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Eye fixations during encoding of familiar and unfamiliar language
Title
Eye fixations during encoding of familiar and unfamiliar language.
Creator
Mavica, Lauren Wood, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This study examines gaze patterns of monolinguals and bilinguals encoding speech in familiar and unfamiliar languages. In condition 1 English monolinguals viewed videos in familiar and unfamiliar languages (English and Spanish or Icelandic). They performed a task to ensure encoding: on each trial, two videos of short sentences were presented, followed by an audio-only recording of one of those sentences. Participants choose whether the audio-clip matched the first or second video....
Show moreThis study examines gaze patterns of monolinguals and bilinguals encoding speech in familiar and unfamiliar languages. In condition 1 English monolinguals viewed videos in familiar and unfamiliar languages (English and Spanish or Icelandic). They performed a task to ensure encoding: on each trial, two videos of short sentences were presented, followed by an audio-only recording of one of those sentences. Participants choose whether the audio-clip matched the first or second video. Participants gazed significantly longer at speaker's mouths when viewing unfamiliar languages. In condition 2 Spanish-English bilingual's viewed English and Spanish, no difference was found between the languages. In condition 3 the task was removed, English monolinguals viewed 20 English and 20 Icelandic videos, no difference in the gaze patterns was found, suggesting this phenomenon relies on encoding. Results indicate people encoding unfamiliar speech attend to the mouth presumably to extract more accurate audiovisually invariant and highly salient speech information.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362556
Subject Headings
Eye, Movements, Psycholinguistics, Biolinguistics, Figures of speech, Gage, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Flexible modification of biological coordination: The recruitment and suppression of degrees of freedom
Title
Flexible modification of biological coordination: The recruitment and suppression of degrees of freedom.
Creator
Buchanan, John J., Florida Atlantic University, Kelso, J. A. Scott
Abstract/Description
The dynamics of recruitment and suppression processes are studied in the coupled pendulum paradigm developed by Kugler and Turvey (1987). Experimentally, the main concern is whether pendulum motion in this task is purely planar. Theoretically, the main concern is whether one-dimensional phase equations developed originally by Haken, Kelso and Bunz (1985) and the symmetry breaking extension by Kelso, Delcolle and Schoner (1990), can capture the richness of the dynamics of this experimental...
Show moreThe dynamics of recruitment and suppression processes are studied in the coupled pendulum paradigm developed by Kugler and Turvey (1987). Experimentally, the main concern is whether pendulum motion in this task is purely planar. Theoretically, the main concern is whether one-dimensional phase equations developed originally by Haken, Kelso and Bunz (1985) and the symmetry breaking extension by Kelso, Delcolle and Schoner (1990), can capture the richness of the dynamics of this experimental model system. In experiment 1, subjects swung single hand-held pendulums in time with an auditory metronome whose frequency increased. Bifurcations from planar to spherical pendulum motion occurred at critical cycling frequencies. Typically, these frequencies were above the pendulum's eigenfrequency. Spectral measures showed that spherical pendulum motion was generated through the recruitment of wrist abduction and adduction. The spectral measures revealed that elbow flexion and extension was recruited as movement rate increased, presumably to stabilize pendulum motion. When recruited, both components frequency- and phase-entrained with the primary pendulum mover, wrist ulnar flexion-extension. In experiment 2, subjects swung coupled pendulums in either an in-phase or anti-phase coordinative mode as movement rate increased. Transitions between coordinative modes were not observed. Pattern stability, as defined by the variability of the phase relation between the pendulums, was not affected to any large degree by increasing movement rate. Bifurcations from planar to spherical motion emerged at critical cycling frequencies. Spectral measures demonstrated that this motion was generated by abduction and adduction of the wrist. Elbow flexion-extension motion was also recruited. The newly active components frequency- and phase-entrained with wrist ulnar flexion-extension. When the same neuromuscular components were recruited simultaneously, e.g., elbow motion in both arms, the components exhibited frequency- and phase-entrainment with the task defined pattern. The results demonstrate that recruitment processes stabilize the coordinative modes, thereby reducing the need to switch patterns. Both experiments revealed a much richer dynamics than ever observed in the coupled pendulum paradigm and question the application of one-dimensional phase equation models to the coupled pendulum paradigm.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12439
Subject Headings
Kinesiology, Human mechanics, Movement, Psychology of, Motor learning
Format
Document (PDF)
The Effects of Dichoptic and Isoluminant-Chromatic Stimuli on the Perception of Object and Objectless Motion
Title
The Effects of Dichoptic and Isoluminant-Chromatic Stimuli on the Perception of Object and Objectless Motion.
Creator
Seifert, Matthew S., Hong, Sang Wook, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Visual motion can be conveyed by a variety of information sources in the environment, and those types of information may be detected at various levels by different motion-perceiving mechanisms in the visual system. High-level visual information has been demonstrated to have 3rd order, or salience-based properties (Lu & Sperling, 1995). The perceptual system they describe that computes motion from these types of information shares several characteristics with Hock and colleagues' counterchange...
Show moreVisual motion can be conveyed by a variety of information sources in the environment, and those types of information may be detected at various levels by different motion-perceiving mechanisms in the visual system. High-level visual information has been demonstrated to have 3rd order, or salience-based properties (Lu & Sperling, 1995). The perceptual system they describe that computes motion from these types of information shares several characteristics with Hock and colleagues' counterchange detection system, notably flexibility with respect to types of input from which motion can be computed, which comes at the cost of diminished processing speed. The mechanism of counterchange detection is well suited to processing visual features often present in environmental scenes, e.g., objects and surfaces, and may be a mechanism of 3rd order motion. Consistent with reported properties of 3rd order motion, the current experiments tested count erchange-, luminance-, and color-based motion stimuli with 3 objectives: to identify whether the 3 systems framework generalizes beyond the stimulus type with which it was defined, to test whether counterchange shares similarities with the 3rd order system with respect to dichoptic integration, and perception of isoluminant color-based motion, and to test subjectively objectless sources of motion-defining information (spreading luminance and hue) to see if they display properties of the 1st order system derived from sine wave gratings. Results indicate that counterchange-based stimuli displayed predicted properties of dichoptic integration, and perception at isoluminance, but putative 1st order (spreading) stimuli also displayed these properties. This may suggest that object-like surfaces, even when not directly the source of motion information, can contribute to computation of motion. Further, these results highlight the difficulty of generalizing from one theoretical framework to another, and specifically, of psychophysically testing high-level information while isolating contributions from low level information upon which high level visual stimuli are built.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004545, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004545
Subject Headings
Movement, Psychology of, Perceptual motor processes, Physiological optics, Space and time, Visual perception
Format
Document (PDF)
Segregating stimululs information for counterchange and motion energy-determined motion perception
Title
Segregating stimululs information for counterchange and motion energy-determined motion perception.
Creator
Seifert, Matthew S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
It has been argued that the perception of apparent motion is based on the detection of counterchange (oppositely signed changes in luminance contrast at pairs of spatial locations) rather than motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). A constraint in furthering this distinction is that both counterchange and motion energy are present for most motion stimuli. Three experiments used illusory-contour and luminance-based stimuli to segregate (experiments 1 and 2) and combine ...
Show moreIt has been argued that the perception of apparent motion is based on the detection of counterchange (oppositely signed changes in luminance contrast at pairs of spatial locations) rather than motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). A constraint in furthering this distinction is that both counterchange and motion energy are present for most motion stimuli. Three experiments used illusory-contour and luminance-based stimuli to segregate (experiments 1 and 2) and combine (experiment 3) counterchange and motion energy information. Motion specified by counterchange was perceived for translating illusory squares over a wide range of frame durations, and preferentially for short motion paths. Motion specified by motion energy was diminished by relatively long frame durations, but was not affected by the length of the motion path. Results for the combined stimulus were consistent with counterchange as the basis for apparent motion perception, despite the presence of motion energy.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362563
Subject Headings
Perceptual-motor processes, Movement, Psychology of, Space and time, Visual perception
Format
Document (PDF)
Competition between opposing motion directions in the perception of apparent motion: A new look at an old stimulus
Title
Competition between opposing motion directions in the perception of apparent motion: A new look at an old stimulus.
Creator
Huisman, Avia, Florida Atlantic University, Hock, Howard S.
Abstract/Description
This study tested the hypothesis that the perception of 2-flash apparent motion (points of light are briefly presented in succession at a nearby locations) is the outcome of competition between two opposing motion directions activated by the stimulus. Experiment 1 replicated previous results obtained using 2-flash stimuli; motion was optimal for a non-zero inter-frame interval (Kolers, 1972; Wertheimer, 1912). In Experiment 2, stimuli were pared down to a single luminance change toward the...
Show moreThis study tested the hypothesis that the perception of 2-flash apparent motion (points of light are briefly presented in succession at a nearby locations) is the outcome of competition between two opposing motion directions activated by the stimulus. Experiment 1 replicated previous results obtained using 2-flash stimuli; motion was optimal for a non-zero inter-frame interval (Kolers, 1972; Wertheimer, 1912). In Experiment 2, stimuli were pared down to a single luminance change toward the background at one location, and a single luminance change away from the background at one location at another. Results were consistent with apparent motion being specified by the counter-changing luminance; motion was optimal for a non-zero inter-frame interval. A subtractive model based on counter-change stimulating opposing motion directions did not account for the results of the 2-flash experiment. An alternative model based on the combined transient responses of biphasic detectors is discussed.
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Date Issued
2005
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13209
Subject Headings
Contrast sensitivity (Vision), Visual perception, Motion perception (Vision), Movement, Psychology of
Format
Document (PDF)
Perceptions of the environment: an ethnographic study of sensory awareness and environmental activism among south Florida yoga practitioners
Title
Perceptions of the environment: an ethnographic study of sensory awareness and environmental activism among south Florida yoga practitioners.
Creator
Weisner, Meagan L., Cameron, Mary, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description
The practice of yoga is an increasingly popularized movement within the West that incorporates the desire for physical fitness, spiritual consciousness, and environmentalism. Emanating from the New Age movement, the popularity of yoga has proliferated as a subculture that seeks to encourage mind–body wellbeing while representing an ethos that assumes environmental responsibility. This thesis examines the techniques of modern yoga and the influence that asana (posture) and meditational...
Show moreThe practice of yoga is an increasingly popularized movement within the West that incorporates the desire for physical fitness, spiritual consciousness, and environmentalism. Emanating from the New Age movement, the popularity of yoga has proliferated as a subculture that seeks to encourage mind–body wellbeing while representing an ethos that assumes environmental responsibility. This thesis examines the techniques of modern yoga and the influence that asana (posture) and meditational relaxation have on the senses and subsequently on environmental awareness and activism.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004418, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004418
Subject Headings
Cognition and culture, Environmental psychology, Mind and body, Movement therapy, Philosophy of mind, Self consciousness (Awareness), Senses and sensation, Sensorimotor integration, Yoga
Format
Document (PDF)