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verdict: The emergence process in the allocation of blame
Title
The verdict: The emergence process in the allocation of blame.
Creator
Verebay, Jacqueline, Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R.
Abstract/Description
The primary goal of this research was to determine if the emergence process of action identification could be applied to the way a person perceives another's actions and therefore predict contrasting judgments of right and wrong. Specifically, subjects read transcripts depicting a crime of either grand theft or murder under an induced high or low level of action identification, followed by one of two closing arguments which summarized the position of either the defense or the prosecution....
Show moreThe primary goal of this research was to determine if the emergence process of action identification could be applied to the way a person perceives another's actions and therefore predict contrasting judgments of right and wrong. Specifically, subjects read transcripts depicting a crime of either grand theft or murder under an induced high or low level of action identification, followed by one of two closing arguments which summarized the position of either the defense or the prosecution. Judgments of blame were obtained from all subjects. Results suggest that the emergence process is more general than originally conceived and can be applied to person perception. As predicted, compared to high level subjects, low level subjects who read about the crime of grand theft, were more influenced by whatever closing argument they read. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Date Issued
1990
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14584
Subject Headings
Intentionalism, Verdicts
Format
Document (PDF)
ACTION IDENTIFICATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT: THE OPTIMALITY HYPOTHESIS
Title
ACTION IDENTIFICATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT: THE OPTIMALITY HYPOTHESIS.
Creator
MCMAHAN, SUSAN C., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The present research examined within the framework of action identification theory the issue of self-awareness and its effect on impression management. The optimality hypothesis predicts that people should successfully perform an act when their prepotent identification for what they are doing closely matches their capacity to perform the action. In general, difficult acts warrant lower level identities, whereas easy acts warrant higher level identities for optimal performance. The belief was...
Show moreThe present research examined within the framework of action identification theory the issue of self-awareness and its effect on impression management. The optimality hypothesis predicts that people should successfully perform an act when their prepotent identification for what they are doing closely matches their capacity to perform the action. In general, difficult acts warrant lower level identities, whereas easy acts warrant higher level identities for optimal performance. The belief was that self-awareness (a focus on the self-relevance of one's behavior or a focus on the mechanics of one's behavior) parallels the dimension of identification level (high vs. low). Thus, self-focused attention should impair people's performance only to the extent that it pulls their attention away from an optimal level of identification of the action. Overall, the findings support this notion and suggest that when a task is difficult or unfamiliar, it is better to focus on the lower level details of performing the act rather than on the significance or implications of the act. Theoretical issues and implications for self-presentation are discussed.
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Date Issued
1987
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14402
Subject Headings
Intentionalism, Self-presentation
Format
Document (PDF)
Self-evaluation of social ability: An action identification analysis
Title
Self-evaluation of social ability: An action identification analysis.
Creator
Kingree, Jeffrey Brooks, Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
A critical discrepancy in the self-evaluation literature concerns whether self-uncertainty leads to accurate or biased self-evaluations. After discussing the prior research which has rendered this discrepancy, I propose an experiment to reach a resolution to the discrepancy. Principles of action identification theory are used in proposing that the link between self-uncertainty and self-evaluation is moderated by the amount of evaluative threat inherent to the situation in which the self...
Show moreA critical discrepancy in the self-evaluation literature concerns whether self-uncertainty leads to accurate or biased self-evaluations. After discussing the prior research which has rendered this discrepancy, I propose an experiment to reach a resolution to the discrepancy. Principles of action identification theory are used in proposing that the link between self-uncertainty and self-evaluation is moderated by the amount of evaluative threat inherent to the situation in which the self-evaluation is taking place. The experiment established that subjects who are induced to identify their actions in low level terms are more likely to exhibit biases when pursuing self-evaluations of their social ability, with the biases manifested in these subjects' preferences to be evaluated in non-diagnostic ways. The implications of this general finding and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Date Issued
1991
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14728
Subject Headings
Intentionalism, Self, Social psychology
Format
Document (PDF)
Thinking about sexual behavior: Action identification and sex education
Title
Thinking about sexual behavior: Action identification and sex education.
Creator
Busenbarrick, Elizabeth F., Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R.
Abstract/Description
Action identification theory asserts that people undertake action with a particular identity for what they are doing, and that this identity is resistant to change. Emergence of a new understanding of action occurs when the person thinks about some detail of the action and is then exposed to a new higher level identity for the act. To test the emergence hypothesis with respect to sexual behavior, subjects were asked to think about having sex and list either the high level aspects (i.e.,...
Show moreAction identification theory asserts that people undertake action with a particular identity for what they are doing, and that this identity is resistant to change. Emergence of a new understanding of action occurs when the person thinks about some detail of the action and is then exposed to a new higher level identity for the act. To test the emergence hypothesis with respect to sexual behavior, subjects were asked to think about having sex and list either the high level aspects (i.e., consequences and implications of having sex) or lower level aspects (i.e., details of having sex). Subjects then read an article identifying sex as responsible behavior or physical pleasure. As predicted, subjects induced to think about the act of having sex in terms of its details expressed their cognitive representation of the act in a way which conformed with the target emergent identity (pleasure or responsibility) to which they were exposed.
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Date Issued
1989
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14557
Subject Headings
Sex (Psychology), Intentionalism, Sex, Sex instruction
Format
Document (PDF)
That's easy for you to say: Action identification and speech fluency
Title
That's easy for you to say: Action identification and speech fluency.
Creator
Vallacher, Robin R., Wegner, Daniel M., Somoza, Maria P.
Date Issued
1989
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2796529
Subject Headings
Social psychology., Intentionalism., Motivation (Psychology)., Psycholinguistics., Speech --Research.
Format
Document (PDF)
Levels of personal agency: individual variation in action identification
Title
Levels of personal agency: individual variation in action identification.
Creator
Vallacher, Robin R., Wegner, Daniel M.
Date Issued
1989
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2796508
Subject Headings
Intentionalism., Agent(Philosophy)., Motivation (Psychology) --Social aspects., Social psychology., Personality and cognition.
Format
Document (PDF)
Toward a pragmatics of intent
Title
Toward a pragmatics of intent: cognitive approaches in creative and critical writing.
Creator
Wolfe, Lois., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Languages, Linguistics and Comparative Literature
Abstract/Description
Locus of an author poses questions of intentionality, how intention is discovered, expressed, hidden, revealed and interpreted. The purpose of the study is to find and apply productive interdisciplinary concepts in intentionality detection, decoding and evaluation in fictional texts. The investigation integrates traditions in literature, linguistics, cognitive science and creative writing, posing a pragmatics of intent that complements and complicates precepts in reader reception-based...
Show moreLocus of an author poses questions of intentionality, how intention is discovered, expressed, hidden, revealed and interpreted. The purpose of the study is to find and apply productive interdisciplinary concepts in intentionality detection, decoding and evaluation in fictional texts. The investigation integrates traditions in literature, linguistics, cognitive science and creative writing, posing a pragmatics of intent that complements and complicates precepts in reader reception-based constructivism. Basic to a vision of pragmatic strategies: 1) situating effect and affect in an embodied mind; 2) acknowledging mutual and/or oppositional intentionalities which an embodied author and embodied reader bring to the process of fictional communication; 3) accepting language as communication that requires cognitive translation of consensually-agreed upon symbols into private representations in an embodied mind; 4) assuming that an author's fictionalizing consciousness is more discernible w hen it is navigating tensions of selection, proportion, intervention and perspective. Perceptual and close reading of J.M. Coetzee's Foe yields descriptive problematics. Analytical readings in a neglected byway of I.A. Richards' New Criticism provide pragmatic cues for detecting and evaluating intentionalities in prose. Three cross-disciplinary strategies emerge to enhance perceptual and close readings of fictional texts: 1) awareness of priming effects in form and content; 2) identification of markedness patterns; and 3) perception of tensible connections in prosaic language and artistic devices., The study concludes that: reading in tensible awareness of author intentionality adds productively to critical analysis and argument; acknowledging positioned voices in texts supports ethical criticism and multicultural aesthetics; reading to apprehend perceptual units (image structures sensed through story) supports and contextualizes close reading of propositional units(discourse/language) . The formal element of perspective emerges as the most intensive locus of the reader's sense of integrated consciousness and management of effect in fiction. Perspective can create the most ergative construction of authorial perspective, i.e., one in which transitive energy appears equalized and the subject and patient / writer and reader positions in syntax can pivot.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/165946
Subject Headings
Intentionality (Philosophy), Philosophy of mind, Attribution (Social psychology), Reportage literature (Authorship), Creative writing, Methodology
Format
Document (PDF)
Interpretation of forced and unforced choice behavior
Title
Interpretation of forced and unforced choice behavior.
Creator
Vail, Brian., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The current study investigated the interpretation of an agent's actions under the influence of external forces. Participants viewed a series of videos of an agent making a varying series of decisions and forced behaviors and were asked to predict future behavior. Firstly, we found evidence that suggests that perceivers make inferences about an agent that once they have shown a preference toward an object, they will persist with those initial desires, despite, external forces leading them to a...
Show moreThe current study investigated the interpretation of an agent's actions under the influence of external forces. Participants viewed a series of videos of an agent making a varying series of decisions and forced behaviors and were asked to predict future behavior. Firstly, we found evidence that suggests that perceivers make inferences about an agent that once they have shown a preference toward an object, they will persist with those initial desires, despite, external forces leading them to a different object. Secondly, we found evidence that suggests that submitting to a coerced choice will be perceived as reflecting a conflicting combination of pragmatic behavioral choice (due to concession to external forces) and maintenance of original desires, or, simply put, perceivers infer multiple underlying intentions in others.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/3352877
Subject Headings
Free will and determination, Identity (Psychology), Self (Philosophy), Intentionality (Philosophy), Decision making, Psychological aspects, Philosophy of mind
Format
Document (PDF)