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Sex ratio and crime: A cross-cultural investigation
Title
Sex ratio and crime: A cross-cultural investigation.
Creator
Hitchell, Amanda R., Florida Atlantic University, Shackelford, Todd K.
Abstract/Description
When one sex outnumbers the other in a society, what are the social consequences? Sex ratio, or the number of men per 100 women in a society, may affect many aspects of society such as crime rates. It was predicted that in countries with higher sex ratios, crime rates would be higher than in countries with lower sex ratios. It was also predicted that in countries with higher sex ratios, homicide and rape rates would be higher than in countries with lower sex ratios. Additionally, it was...
Show moreWhen one sex outnumbers the other in a society, what are the social consequences? Sex ratio, or the number of men per 100 women in a society, may affect many aspects of society such as crime rates. It was predicted that in countries with higher sex ratios, crime rates would be higher than in countries with lower sex ratios. It was also predicted that in countries with higher sex ratios, homicide and rape rates would be higher than in countries with lower sex ratios. Additionally, it was predicted that in countries with lower sex ratios, the incidence of female offending would be higher than in countries with higher sex ratios. Adult sex ratios and crime statistics were collected for 154 countries and for each of eight years. The prediction that crime rates would be higher in countries with higher sex ratios was partially supported by the data, as was the prediction that rape rates would be higher in countries with higher sex ratios. The prediction that homicide rates would be higher in countries with higher sex ratios was contradicted by the data, and mixed results were found for the prediction that the incidence of female offending would be higher in countries with lower sex ratios. Limitations are discussed, as are possible directions for future research.
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Date Issued
2004
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13192
Subject Headings
Family violence--Cross-cultural studies, Sex ratio--Research, Sex and law--Cross-cultural studies, Female offenders
Format
Document (PDF)
Gender Disparity: A view of Florida’s Correction System
Title
Gender Disparity: A view of Florida’s Correction System.
Creator
Kutikoff, Adam, Hauser, William, Florida Atlantic University, College for Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
Disparity in sentence length has long been a topic of discussion (Spohn, 2009). Though most research is aimed at disparity due to race, few studies utilize sex as a focal point (Crow & Kunselman, 2009; Embry & Lyons, 2012; Gavin, 2014; Hartley, Kwak, Park & Min-Sik Lee, 2011; Hasset-Walker, Lateano, Di Benedetto, 2014; Messing, 2008; Steffensmeier, Ulmer & Kramer, 1998). The focus of this study is to examine the effect of sex on sentence length, controlling for characteristics derived from...
Show moreDisparity in sentence length has long been a topic of discussion (Spohn, 2009). Though most research is aimed at disparity due to race, few studies utilize sex as a focal point (Crow & Kunselman, 2009; Embry & Lyons, 2012; Gavin, 2014; Hartley, Kwak, Park & Min-Sik Lee, 2011; Hasset-Walker, Lateano, Di Benedetto, 2014; Messing, 2008; Steffensmeier, Ulmer & Kramer, 1998). The focus of this study is to examine the effect of sex on sentence length, controlling for characteristics derived from the evil woman hypothesis, chivalry hypothesis, and focal concerns theory, to discuss the potential paternalism of the criminal justice system, which may cause potential sentence disparities (Daly, 1989; Nagel & Hagen, 1983; Steffensmeir, Ulmer, & Kramer, 1998). The findings indicate that women always receive a reduced sentence compared to male offenders, regardless of the crime type of past criminal offenses. The statistically significant results indicate that there is a need to review the criminal justice system and implement new polices such as judicial review to help stymie the differing sentences given (Spohn, 2009). If not, offenders will continue to receive differing sentences, based solely on extra-legal factors, such as the sex of the offender.
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Date Issued
2017
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004818, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004818
Subject Headings
Florida.--Department of Corrections--Evaluation., Female offenders--Florida--Social conditions., Corrections--Florida--Evaluation., Criminal justice, Administration of--Florida--Evaluatioin., Sentences (Criminal procedure)--Florida., Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration--Florida., Prison sentences--Florida.
Format
Document (PDF)