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THE INFLUENCE OF EVENT SEGMENTATION ON MEMORY FOR ACTORS AND THEIR ACTIONS
Title
THE INFLUENCE OF EVENT SEGMENTATION ON MEMORY FOR ACTORS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
Creator
Smithwick, Megan S., Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Previous research indicates that event boundaries can hinder or facilitate memory. The present study aimed to examine the influence of physical context changes (i.e., event boundaries) on the memory for actors and the actions they performed. Undergraduate participants (N=121) from Florida Atlantic University viewed two different video clip set types of actors performing various actions. The continuous context (CC) video set type included four different actors performing actions in the same...
Show morePrevious research indicates that event boundaries can hinder or facilitate memory. The present study aimed to examine the influence of physical context changes (i.e., event boundaries) on the memory for actors and the actions they performed. Undergraduate participants (N=121) from Florida Atlantic University viewed two different video clip set types of actors performing various actions. The continuous context (CC) video set type included four different actors performing actions in the same physical context. The discontinuous context (DC) video set type contained four actors, the first, second, and fourth actors shown in each set performed actions in the same physical context (e.g., a library), while the third actor in the set performed an action in a different physical context (e.g., a playground). After viewing the videos, memory for the actors and the actions was evaluated using the Person-Action-Conjunction (PAC) test in a retrieval session. Participants provided significantly more ‘yes’ responses to old item than to conjunction items at retrieval. No significant differences in the proportion of ‘yes’ were found between the CC video items and DC video items. These results could be due to the manipulation of physical context not being sufficiently strong to influence event segmentation.
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Date Issued
2021
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013866
Subject Headings
Memory, Memory--Research
Format
Document (PDF)
Memory Narrowing and Thematic Arousal: The Effect of Negative Emotion on Memory for Event Details
Title
Memory Narrowing and Thematic Arousal: The Effect of Negative Emotion on Memory for Event Details.
Creator
Curtayne, Eileen, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Laney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found...
Show moreLaney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found evidence that negative arousal improves memory for all categories of details. The current study tested Laney et al. 's theory that a visually arousing stimulus, rather than negative arousal, is responsible for memory nan·owing as well as their position that negative arousal benefits recall of both central and peripheral information. Support was found for both assertions of Laney et al. The presence of a visually salient and emotionally provoking detail produced an effect similar to the traditional memory narrowing pattem and exposure to the negative thematic climax resulted in improved memory performance for all the detail categories. However, this latter effect was observed only for the female participants. No evidence was found to support the Easterbrook hypothesis.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000850
Subject Headings
Eyewitness identification--Psychological aspects, Memory--Research, Cognitive neuroscience
Format
Document (PDF)
The effect of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels on emotional learning and memory
Title
The effect of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels on emotional learning and memory.
Creator
Sanguinetti, Shannon, Stackman, Robert W., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels have been shown to alter the encoding of spatial and non-spatial memory in the hippocampus by shaping glutamatergic postsynaptic potentials and modulating NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. When activated, dendritic SK channels reduce hippocampal neuronal excitability and LTP. Similar SK channel properties have been demonstrated in lateral amygdala (LA) pyramidal neurons. Additionally, induction of synaptic plasticity and beta...
Show moreSmall conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels have been shown to alter the encoding of spatial and non-spatial memory in the hippocampus by shaping glutamatergic postsynaptic potentials and modulating NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. When activated, dendritic SK channels reduce hippocampal neuronal excitability and LTP. Similar SK channel properties have been demonstrated in lateral amygdala (LA) pyramidal neurons. Additionally, induction of synaptic plasticity and beta-adrenoreceptor activation in LA pyramidal neurons causes PKA-mediated internalization of SK channels from the postsynaptic density. Chronic activation of the amygdala through repetitive stressful stimuli can lead to excitatory synaptic strengthening that may create permanent hyper-excitability in its circuitry. This mechanism may contribute to a number of mood and anxiety disorders. The selective influence of SK channels in the LA on anxiety and fear conditioning are not known. The thesis project outlined herein examined whether SK channel blockade by bee venom peptide, apamin, during a repetitive acute fear conditioning paradigm was sufficient to alter fear memory encoding and the resulting behavioral outcome. Following the final fear memory test session, mice were tested in the open field immediately after the second fear conditioning test session. The findings indicate that intracranial LA microinfusions of apamin did not affect memory encoding or subsequent anxiety.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004543, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004543
Subject Headings
Biological transport -- Research, Cellular signal transduction, Memory -- Research, Mice as laboratory animals, Potassium channels -- Physiological effect
Format
Document (PDF)
Of Mice, Men and Memories: The Role of the Rodent Hippocampus in Object Recognition
Title
Of Mice, Men and Memories: The Role of the Rodent Hippocampus in Object Recognition.
Creator
Cohen, Sarah J., Stackman, Robert W., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
Establishing appropriate animal models for the study of human memory is paramount to the development of memory disorder treatments. Damage to the hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain structure, has been implicated in the memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In humans, the role of the hippocampus is largely defined; yet, its role in rodents is much less clear due to conflicting findings. To investigate these discrepancies, an extensive review of the rodent...
Show moreEstablishing appropriate animal models for the study of human memory is paramount to the development of memory disorder treatments. Damage to the hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain structure, has been implicated in the memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In humans, the role of the hippocampus is largely defined; yet, its role in rodents is much less clear due to conflicting findings. To investigate these discrepancies, an extensive review of the rodent literature was conducted, with a focus on studies that used the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) paradigm for testing. The total amount of time the objects were explored during training and the delay imposed between training and testing seemed to determine hippocampal recruitment in rodents. Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with bilateral dorsal CA1 guide cannulae to allow for the inactivation of the hippocampus at discrete time points in the task. The results suggest that the rodent hippocampus is crucial to the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of object memory. Next, it was determined that there is a delay-dependent involvement of the hippocampus in object memory, implying that other structures may be supporting the memory prior to the recruitment of hippocampus. In addition, when the context memory and object memory could be further dissociated, by altering the task design, the results imply a necessary role for the hippocampus in the object memory, irrespective of context. Also, making the task more perceptually demanding, by requiring the mice to perform a two-dimensional to three-dimensional association between stimuli, engaged the hippocampus. Then, in the traditional NOR task, long and short training exploration times were imposed to determine brain region activity for weak and strong object memory. The inactivation and immunohistochemistry findings imply weak object memory is perirhinal cortex dependent, while strong object memory is hippocampal-dependent. Taken together, the findings suggest that mice, like humans, process object memory on a continuum from weak to strong, recruiting the hippocampus conditionally for strong familiarity. Confirming this functional similarity between the rodent and human object memory systems could be beneficial for future studies investigating memory disorders.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004580
Subject Headings
Memory--Research., Mice as laboratory animals., Hippocampus (Brain)--Physiology., Episodic memory., Neurotransmitter receptors., Cellular control mechanisms., Cellular signal transduction., Human information processing.
Format
Document (PDF)