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(1 - 9 of 9)
- Title
- Intrinsic dynamics of stereotypical judgment: Ethnicity versus behavior.
- Creator
- Haddad, Lubna, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
White Americans today hold complex, conflicting attitudes towards Black Americans. This research tracked participants' thoughts over time as they evaluated members of different ethnic groups performing action that was either congruent or conflicting with the stereotypes associated with the ethnic group. White and Black participants recorded their moment-to-moment feelings towards White and Black targets (represented by a photograph on the screen), and then used a computer mouse to express the...
Show moreWhite Americans today hold complex, conflicting attitudes towards Black Americans. This research tracked participants' thoughts over time as they evaluated members of different ethnic groups performing action that was either congruent or conflicting with the stereotypes associated with the ethnic group. White and Black participants recorded their moment-to-moment feelings towards White and Black targets (represented by a photograph on the screen), and then used a computer mouse to express the feelings portrayed in their recordings. Results indicated that when Black participants evaluated a Black target committing a negative act, they expressed negative feelings, accompanied by highly dynamic changes in thought. In contrast to the results of preliminary research, White participants' judgment displayed a simple behavior effect. Results suggest that in-group/out-group judgment might reflect different dynamic properties depending on the particular ethnic groups. Future research should explore the intrinsic dynamics associated with stereotypical judgement from specific socio-historic perspectives.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2000
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12716
- Subject Headings
- Stereotypes (Social psychology), Judgment, Prejudices
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The attentional basis of deontic and moral reasoning in social situations.
- Creator
- Sellers, Patrick D. II, Causey, Kayla B., Bjorklund, David F., Graduate College
- Date Issued
- 2011-04-08
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3164796, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT3164796
- Subject Headings
- Social contract, Deontic logic, Judgment (Ethics)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The relationship between memory and social judgement: A dynamical perspective.
- Creator
- Yuan, Xiaojing, Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R.
- Abstract/Description
-
This study explored the relationship between memory and social judgment. Subjects evaluated someone who was described in both desirable and undesirable terms in a taped conversation. They used a computer mouse to express their judgments on a moment-to-moment basis for 90 sec. under one of three instructional sets: memory-based (mouse judgment upon completion of the conversation, based on their recall of information), on-line (mouse judgment while listening to the conversation), and off-line ...
Show moreThis study explored the relationship between memory and social judgment. Subjects evaluated someone who was described in both desirable and undesirable terms in a taped conversation. They used a computer mouse to express their judgments on a moment-to-moment basis for 90 sec. under one of three instructional sets: memory-based (mouse judgment upon completion of the conversation, based on their recall of information), on-line (mouse judgment while listening to the conversation), and off-line (mouse judgment upon completion of the conversation, based on their judgments formed while listening to the conversation). Half the subjects believed their judgments were relevant to the person's fate (high importance), half believed their judgments were not relevant to his fate (low importance). Subjects in the off-line/important condition demonstrated sustained oscillation in their mouse judgments throughout the judgment period in accord with dynamic integration. In all other conditions, subjects converged on a stable judgment relatively quickly, in accord with static integration.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1997
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15472
- Subject Headings
- Social values, Social perception, Memory, Judgment (Logic)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Attentional basis of deontic reasoning about permission rules in 3-5 year-old children.
- Creator
- Sellers, Patrick D. II, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Deontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions often utilizing conditional logic (Wason, 1968). Correct identification of rule violations is bolstered by the addition of a social valence to the rule for both adults (Tooby & Cosmides, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996). This “deontic advantage” for violation-detection is taken as evidence for evolved social-cognitive mechanisms for reasoning about cheaters in the context of social...
Show moreDeontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions often utilizing conditional logic (Wason, 1968). Correct identification of rule violations is bolstered by the addition of a social valence to the rule for both adults (Tooby & Cosmides, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996). This “deontic advantage” for violation-detection is taken as evidence for evolved social-cognitive mechanisms for reasoning about cheaters in the context of social contracts (Fiddick, 2004), and the early development of this advantage supports an evolutionary account of such abilities (Cummins, 2013). The current research hypothesized that differential attention to rule elements underlies the early emergence of the deontic advantage. Accuracy to a change-detection paradigm was used to assess implicit attention to various rule elements after children were told 4 different rules (2 social contracts, 2 epistemic statements). Thirteen 3-year-olds, twenty 4-year-olds, and sixteen 5-year-olds completed the experiment. Each participant completed 64 change-detection trials embedded within a scene depicting adherence to or violation of the rule. Results indicate that 4 and 5 year-olds consistently attend to the most relevant rule information for making decisions regarding violation (F(6, 124)=3.86, p<.01, ηp 2 = .144) and that they use observed compliance/non-compliance with the rule to further direct attention (F(6, 138)=3.27, p<.01, ηp 2 = .125). Furthermore, accuracy of change-detection to scenes of rule violation increases from ages 4 to 5, but not 3 to 4. However, a novel finding emerged suggesting that children use the absence of benefit to direct attention, suggesting possible “being-cheated” detection, rather than cheater-detection (F(9, 345) = 21.855, p<.001, ηp 2 = .322). This work is the first to investigate a deontic effect on attentional processes and opens a new avenue of inquiry to understanding the internal and external variables contributing to the development of deontic reasoning. Follow up studies are currently underway to clarify how children use these environmental cues and in/out group membership to direct attention to rule violations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004159
- Subject Headings
- Child development, Child psychology, Judgment (Ethics), Judgment in children, Moral development, Reasoning in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Keeping an eye on cheaters: cognitive and social determinates of successful deontic reasoning in preschool children.
- Creator
- Sellers, Patrick D. II, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Deontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions founded on conditional logic (Wason,1968). The inclusion of a social valence to deontic rules leads to increased rule violation identification in both adults (Cosmides & Tooby, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996), suggesting an evolutionary advantage for a specific class of reasoning known as “cheater-detection” (Fiddick, 2004). The current investigation is the first attempt to understand...
Show moreDeontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions founded on conditional logic (Wason,1968). The inclusion of a social valence to deontic rules leads to increased rule violation identification in both adults (Cosmides & Tooby, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996), suggesting an evolutionary advantage for a specific class of reasoning known as “cheater-detection” (Fiddick, 2004). The current investigation is the first attempt to understand the cognitive and social variables that account for children’s logical reasoning advantage in social violation situations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004464
- Subject Headings
- Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Deontic logic, Developmental psychology, Judgment (Ethics), Judgment in children, Moral development, Moral motivation, Practical reason, Reasoning in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- CHILDREN’S MORAL SENSITIVITY: AN EXAMINATION OF THE SUSPECTED LINK BETWEEN ALTRUISTIC PUNISHMENT AND MORAL JUDGMENTS.
- Creator
- Dukes, Charles, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Developmental research on moral psychology has long been driven by the classic studies of Lawrence Kohlberg with an almost exclusive focus on reasoning. The adoption of an evolutionary perspective has opened moral psychology to investigations into the deep roots of morality. From this perspective, it is thought that group living (cooperation), evolved psychological mechanisms, disgust, emotion, and punishment make for the complex building blocks that is morality. Based on this notion, it is...
Show moreDevelopmental research on moral psychology has long been driven by the classic studies of Lawrence Kohlberg with an almost exclusive focus on reasoning. The adoption of an evolutionary perspective has opened moral psychology to investigations into the deep roots of morality. From this perspective, it is thought that group living (cooperation), evolved psychological mechanisms, disgust, emotion, and punishment make for the complex building blocks that is morality. Based on this notion, it is quite possible that morality is present early in life and driven by the forces of natural selection. Thus, moral development may be understood by taking a different approach, one that takes into account the tenants of evolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of third-party punishment on children’s moral sentiments using a common moral transgression (exclusion from a group). For this cross-sectional study, children in age groups 4-5, 7-8, and 12-13 years heard two short stories describing a perpetrator (matched in gender to the participant) who excludes a victim (also matched in gender to the participant). For each story, children were asked to imagine a different relationship to the victim: kin (i.e., brother or sister) or non-kin (i.e., friend/stranger). After each story, children were asked to rate the intensity of the moral transgression, choose a possible punishment for the perpetrator, identify an emotion associated with the transgression, and then offer a justification for the emotion. A total of 109 children were interviewed for the study. Results were mixed. Relationship (kin vs. non-kin) made a difference in some cases, while not in others. Overall, all children rated the treatment of the victim as wrong, deemed punishment as necessary, and reported neutral emotions. The children in the 12 to 13 age group were different on measures of wrongness and emotional responses. There is some evidence that relationship may influence moral sentiments, which is in line with an evolutionary hypothesis. Moral sentiments seem to be present early, and common moral transgressions are perceived as wrong early and consistently across age groups. This study provides some insight into the evolutionary roots of morality. Additional research is necessary to gain a greater understanding of other factors contributing to the evolutionary roots of morality.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013300
- Subject Headings
- Moral development, Ethics, Evolutionary, Moral judgment, Children, Punishment, Moral psychology of the emotions
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The influence of professional identity and outcome knowledge on professional judgment.
- Creator
- Johnson, Anna J., Higgs, Julia, Florida Atlantic University, College of Business, School of Accounting
- Abstract/Description
-
In response to the release of one of its Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB or Board) inspection reports, Deloitte notes that “[p]rofessional judgments of reasonable and highly competent people may differ as to the nature and extent of necessary auditing procedures, conclusions reached and required documentation” (PCAOB, 2008, 30). Other responses to PCAOB findings echo this sentiment. Stakeholders need to understand causes of differences between experts’ professional judgments...
Show moreIn response to the release of one of its Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB or Board) inspection reports, Deloitte notes that “[p]rofessional judgments of reasonable and highly competent people may differ as to the nature and extent of necessary auditing procedures, conclusions reached and required documentation” (PCAOB, 2008, 30). Other responses to PCAOB findings echo this sentiment. Stakeholders need to understand causes of differences between experts’ professional judgments to effectively utilize PCAOB inspection findings and firms’ responses to those findings. This study uses Social Identity Theory to explore whether role identity as an audit partner, internal reviewer, or PCAOB inspector, influences an expert’s judgments in an ambiguous decision environment. I find that professional judgments do not differ based on professional identity. This study also examines whether the presence or absence of outcome knowledge explains judgment differences among auditing experts. Consistent with prior research, e.g. Peecher & Piercey, 2008, outcome knowledge does affect experts’ professional judgment. I also find that experts’ level of organizational identification and membership esteem impacts professional judgment.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004126, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004126
- Subject Headings
- Accountants -- Professional ethics, Accounting -- Decision making, Auditing -- Decision making, Business ethics, Judgment, Managerial accounting
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Investigations of a time dependent measurement technique for social judgment.
- Creator
- Kaufman, J., Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Argument is made for the use of variation permissive methods in the study of social judgment; one such dynamic method which purports to track on-line social evaluation (the mouse paradigm) is then introduced. The methodology of the mouse paradigm, which involves updating 'moment-to-moment' feelings via manipulation of a cursor by computer mouse, permits a wide range of experimental contrivance. Three varieties (SCALE, 1D and 2D), which differ in the amount of virtual (on screen) freedom of...
Show moreArgument is made for the use of variation permissive methods in the study of social judgment; one such dynamic method which purports to track on-line social evaluation (the mouse paradigm) is then introduced. The methodology of the mouse paradigm, which involves updating 'moment-to-moment' feelings via manipulation of a cursor by computer mouse, permits a wide range of experimental contrivance. Three varieties (SCALE, 1D and 2D), which differ in the amount of virtual (on screen) freedom of movement and psychological constraint, were tested with stereotyped targets (negative, ambivalent and positive) to determine any differences in their absolute distance time series and the extent to which aspects of these time series remained correlated with traditional scale-ratings of positivity and stability in feelings about targets. Results indicated a sharp difference between the two-dimensional (2D) variety and the one-dimensional varieties (SCALE and 1D), a finding which supports contention that the 2D variety possesses an appropriate balance of freedom and constraint.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1994
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15003
- Subject Headings
- Judgment, Attitude change, Verbal behavior, Psychometrics, Permutation groups, Group theory, Galois theory
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Mercy remembered in wrath : a sermon preached by the Rev. Dr. Fuller, on Thursday, September 26, 1861, being the day of national fasting, humiliation and prayer.
- Creator
- Fuller, Richard 1804-1876
- Abstract/Description
-
Includes bibliographical references. FAU copy has original green printed wrappers; side stitched with cord.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/fauwsb19f14
- Subject Headings
- American Civil War (1861-1865), Bible -- Habakkuk, III, 2 -- Sermons, Fast day sermons -- 1861 Sept. 26, Fast day sermons -- Maryland -- Baltimore, Judgment of God -- Sermons, Righteousness -- Biblical teaching -- Sermons, Sermons, American -- 19th century, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Sermons
- Format
- E-book
