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Title: The emergence of personality: dynamic foundations of individual variation.
Creator: Nowak, Andrzej, Vallacher, Robin R.
Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2181980
Subject Headings: Personality., Social psychology., Personality development.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: PERSONALITY CONSISTENCY AND SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINT.
Creator: DAUER, STEVEN J., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of situational constraint as a moderator of the predictive validity of trait constructs and of the cross-situational consistency of behavior. Subjects were administered the extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and their social behavior in a waiting-room situation and in a role-played job interview was observed under conditions of either low (neutral condition) or high (forced-introversion condition) situational...
Show moreAn experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of situational constraint as a moderator of the predictive validity of trait constructs and of the cross-situational consistency of behavior. Subjects were administered the extraversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and their social behavior in a waiting-room situation and in a role-played job interview was observed under conditions of either low (neutral condition) or high (forced-introversion condition) situational constraint. The hypothesis that, under high constraint, restriction of range on the dependent variables would attenuate validity and consistency correlations was only partially confirmed. The strongest finding was that judges' ratings of subjects' talkativeness, overall exhibited behavior, and inferred dispositional extraversion yielded significantly higher correlations for the more subjective and broader measures than for the more objective, narrow ones. The utility of these types of data and their place in the consistency-specificity debate are discussed.
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Date Issued: 1984
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14200
Subject Headings: Personality and situation, Personality tests
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Examining the factor structure of the riverside situational Q-SORT.
Creator: Jones, Ashley Bell, Sherman, Ryne A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Situations are important in relation to behavior and personality (Lewin, 1946, 1951; Ross & Nisbett, 1991; Zimbardo, 2007). However, historical studies of situations have suffered from disagreement about their structure. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ: Wagerman & Funder, 2009) was developed as a tool to comprehensively measure situation characteristics. Because the RSQ is still relatively new, the factor structure of the RSQ has yet to be examined. Identifying the factor structure of...
Show moreSituations are important in relation to behavior and personality (Lewin, 1946, 1951; Ross & Nisbett, 1991; Zimbardo, 2007). However, historical studies of situations have suffered from disagreement about their structure. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ: Wagerman & Funder, 2009) was developed as a tool to comprehensively measure situation characteristics. Because the RSQ is still relatively new, the factor structure of the RSQ has yet to be examined. Identifying the factor structure of the RSQ is important in order to provide an interpretation of the dimensions of situations and to make the first step in creating a smaller measure of situation characteristics that takes less time for participants to complete. Using a variety of factor extraction methods, 9 factors appeared consistently: Adversity, Social Negativity, Obligation, Cognitive/Intellectual, Mate Attraction, Sensuous, Positivity, and Competition. This study provides in-depth insight into the characteristics of situations based on a quantitative measure from an adult sample.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004127
Subject Headings: Personality and situation., Personality assessment., Ethnopsychology.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Dynamical minimalism: why less is more in psychology.
Creator: Nowak, Andrzej
Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2181982
Subject Headings: Personality., Social psychology.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Basic or Fabulous? Developing a Life Complexity Scale.
Creator: Goldsztajn Farelo, David, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: A Life Complexity Scale (LCS) and Life Diversity Scale (LDS) were developed to assess the richness and diversity of experiences in individuals. In study 1, three hundred and fifty mTurk workers completed the LCS and other standard measurements of personality to assess the scales validity and correlation. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to look into the structure of the scale. Four factors were selected according to Scree plot solution and theoretical...
Show moreA Life Complexity Scale (LCS) and Life Diversity Scale (LDS) were developed to assess the richness and diversity of experiences in individuals. In study 1, three hundred and fifty mTurk workers completed the LCS and other standard measurements of personality to assess the scales validity and correlation. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to look into the structure of the scale. Four factors were selected according to Scree plot solution and theoretical framework including: complexity, basic, uncertainty, and complicated. In study 2, four hundred mTurk workers completed the LDS along with other measurements of personality, depression, and social support. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to explore the structure of the scale finding a single factor solution. The results indicate that both scales have good reliability LCS (Omega total = 1.02) and LDS (Omega total = .8). The associations with other personality traits are explored and recommendations for future research are signaled.
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Date Issued: 2019
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013208
Subject Headings: Personality--Research, Personality assessment, Personality tests--Data processing, Personality tests--Design and construction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Careers in crisis: The relationship between person-environment fit and job satisfaction.
Creator: Jackson, Craig Campbell, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Archival data collected from a private-practice career counseling center was analyzed to evaluate the extent to which situational constraint measures can be applied as moderators of person-occupation congruence. Demographic, personality, and career interest inventory responses, particularly those for the Strong Interest Inventory (SII), the 16PF, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, served as the primary units of analyses. Data was collected by career counselors over a ten-year period for 202...
Show moreArchival data collected from a private-practice career counseling center was analyzed to evaluate the extent to which situational constraint measures can be applied as moderators of person-occupation congruence. Demographic, personality, and career interest inventory responses, particularly those for the Strong Interest Inventory (SII), the 16PF, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, served as the primary units of analyses. Data was collected by career counselors over a ten-year period for 202 clients (125 men and 77 women; M age = 36.9). Difference score measures were calculated for clients by comparing SH scores to normative means for the general reference sample of the SH and appropriate occupational samples. Situational constraints such as age, income, marital status, having children, time spent in one's career field, and time spent in one's job were hypothesized to be positively associated with seeking career counseling for less voluntary reasons (i.e., terminations or lay-offs) than those who sought counseling for other reasons (i.e., career change, relocations, reentry, or resignation). Although situational constraint hypotheses were not supported, career counseled clients were highly incongruent with the occupational interests of their occupations. The magnitude of this finding exceeds that of those typical of the career-interest congruence literature. Despite clients' incongruence with the interests most commonly associated with their occupations, clients were more congruent on those interest dimensions when scores were compared to general reference sample means. That is, through selection practices or socialization, clients have achieved a minimal degree of congruence yet do not completely match the characteristics of the majority of others in their occupations. The results of this study suggest there is a maximum level of incongruence expected of interest congruence studies. Career-counseled clients in this sample spent considerable sums of money to find work situations that would improve their level of work satisfaction. Further research is necessary to verify whether the inclusion of career counseled clients provides a ceiling for the measurement of congruence-satisfaction relationships. Although situational constraint measures were not identified as effective moderators, their inclusion in future nonarchival studies may yield more sensitive tests of situational constraint hypotheses.
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11973
Subject Headings: Psychology, Industrial, Psychology, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Children's perceptions of the consequences of aggression toward victimized peers.
Creator: Williard, Jean Carlisle, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: In Study 1, fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.5 years) were asked to estimate the likelihood that various outcomes would occur following hypothetical acts of aggression by themselves toward victimized and nonvictimized peers. Subjects were also asked to indicate how much they valued the occurrence of the outcomes. When the targets of the aggression were victimized peers, children were more likely to anticipate tangible rewards, more likely to expect signs of victim...
Show moreIn Study 1, fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.5 years) were asked to estimate the likelihood that various outcomes would occur following hypothetical acts of aggression by themselves toward victimized and nonvictimized peers. Subjects were also asked to indicate how much they valued the occurrence of the outcomes. When the targets of the aggression were victimized peers, children were more likely to anticipate tangible rewards, more likely to expect signs of victim suffering, and less likely to anticipate retaliation than when aggressing against nonvictimized peers. Also, children placed greater value on securing tangible rewards but were less concerned by the thought of hurting or by the thought of their target retaliating when attacking a victimized peer than attacking a nonvictimized peer. This pattern was stronger for boys than for girls. Study 2 was designed to see what evaluative reactions fourth--through seventh-grade children (mean age = 11.3 years) would expect from themselves, from peers, and from teachers for aggression against victimized and nonvictimized peers. When contemplating aggressing against a victimized peer, children expected less disapproval from self and peers. A second purpose of Study 2 was to determine whether children were more likely to display hostile attributional bias toward victimized peers than toward nonvictimized peers. As predicted, hostile attributional bias was greater toward victimized peers than toward nonvictimized peers. Implications for theories of aggression, future areas of research, and for intervention with victimized children are discussed.
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Date Issued: 1990
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12259
Subject Headings: Psychology, Developmental, Psychology, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: PERSONALITY TRAIT ATTRIBUTION: THE ROLE OF TRAITS, SITUATIONS, AND ACTOR - OBSERVER DIFFERENCES IN PERSPECTIVE.
Creator: BENNETT, WILLIAM L. SCOTT., Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C.
Abstract/Description: An experiment was designed to test the differences in trait ascriptions of actors and observers. Hypotheses were derived from Monson and Snyder's (1977) causal attribution model such that actor's attributions about themselves would be more strongly affected by their behavioral history (i.e., traits), and that the trait attributions offered by observers would be more strongly influenced by the actor's momentary behavior. It was found that extraverted actors attributed more extraverted traits...
Show moreAn experiment was designed to test the differences in trait ascriptions of actors and observers. Hypotheses were derived from Monson and Snyder's (1977) causal attribution model such that actor's attributions about themselves would be more strongly affected by their behavioral history (i.e., traits), and that the trait attributions offered by observers would be more strongly influenced by the actor's momentary behavior. It was found that extraverted actors attributed more extraverted traits to themselves than did observers. It was also found that observers attributed traits to actors that were consistent with the behavior that actors exhibited. However, it was also found that introverted actors also attributed more extraverted traits to themselves than did observers. It was hypothesized that a strong social desirability component was operating to moderate the expected effects. Implications for the Jones and Nisbett (1972) hypothesis and for future research were discussed.
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Date Issued: 1987
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14396
Subject Headings: Personality, Social perception
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Perceptions of situational variability: Redefining its role in trait attributions.
Creator: Janowsky, Alisha, Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C.
Abstract/Description: A basic difference between the perspectives of actors and observers is the amount of information each has to make attributional inferences. Jones and Nisbett (1971) suggested these informational differences lead to an inverse relationship between trait and situational attributions, such that better-known others receive more situational attributions while lesser-known others receive more trait attributions. We hypothesized that attributors typically ignore their perceptions of situational...
Show moreA basic difference between the perspectives of actors and observers is the amount of information each has to make attributional inferences. Jones and Nisbett (1971) suggested these informational differences lead to an inverse relationship between trait and situational attributions, such that better-known others receive more situational attributions while lesser-known others receive more trait attributions. We hypothesized that attributors typically ignore their perceptions of situational variability when constructing their trait attributions as these perceptions are biased by the number of available observations. Subjects were given two or eight samples of behavior for a series of different targets and asked to independently make both trait and situational attributions. Subjects with access to eight observations perceived more behavioral variability and made more trait attributions than those with access to two observations. Furthermore, attributors' perceptions of situational variability were more closely related to measures of biased "sample variances" than to measures of "estimated population variances."
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12838
Subject Headings: Personality, Attribution (Social psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Predicting self-directed learning from personality type.
Creator: Johnson, Arthur Hudson., Florida Atlantic University, Bryan, Valerie
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to correlate readiness for self-directed learning with validated indices of personality type, determine which of these indices are significantly related with readiness for self-directed learning, and then predict readiness for self-directed learning from personality type. This study used the MBTI Form-M and SDLRS Form-A to assess personality type and readiness for self-directed learning. The null hypothesis of no significant correlation between any of the eight...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to correlate readiness for self-directed learning with validated indices of personality type, determine which of these indices are significantly related with readiness for self-directed learning, and then predict readiness for self-directed learning from personality type. This study used the MBTI Form-M and SDLRS Form-A to assess personality type and readiness for self-directed learning. The null hypothesis of no significant correlation between any of the eight-indicator scale scores on the MBTI and SDLRS total score was rejected. The scale indicators of Extroversion (E), Introversion (I), Judging (J), and Perceiving (P) were all significantly related to SMRS scores. Extroversion (E) and Judging (J) were positively related to SMRS scores at the p < .01 level of significance. Introversion (I) and Perceiving (P) were negatively related to SDLRS scores at the p < .01 level of significance. The null hypothesis that none of the eight scale indicators of the MBTI would be a significant predictor of readiness for self-directed learning was rejected. The ANOVA comparisons showed that Extroversion (E) and Judging (J) were significant and should be retained as part of the regression model. Extroversion (E) was significant at the p < .003 level of significance. Judging (J) was significant at the p < .008 level of significance. The multiple regression model that included both Extroversion (E) and Judging (J) as independent variables to predict readiness for self-directed learning was significant at the p < .000 level of significance. The predictor variables that were used in the regression model accounted for 25.1% of the variance in SDLRS scores with and adjusted R-square value of .251. The demographic profile of the students in the ORM program suggested that these learners are a full standard deviation above the norm of adults in the United States on their SDLRS total score. Consequently, further research is needed to support or refute the relationship between personality and self-directed learning.
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11958
Subject Headings: Self-culture, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Trait construct validity: Covariation assessment vs. averaging.
Creator: Pedersen, Ginger Lee., Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C.
Abstract/Description: Two experiments were conducted to assess subject accuracy in the attribution of trait constructs. It was hypothesized that subjects attributed trait constructs by averaging behavior across time, not by assessing covariation of behavior. In Experiment 1 subjects were given raw sets of baseball batting statistics and asked to attribute ability to the hitters. Major findings included that subjects were accurate in their attributions. In Experiment 2, subjects were given behavioral scores to use...
Show moreTwo experiments were conducted to assess subject accuracy in the attribution of trait constructs. It was hypothesized that subjects attributed trait constructs by averaging behavior across time, not by assessing covariation of behavior. In Experiment 1 subjects were given raw sets of baseball batting statistics and asked to attribute ability to the hitters. Major findings included that subjects were accurate in their attributions. In Experiment 2, subjects were given behavioral scores to use to place people on a trait scale. Varying numbers of scores were presented. The hypothesis that subjects would become increasingly accurate in their attributions as more information was gained was supported in the data. Other findings included that as more information was given, subjects viewed the behavior as more dependent on the situation. The findings are discussed in defense of the use of trait constructs in trait attribution.
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Date Issued: 1988
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14441
Subject Headings: Personality, Trait intercorrelations
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The dynamics of attitudes: Individual beliefs to cultural norms.
Creator: Harton, Helen C., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Dynamic social impact theory (DSIT; Latane, 1996a; 1996b), a macro-level theory of social influence, predicts that discussion will lead to a self-organization of public opinion through decreasing minority sizes, increasing spatial similarity, and emerging correlations. The catastrophe theory of attitudes (CTA; Latane & Nowak, 1994), a micro-level theory, suggests that attitudes are a joint function of issue involvement and information favorability. This paper describes the predictions leading...
Show moreDynamic social impact theory (DSIT; Latane, 1996a; 1996b), a macro-level theory of social influence, predicts that discussion will lead to a self-organization of public opinion through decreasing minority sizes, increasing spatial similarity, and emerging correlations. The catastrophe theory of attitudes (CTA; Latane & Nowak, 1994), a micro-level theory, suggests that attitudes are a joint function of issue involvement and information favorability. This paper describes the predictions leading from these theories separately and as integrated and meta-analytically combines analyses of almost 500 students discussing social and political issues over a computer network with twenty previous studies testing aspects of CTA. The results of an original computer simulation are also described. Involving attitudes are extreme and change nonlinearly, and involvement mediates thought-, information-, and discussion-induced attitude polarization. Involvement also relates to persuasion and the self-organization of opinion. These studies show converging support for CTA and DSIT and suggest that combining these theories may increase our ability to track the evolution of attitudes from individual beliefs to cultural norms.
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Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12568
Subject Headings: Psychology, Social, Psychology, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The effect of perspective taking on male retaliatory aggression under high provocation.
Creator: Signo, Manuel., Florida Atlantic University, Richardson, Deborah R.
Abstract/Description: The study examined the effect of dispositional and situationally induced perspective taking on male retaliatory aggression under high provocation. Zillmann's (1988) cognitive-excitation model of impulsive aggression provided the theoretical rationale. After completing the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Davis, 1983), subjects were informed that their scores revealed that they were either high or average perspective takers. They then participated in a competitive reaction-time task...
Show moreThe study examined the effect of dispositional and situationally induced perspective taking on male retaliatory aggression under high provocation. Zillmann's (1988) cognitive-excitation model of impulsive aggression provided the theoretical rationale. After completing the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Davis, 1983), subjects were informed that their scores revealed that they were either high or average perspective takers. They then participated in a competitive reaction-time task designed to measure verbal aggression and completed a postexperimental questionnaire. A 2 (dispositional perspective taking) by 2 (perspective taking expectation) analysis revealed no significant effects for retaliative aggression. A similar 2 (dispositional empathic concern) by 2 (perspective taking expectation) analysis revealed that highly empathic males retaliated with less offensive messages than did less empathically concerned males. However, none of the analyses revealed significant effects of the manipulation. The results address empathic concern's inhibitory effects after prolonged exposure to provocation.
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Date Issued: 1993
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14910
Subject Headings: Aggressiveness, Violence, Impulsive personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Influences of child temperament and maternal childrearing behavior on victimization in the peer group.
Creator: Malone, Maurice James, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Possible contributions of child temperamental styles and maternal parenting behaviors to the prediction of victimization in the peer group were examined. 106 middle-class boys and girls in the 4th through 7th grades and their mothers participated in the study. Children reported on the parenting behavior of their mothers, male and female same grade classmates nominated subjects on victimization and other social behaviors, and mothers of the children reported on their child's temperament....
Show morePossible contributions of child temperamental styles and maternal parenting behaviors to the prediction of victimization in the peer group were examined. 106 middle-class boys and girls in the 4th through 7th grades and their mothers participated in the study. Children reported on the parenting behavior of their mothers, male and female same grade classmates nominated subjects on victimization and other social behaviors, and mothers of the children reported on their child's temperament. Results indicated no moderator or mediator roles, for child temperament or maternal parenting, in the prediction of victimization. However, for boys, maternal overprotective parenting was associated with peer victimization. Maternal overprotectiveness also predicted boys' internalizing problems among peers. For girls, maternal hostility was associated with peer victimization and internalizing problems. For both sexes, hostile parenting predicted externalizing problems in the peer group. An impulsive temperamental style also predicted externalizing problems for both sexes. A unifying theory explaining gender differences in the relation between maternal behaviors and peer victimization was given. Suggestions for future research were also advanced.
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Date Issued: 1996
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12484
Subject Headings: Psychology, Developmental, Psychology, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: IGNITING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR (CWB): THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY.
Creator: Allen, Kevin, Harari, Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Management Programs, College of Business
Abstract/Description: Evidence in literature suggests that factors of personality are theoretically and empirically linked to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). This paper advances that personality is related to CWB through the prediction of a relationship between personality trait neuroticism factors volatility and withdrawal and CWB factors deviance and withdrawal. Further, workplace stressors are tested as moderators for personality and CWB dimensions. Useful data were provided by 542 working participants....
Show moreEvidence in literature suggests that factors of personality are theoretically and empirically linked to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). This paper advances that personality is related to CWB through the prediction of a relationship between personality trait neuroticism factors volatility and withdrawal and CWB factors deviance and withdrawal. Further, workplace stressors are tested as moderators for personality and CWB dimensions. Useful data were provided by 542 working participants. The study affirms a personality-behavior connection between subscales of Neurotic personality, volatility, and withdrawal, with the two behavioral manifestations of counterproductive work behavior, deviance, and withdrawal. Moderating results are modest, with results indicating a moderating effect limited to only organizational constraints on the volatility-deviance relationship.
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Date Issued: 2023
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014123
Subject Headings: Organizational behavior, Personality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Children's perceptions of caregiving by depressed mothers.
Creator: Martin, Elizabeth Anne, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G.
Abstract/Description: This thesis examined maternal caregiving as a function of maternal depression. Subjects were 184 fourth through seventh grade children and their mothers. Mothers' depression classification was determined by scores on a depression inventory. Both children and mothers responded to questionnaires developed to measure parenting style. Children also completed a peer nomination inventory to measure adjustment in the peer group. It was hypothesized that depressed mothers would be perceived as more...
Show moreThis thesis examined maternal caregiving as a function of maternal depression. Subjects were 184 fourth through seventh grade children and their mothers. Mothers' depression classification was determined by scores on a depression inventory. Both children and mothers responded to questionnaires developed to measure parenting style. Children also completed a peer nomination inventory to measure adjustment in the peer group. It was hypothesized that depressed mothers would be perceived as more likely to engage in negative parenting behaviors and less likely to exhibit positive caregiving. Similarly, it was expected that children with depressed mothers would exhibit greater internalizing/externalizing behavior problems in the peer group. Results were the reverse of those expected, with children of depressed mothers perceiving less use of aversive caregiving behaviors, and more positive interaction. Maternal depression was unrelated to measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
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Date Issued: 1995
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15173
Subject Headings: Mother and child, Depressed persons
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE EFFECTS OF SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINT AND SELF-SELECTION ON THE CROSS-SITUATIONAL CONSISTENCY OF BEHAVIOR.
Creator: WALKER, JACK B., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Many psychologists have promoted the use of personality traits and other dispositional constructs for the prediction of human behavior. However, other psychologists have concluded that individuals do not exhibit sufficient cross-situational consistency in their behavior to warrant the use of dispositional measures as predictors of behavior (e.g., Mischel, 1968; Nisbett, 1980). The present research was designed to demonstrate that cross-situational consistency correlation coefficients may be...
Show moreMany psychologists have promoted the use of personality traits and other dispositional constructs for the prediction of human behavior. However, other psychologists have concluded that individuals do not exhibit sufficient cross-situational consistency in their behavior to warrant the use of dispositional measures as predictors of behavior (e.g., Mischel, 1968; Nisbett, 1980). The present research was designed to demonstrate that cross-situational consistency correlation coefficients may be inadequate indicators of the utility of dispositional constructs. In particular, it was proposed that a consideration of the situational constraint present within a situation and the degree of the opportunity to self-select into a situation are important factors which aid in the specification of when personality traits can and cannot be used successfully to predict human behavior.
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Date Issued: 1986
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14344
Subject Headings: Personality, Human behavior, Prediction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Resolving the consistency paradox: An averaging explanation of the discrepancies between naive and professional psychologists.
Creator: Saigal, Elizabeth Anne, Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C.
Abstract/Description: Professional psychologists have frequently examined cross-situational correlations in behavior. Based upon low correlations in the range of 0.15 to 0.30, many professional psychologists have questioned the utility of using personality traits to describe and predict behavior. In contrast, the "naive psychologist" appears to have an inordinately high expectation that the behaviors that individuals exhibit are strongly related to the traits that they possess. This discrepancy in the views of...
Show moreProfessional psychologists have frequently examined cross-situational correlations in behavior. Based upon low correlations in the range of 0.15 to 0.30, many professional psychologists have questioned the utility of using personality traits to describe and predict behavior. In contrast, the "naive psychologist" appears to have an inordinately high expectation that the behaviors that individuals exhibit are strongly related to the traits that they possess. This discrepancy in the views of professional psychologists and naive psychologists has been termed the "consistency paradox". Based upon the many errors and biases that have been documented in the attribution process, most psychologists have assumed that the viewpoint held by the professional psychologist is correct and that held by the naive psychologist is wrong. The results of several studies are presented suggesting that naive psychologists are capable of accurately detecting traits through a behavior averaging process even when cross-situational correlations reach zero.
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12846
Subject Headings: Personality, Psychologists, Attribution (Social psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The implications of self-selection for the adaptiveness of the fundamental attribution error.
Creator: Wilson, Lili Milian, Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C.
Abstract/Description: The fundamental attribution error (FAE) refers to the social perceiver's tendency to emphasize dispositional rather than situational information when determining the causes for an actor's behavior (Ross, 1977). The present study challenges previous FAE research by suggesting that highly constrained experimental circumstances, not representative of real-world occurrences in which self-selection variables play a major role, are perhaps responsible for these findings. Subjects were given...
Show moreThe fundamental attribution error (FAE) refers to the social perceiver's tendency to emphasize dispositional rather than situational information when determining the causes for an actor's behavior (Ross, 1977). The present study challenges previous FAE research by suggesting that highly constrained experimental circumstances, not representative of real-world occurrences in which self-selection variables play a major role, are perhaps responsible for these findings. Subjects were given behavioral information and asked to make attributions based on a target's level of agreeableness and predict their intentions concerning future interactions. The data indicates that limited information can still lead to accurate identification of true scores. Attributions for behaviors that were exhibited under both low and high situational constraint were useful in detecting a target's underlying trait. They also form a foundation for guiding future interactions. Together, these findings support the notion that the FAE serves as an adaptive and appropriate strategy.
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Date Issued: 1993
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14927
Subject Headings: Attribution (Social psychology), Personality assessment
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESILIENCE IN LATER LIFE IN THE U.S. AND NEPAL.
Creator: Neupane Poudel, Bandana, Tappen, Ruth M., Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Abstract/Description: Resilience has been suggestive of successful aging. However, the resilience literature lacks a well-developed theoretical model of resilience in later life for diverse groups. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the resilience and its predictive factors in participants 60 years and older from the U.S. and Nepal. Secondary data from the Healthy Aging Research Initiative and newly collected data from Nepal were analyzed. Independent t-test using Welch’s test was used to assess...
Show moreResilience has been suggestive of successful aging. However, the resilience literature lacks a well-developed theoretical model of resilience in later life for diverse groups. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the resilience and its predictive factors in participants 60 years and older from the U.S. and Nepal. Secondary data from the Healthy Aging Research Initiative and newly collected data from Nepal were analyzed. Independent t-test using Welch’s test was used to assess the differences in resilience, functional activity, frailty, social support, personality, spirituality, physical health, and mental health of participants between the two countries. One-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of the groups using the Games-Howell post hoc test was conducted to assess the differences in resilience of participants across groups of ethnicities, frailty status, and religious attendance. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationship of resilience with independent variables. Backward elimination regression was used to identify the predictive factors of resilience. The model fit for the constructed conceptual model in the study was tested by Structural equation modeling.
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Date Issued: 2021
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013800
Subject Headings: Resilience (Personality trait) in old age, Healthy Aging, Resilience (Personality trait)--Nepal, Resilience (Personality trait)--United States
Format: Document (PDF)

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