, and predictive ability. Participants’ mean CCEF 2.0 scores also significantly increased (p < .001) from pre-test (M = 35.1; SD = 8.11) to post-test (M = 66.3; SD = 10.95) following the second workshop. There was a small but statistically significant (p < .005) decrease of 1.5 points in mean scores from the end of Workshop I to Workshop II, indicating that the effects of the training deteriorate slowly over time. Participants’ attitudes about evidence based practice and some demographic variables were significantly related to training effects. Stepwise hierarchical regression analysis determined that these individual variables account for various portions of the variance in CCEF 2.0 scores. This study’s theoretical, practice, and research implications are discussed in detail.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004746, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004746
- Subject Headings
- Clinical psychology--Methodology., Client-centered psychotherapy., Psychiatry--Case formulation., Evidence-based medicine., Cognitive therapy., Behavioral assessment., Counseling--Evaluation., Social sciences--Methodology.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
