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THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIDE-FIELD BIO-IMAGING FOR POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS IN RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SETTINGS
Title
THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIDE-FIELD BIO-IMAGING FOR POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS IN RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SETTINGS.
Creator
Fennell, Robert, Asghar, Waseem, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
The World Health Organization has identified the need for affordable, specific, rapid and deliverable point of care assays for infectious diseases in areas that are resource poor and lacking readily available complex testing methods. The objective of this research is to discover improved methods of capturing and counting CD4+T, in a portable assay to aid in the detection of HIV or other diseases that are informed by cell identification and count. The research divides into 4 major objectives:...
Show moreThe World Health Organization has identified the need for affordable, specific, rapid and deliverable point of care assays for infectious diseases in areas that are resource poor and lacking readily available complex testing methods. The objective of this research is to discover improved methods of capturing and counting CD4+T, in a portable assay to aid in the detection of HIV or other diseases that are informed by cell identification and count. The research divides into 4 major objectives: Design an improved portable, microchip. to isolate cells in a timely manner. Explore, design and prove the optical technology that provides large field-of-view and enables imaging large surface area simultaneously so that a sufficient sample can be collected. Test and analyze the microchip and optics to verify the specificity and efficiency of the biological process. Identify and count the cells in an automated manner.
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Date Issued
2021
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013817
Subject Headings
Point-of-care testing, HIV
Format
Document (PDF)
DEVELOPMENT OF POINT-OF-CARE ASSAYS FOR ZIKA VIRUS DIAGNOSTIC
Title
DEVELOPMENT OF POINT-OF-CARE ASSAYS FOR ZIKA VIRUS DIAGNOSTIC.
Creator
Md Alamgir Kabir, Asghar, Waseem, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitos. ZIKV can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy and can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. Effective vaccines for Zika are yet to be approved. Detection of the ZIKV is based on serological testing that often shows cross-reactivity with the Dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses. Currently, identification of ZIKV infection is usually done by i) testing the patient’s serum sample to...
Show moreZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitos. ZIKV can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy and can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. Effective vaccines for Zika are yet to be approved. Detection of the ZIKV is based on serological testing that often shows cross-reactivity with the Dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses. Currently, identification of ZIKV infection is usually done by i) testing the patient’s serum sample to detect ZIKV RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ii) testing patient’s serum sample for the presence of the NS1 protein antigen or iii) serological assays to determine the presence of virus-specific immunoglobin antibodies (IgG and IgM) by the use of ELISA assay. But ELISA-based assays show cross-reactivity and poor sensitivity. The gold standard for ZIKV RNA detection is RT-PCR, involves expensive medical facilities and skillful technicians. However, the plaque reduction neutralization test are executed to quantity neutralizing antibodies of the virus-but show high accuracy only after day 7 of the disease onset. Therefore, the development of POC assays which has the ASSURED (affordability, sensitivity, specificity, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable) criteria defined by the World Health Organization are topmost priority. The core objective of this thesis is to find inexpensive, sensitive, precise, and fast assays for the specific diagnosis of ZIKV suitable for resource-constrained settings.
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Date Issued
2021
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013836
Subject Headings
Point-of-care testing, Zika virus, Microfluidic devices
Format
Document (PDF)
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR EXOSOME ISOLATION IN POINT-OF-CARE SETTINGS
Title
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR EXOSOME ISOLATION IN POINT-OF-CARE SETTINGS.
Creator
Ramnauth, Natasha, Waseem Asghar, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Exosomes have gained recognition in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Most exosome isolation methods are time-consuming, costly and require bulky equipment, rendering them unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) settings. Microfluidics can be the key to solving these challenges. Here, we employ the development of a double filtration microfluidic device that can rapidly isolate exosomes in POC settings. The device can efficiently isolate exosomes from just 100 uL of plasma within 50 minutes. The...
Show moreExosomes have gained recognition in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Most exosome isolation methods are time-consuming, costly and require bulky equipment, rendering them unsuitable for point-of-care (POC) settings. Microfluidics can be the key to solving these challenges. Here, we employ the development of a double filtration microfluidic device that can rapidly isolate exosomes in POC settings. The device can efficiently isolate exosomes from just 100 uL of plasma within 50 minutes. The device was compared against Polyethylene glycol (PEG) based precipitation, and findings show that both methods yield comparable exosome sizes and purity, but the device can detect exosomal miRNA earlier than PEG. Finally, a comparative analysis of membrane filters with exosomes collected from pore sizes 15 nm and 30 nm showed a similarity in exosome size and miRNA expressions, with significantly increased sample purity. These findings suggest that this device has potential in POC settings.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014071
Subject Headings
Microfluidic devices, Exosomes, Point-of-care testing
Format
Document (PDF)
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSIS AND SPERM CELL SORTING
Title
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSIS AND SPERM CELL SORTING.
Creator
Sharma, Sandhya, Asghar, Waseem, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
In recent years, point-of-care (POC) microfluidic platforms have transformed the healthcare landscape as they offer rapid, low-cost, and easy operational benefits. POC diagnostics play an important role in expediting the testing process in resource-constrained areas. These platforms have become a powerful tool as they offer comparable results with gold-standard methods. The gold standard methods require sophisticated lab locations and expensive equipment, to process the samples which is a...
Show moreIn recent years, point-of-care (POC) microfluidic platforms have transformed the healthcare landscape as they offer rapid, low-cost, and easy operational benefits. POC diagnostics play an important role in expediting the testing process in resource-constrained areas. These platforms have become a powerful tool as they offer comparable results with gold-standard methods. The gold standard methods require sophisticated lab locations and expensive equipment, to process the samples which is a significant challenge particularly for people living in low-income countries. To address these limitations, herein, in my dissertation, I have developed POC microfluidic platforms that can be operated outside the laboratory using lesser equipment statistically hence reducing the testing cost and time. The developed POC chips are used for infectious diseases diagnosis for viruses such as Zika, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). The entire virus detection process was executed inside a uniquely designed, inexpensive, disposable self-driven microfluidic chip with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition to this, I have also developed a microfluidic platform for functional sperm cell sorting from raw semen samples. The microfluidic chip offers a platform where the sperm cells experience different shear stress in different parts of the chip that facilitates isolation of competent sperm cells without impacting their integrity. Simultaneously, it also allows effortless collection of sorted sperm cells from the collection chamber which holds clinical significance. All things considered, the developed devices are inexpensive, disposable, easy-to-use, and rapid that provide results within one hour.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013906
Subject Headings
Microfluidics, Point-of-care testing, Communicable diseases—Diagnosis
Format
Document (PDF)
DEVELOPMENT OF POINT-OF-CARE ASSAYS FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT MONITORING FOR RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SETTINGS
Title
DEVELOPMENT OF POINT-OF-CARE ASSAYS FOR DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT MONITORING FOR RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SETTINGS.
Creator
Sher, Mazhar, Asghar, Waseem, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
This thesis aims to address the challenges of the development of cost-effective and rapid assays for the accurate counting of CD4+ T cells and quantification of HIV-1 viral load for resource-constrained settings. The lack of such assays has severely affected people living in disease prevalent areas. CD4+ T cells count information plays a vital role in the effective management of HIV-1 disease. Here, we present a flow-free magnetic actuation platform that uses antibody-coated magnetic beads to...
Show moreThis thesis aims to address the challenges of the development of cost-effective and rapid assays for the accurate counting of CD4+ T cells and quantification of HIV-1 viral load for resource-constrained settings. The lack of such assays has severely affected people living in disease prevalent areas. CD4+ T cells count information plays a vital role in the effective management of HIV-1 disease. Here, we present a flow-free magnetic actuation platform that uses antibody-coated magnetic beads to efficiently capture CD4+ T cells from a 30 μL drop of whole blood. On-chip cell lysate electrical impedance spectroscopy has been utilized to quantify the isolated CD4 cells. The developed assay has a limit of detection of 25 cells per μL and provides accurate CD4 counts in the range of 25–800 cells per μL. The whole immunoassay along with the enumeration process is very rapid and provides CD4 quantification results within 5 min time frame. The assay does not require off-chip sample preparation steps and minimizes human involvement to a greater extent. The developed impedance-based immunoassay has the potential to significantly improve the CD4 enumeration process especially for POC settings.
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Date Issued
2020
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013495
Subject Headings
Point-of-care testing, Diagnostic tests, Immunoassay, HIV-1, Microfluidic devices
Format
Document (PDF)
MICROFLUIDIC ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNOLOGY FOR POINT-OFCARE ASSESSMENT OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Title
MICROFLUIDIC ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNOLOGY FOR POINT-OFCARE ASSESSMENT OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE.
Creator
Dieujuste, Darryl, Du, Sarah, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic disease that affects approximately 100,000 people in the USA and millions worldwide. The disease is defined by a mutation in hemoglobin, the red blood cell’s oxygen carrying component. Under hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions, the mutated hemoglobin (known as HbS) polymerizes into rigid fibers that stretch the cell into a sickle shape. These rigid cells can occlude blood vessels and cause an individual immense pain. Currently, no point-of-care devices exist...
Show moreSickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic disease that affects approximately 100,000 people in the USA and millions worldwide. The disease is defined by a mutation in hemoglobin, the red blood cell’s oxygen carrying component. Under hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions, the mutated hemoglobin (known as HbS) polymerizes into rigid fibers that stretch the cell into a sickle shape. These rigid cells can occlude blood vessels and cause an individual immense pain. Currently, no point-of-care devices exist in the market for assisting those with SCD. Using microfluidics with custom designed portable impedance measuring hardware we can achieve label-free in vitro analyses of SCD rheology. This dissertation presents two impedance-based devices for finger-prick volume blood testing, including a microflow cytometer for SCD diagnostics and a vaso-occlusion tester for monitoring blood flow activities. First, the microflow cytometer is validated by measuring the electrical impedance of individual cells flowing through a narrow microfluidic channel. Cellular impedance is interpreted by changes in subcellular components due to oxygen association-dissociation of hemoglobin, using an equivalent circuit model and Multiphysics simulation. Impedance values of sickle cells exhibit remarkable deviations from normal blood cells. Such deviation is quantified by a conformity score, which allows for measurement of SCD heterogeneity, and potentially disease severity. Findings from this study demonstrate the potential for SCD screening via electrical impedance. Second, a vaso-occlusion tester is validated by measuring the impedance response of blood flow within a microfluidic mimic of capillary bed.
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Date Issued
2023
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014243
Subject Headings
Sickle cell anemia, Microfluidics, Point-of-care testing, Electric Impedance
Format
Document (PDF)
MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION OF DIELECTROPHORESIS ENRICHMENT FOR DETECTION OF LOW PARASITEMIA PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN HUMAN BLOOD
Title
MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION OF DIELECTROPHORESIS ENRICHMENT FOR DETECTION OF LOW PARASITEMIA PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN HUMAN BLOOD.
Creator
Oladokun, Oladiran, Du, E., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Malaria is an ancient lethargic disease that remains a global burden. It has been difficult to end the scourge of P. falciparum malaria because of the parasites’ drug resistance so early diagnosis of malaria is crucial. Microscopy remains the gold standard but has limited reliability in detecting malaria parasites. This study proffered a method towards detection of low parasitemia P. falciparum infected RBCs (Pf-RBCs) based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). A microfluidic device was designed for...
Show moreMalaria is an ancient lethargic disease that remains a global burden. It has been difficult to end the scourge of P. falciparum malaria because of the parasites’ drug resistance so early diagnosis of malaria is crucial. Microscopy remains the gold standard but has limited reliability in detecting malaria parasites. This study proffered a method towards detection of low parasitemia P. falciparum infected RBCs (Pf-RBCs) based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). A microfluidic device was designed for label-free cell sorting of Pf-RBCs from other whole blood in a continuous manner, based on the intrinsic electrical signatures of the cells. The design was validated by a finite element simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulations show the feasibility of the separation in a 9-mm long microfluidic channel under laminar flow conditions, using a low voltage supply of +/-10 V at 50 kHz.
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Date Issued
2024
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014415
Subject Headings
Plasmodium falciparum, Microfluidic devices, Dielectrophoresis, Biomedical engineering, Point-of-care testing
Format
Document (PDF)