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Dynamical perception: Modeling framework, model and experiment
Title
Dynamical perception: Modeling framework, model and experiment.
Creator
Almonte, Felix, Florida Atlantic University, Jirsa, Viktor K.
Abstract/Description
Can a distributed anatomical and functional architecture serve as the basis for sufficiently complex perceptual phenomena? In addressing this question, the conceptual notion of dynamical system and its relation to other paradigms is considered including its definition. The principal goal is to develop a dynamical framework on which to ground the theoretical study of perception and other physical phenomena. As an entry point, the perceptual dynamics of auditory streaming are modeled using a...
Show moreCan a distributed anatomical and functional architecture serve as the basis for sufficiently complex perceptual phenomena? In addressing this question, the conceptual notion of dynamical system and its relation to other paradigms is considered including its definition. The principal goal is to develop a dynamical framework on which to ground the theoretical study of perception and other physical phenomena. As an entry point, the perceptual dynamics of auditory streaming are modeled using a neurally inspired dynamical model of auditory processing. Traditional approaches view streaming as a competition of streams, realized within a tonotopically organized neural network. In contrast, streaming can be viewed as a dynamic integration process involving locations (information convergence zones) other than the sensory specific neural subsystems. This process finds its realization in the synchronization of neural ensembles. Consequently, the model employs two interacting dynamical systems. The first system responds to incoming acoustic stimuli and transforms them into a spatiotemporal neural field dynamics. The second system is a classification system coupled to the neural field and evolves to a stationary state in the absence of input. The states of the classification system at any time t are identified with a single perceptual stream or multiple streams. Several results in human perception are modeled including temporal coherence and fission boundaries (van Noorden, 1975), and crossing of motions (Bregman, 1990). The model predicts phenomena such as the existence of two streams with the same pitch. So far, this has not been explained by the traditional stream competition models. A psychophysical study provides proof of existence of this phenomenon. Using set theoretical expressions on fMRI data, evidence was found showing that the percept of auditory streaming involves regions (convergence zones) other than just the primary auditory areas. This is a necessary condition for the existence of the network architecture proposed in the auditory streaming model. Networks specific and common to both amplitude and frequency streaming were identified. This lends support to models of perception conceived as interacting neural subnetworks acting as functional differentiation areas and information convergence zones for the classification of the perceptual world as suggested by the introductory question.
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Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12201
Subject Headings
Human information processing, Perception, Cognition--Research--Methodology, Neurolinguistics
Format
Document (PDF)
Mental Representation of Near Vs. Distant Social Roles
Title
Mental Representation of Near Vs. Distant Social Roles.
Creator
Goldsztajn, David, Sagristano, Michael D., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Three studies explored how psychological distance from social roles can affect information processing. Based on Construal Level Theory (CLT; Trope & Liberman 2003; Liberman & Trope 1998) we believe that a greater psychological distance from a role will cause individuals to process information of this distant role on a higher cognitive level than a psychologically active role. Three studies were designed to examine the effect of social distance on complexity of preferences (Study 1 & 3), level...
Show moreThree studies explored how psychological distance from social roles can affect information processing. Based on Construal Level Theory (CLT; Trope & Liberman 2003; Liberman & Trope 1998) we believe that a greater psychological distance from a role will cause individuals to process information of this distant role on a higher cognitive level than a psychologically active role. Three studies were designed to examine the effect of social distance on complexity of preferences (Study 1 & 3), level of linguistic categorization (Study 2), the breadth of object categories, prototypicality of anticipated activities, and coping experiences (Study 3). The results provided no support to extend the basic principle of psychological distance of CL T to a related social distance dimension.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000762
Subject Headings
Social psychology, Communication--Social aspects, Human behavior--Research, Human information processing--Social aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
influence of motion type on memory of simple events
Title
The influence of motion type on memory of simple events.
Creator
Berger, Johanna D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This experiment investigated an individual's memory of specific motion events, unique actor, intrinsic motion, and extrinsic motion combination. Intrinsic motions involve the movement of an individual's body parts in a specific manner to move around, while extrinsic motions specify a path in reference to an external object. Participants viewed video clips, each depicting an actor performing a unique extrinsic and intrinsic motion combination. One week later, they viewed a different series of...
Show moreThis experiment investigated an individual's memory of specific motion events, unique actor, intrinsic motion, and extrinsic motion combination. Intrinsic motions involve the movement of an individual's body parts in a specific manner to move around, while extrinsic motions specify a path in reference to an external object. Participants viewed video clips, each depicting an actor performing a unique extrinsic and intrinsic motion combination. One week later, they viewed a different series of retrieval video clips consisting of old (identical to encoding), extrinsic conjunction (extrinsic motion previously performed by different actor), intrinsic conjunction (intrinsic motion previously performed by different actor), and new (novel extrinsic or intrinsic motion) video clips. Participants responded "yes" to viewing the old video clips the most often, followed by conjunction video clips, and then new video clips. Furthermore, there were a greater number of "yes" event memory recognition responses for extrinsic conjunction items than intrinsic conjunction items.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186673
Subject Headings
Recollection (Psychology), Context effects (Psychology), Memory, Research, Human information processing, Research, Transference (Psychology), Motion segmentation
Format
Document (PDF)
Product placement within violent media
Title
Product placement within violent media: investigating the role of emotion on product memory.
Creator
Berger, Johanna D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Despite extensive research into memory and violence, relatively little is known about the relationship between violent media and memory of advertised products. Research has yielded contradictory evidence ; some scholars have found a negative relationship, others a nonexistent one... This research investigated the role of emotion in the relationship between violent media and product placement memory. This study creates insight into inconclusive previous findings by providing evidence that...
Show moreDespite extensive research into memory and violence, relatively little is known about the relationship between violent media and memory of advertised products. Research has yielded contradictory evidence ; some scholars have found a negative relationship, others a nonexistent one... This research investigated the role of emotion in the relationship between violent media and product placement memory. This study creates insight into inconclusive previous findings by providing evidence that violence influences product memory. Specifically, participants were significantly worse at remembering products placed within violent clips (e.g., free recall, cued recall, recognition. Participants' emotional responses to the violent clips also appeared to influence their memory for embedded products ; product recognition was significantly correlated with disgust, avoidance, and interest ratings.... Interestingly, stronger negative responses to the violent clips were correlated with decreased preference for the embedded products. Furthermore, the pattern of differences for product preference between target and non-target violent products varied according to negative emotional reaction. Therefore, this dissertation provides insight into the role emotion plays in the relationship between viewing violent media and product placement memory.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358283
Subject Headings
Mass media, Marketing, Advertising, Psychological aspects, Persuasion (Psychology), Product placement in mass media, Violence in mass media, Psychological aspects, Human information processing, Research
Format
Document (PDF)
Role of Cues in Buyers' Evaluations of Service Innovations
Title
The Role of Cues in Buyers' Evaluations of Service Innovations.
Creator
Ramesan, Jayendra, Florida Atlantic University, Georgoff, David M.
Abstract/Description
This dissertation integrates knowledge from consumer behavior, diffusion research, strategy and MIS to investigate the effects of information cues such as price, brand equity, and technology on buyers' service evaluations and behavioral intentions. Specifically, the effects of these information cues on buyers' perceptions of service quality, value and purchase intentions are examined. In addition, this study examines the role of two intervening variables, namely, sacrifice (monetary costs)...
Show moreThis dissertation integrates knowledge from consumer behavior, diffusion research, strategy and MIS to investigate the effects of information cues such as price, brand equity, and technology on buyers' service evaluations and behavioral intentions. Specifically, the effects of these information cues on buyers' perceptions of service quality, value and purchase intentions are examined. In addition, this study examines the role of two intervening variables, namely, sacrifice (monetary costs) and ease of use (non-monetary costs) in buyers' service evaluations. Two interactive services, a home banking service (Citibank & Ameritech) and a home shopping service (Time Warner) were described in a concept test format to subjects in a 4 x 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design experiment. The sample for the home banking service (281) was composed of undergraduate students drawn from the university while the sample for the home shopping service (409), was composed of individuals living in the South Florida area. The experimental treatments, manipulation checks, dependent and intervening variables were measured using multiple-item seven point Likert-type scales. The data was analyzed using econometric modeling techniques. In both experiments, service quality perceptions were found to be significantly influenced by technology and brand equity perceptions. Brand equity was the main determinant of service quality in both experiments. Service value perceptions were driven by direct effects from service quality, sacrifice and ease of use and indirectly driven by technology and price perceptions. The role of brand equity in value perceptions is ambiguous. Sacrifice was related positively to price perceptions in both studies. Purchase intentions were explained only by value perceptions in both studies. The results suggest that service quality and service value are very different. The value function is more complex than service quality. Service organizations that attempt to create customer value by maximizing service quality ratings at the lowest price need to emphasize other value based determinants such as technology and ease of use. The model suggests a crossfunctional approach should be employed for service design and development in order to maximize service quality and customer value. In addition, this study recommends a substantive pre-launch service concept development and delivery effort by service organizations before introducing new services.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12452
Subject Headings
Human Information Processing--Research, Consumer Satisfaction--Evaluation, Marketing--Management, Quality of Products--Evaluation, Technological innovations, Customer services--Quality control
Format
Document (PDF)
Of Mice, Men and Memories: The Role of the Rodent Hippocampus in Object Recognition
Title
Of Mice, Men and Memories: The Role of the Rodent Hippocampus in Object Recognition.
Creator
Cohen, Sarah J., Stackman, Robert W., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
Establishing appropriate animal models for the study of human memory is paramount to the development of memory disorder treatments. Damage to the hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain structure, has been implicated in the memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In humans, the role of the hippocampus is largely defined; yet, its role in rodents is much less clear due to conflicting findings. To investigate these discrepancies, an extensive review of the rodent...
Show moreEstablishing appropriate animal models for the study of human memory is paramount to the development of memory disorder treatments. Damage to the hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain structure, has been implicated in the memory loss associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In humans, the role of the hippocampus is largely defined; yet, its role in rodents is much less clear due to conflicting findings. To investigate these discrepancies, an extensive review of the rodent literature was conducted, with a focus on studies that used the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) paradigm for testing. The total amount of time the objects were explored during training and the delay imposed between training and testing seemed to determine hippocampal recruitment in rodents. Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with bilateral dorsal CA1 guide cannulae to allow for the inactivation of the hippocampus at discrete time points in the task. The results suggest that the rodent hippocampus is crucial to the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of object memory. Next, it was determined that there is a delay-dependent involvement of the hippocampus in object memory, implying that other structures may be supporting the memory prior to the recruitment of hippocampus. In addition, when the context memory and object memory could be further dissociated, by altering the task design, the results imply a necessary role for the hippocampus in the object memory, irrespective of context. Also, making the task more perceptually demanding, by requiring the mice to perform a two-dimensional to three-dimensional association between stimuli, engaged the hippocampus. Then, in the traditional NOR task, long and short training exploration times were imposed to determine brain region activity for weak and strong object memory. The inactivation and immunohistochemistry findings imply weak object memory is perirhinal cortex dependent, while strong object memory is hippocampal-dependent. Taken together, the findings suggest that mice, like humans, process object memory on a continuum from weak to strong, recruiting the hippocampus conditionally for strong familiarity. Confirming this functional similarity between the rodent and human object memory systems could be beneficial for future studies investigating memory disorders.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004580
Subject Headings
Memory--Research., Mice as laboratory animals., Hippocampus (Brain)--Physiology., Episodic memory., Neurotransmitter receptors., Cellular control mechanisms., Cellular signal transduction., Human information processing.
Format
Document (PDF)