Current Search:  Eyewitness identification (x)

View All Items

  • CSV Spreadsheet
(1 - 8 of 8)
bizarreness effect and memory
Title
The bizarreness effect and memory: implications for eyewitness testimony.
Creator
Wiseman, Jennifer., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
Mistakes in combining components of stimuli are called binding or memory conjunction errors. They occur when people mistakenly associate two previously seen stimulus features that were not previously seen together. It is hypothesized that bizarre items will be better remembered than common items. Participants saw 18 continuous events, each containing four actions performed by four different actors. One week later they returned for a recognition test and were shown more video clips. There were...
Show moreMistakes in combining components of stimuli are called binding or memory conjunction errors. They occur when people mistakenly associate two previously seen stimulus features that were not previously seen together. It is hypothesized that bizarre items will be better remembered than common items. Participants saw 18 continuous events, each containing four actions performed by four different actors. One week later they returned for a recognition test and were shown more video clips. There were old, new action, and conjunction items. A conjunction item was composed of a familiar actor performing a familiar action that had previously been performed by someone else. For each clip, participants were asked if they saw this person perform this action before. Participants responded "yes" to conjunction same context items more often than they did to conjunction different context items.
Show less
Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77698
Subject Headings
Eyewitness identification, Context effects (Psychology), Memory
Format
Document (PDF)
Child eyewitness testimony: The search for truth and justice in the American way
Title
Child eyewitness testimony: The search for truth and justice in the American way.
Creator
Cassel, William Steven, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F.
Abstract/Description
Subjects in kindergarten, grade 2, and college were shown a videotape of a bicycle theft followed by a one month longitudinal study simulating the witness's experience during the pretrial phase of a criminal prosecutorial workup. Subjects were asked for free recall as well as for responses to nonleading and correct or incorrectly leading questions. Accuracy of free recall was high for all ages. Younger children were more susceptible to suggestive leading questions and adults were found to...
Show moreSubjects in kindergarten, grade 2, and college were shown a videotape of a bicycle theft followed by a one month longitudinal study simulating the witness's experience during the pretrial phase of a criminal prosecutorial workup. Subjects were asked for free recall as well as for responses to nonleading and correct or incorrectly leading questions. Accuracy of free recall was high for all ages. Younger children were more susceptible to suggestive leading questions and adults were found to reject many of the "correctly" leading questions. Differences were found between answers to central and peripheral items and subjects were found to change their answers within the same interview in relation to age of the witness and centrality of the question.
Show less
Date Issued
1991
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14734
Subject Headings
Child witnesses, Memory in children, Eyewitness identification
Format
Document (PDF)
Is age really just a number? Neuropsychological predictors of eyewitness memory errors
Title
Is age really just a number? Neuropsychological predictors of eyewitness memory errors.
Creator
Tsikis, Tina, Earles, Julie, Kersten, Alan
Date Issued
2012-04-06
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3349047
Subject Headings
Memory, Eyewitness identification, Forensic psychology, False memories, Recollection research, Eyewitness memory, Neuropsychology
Format
Document (PDF)
Age differences in binding actors and their actions in memory: Implications for eyewitness memory
Title
Age differences in binding actors and their actions in memory: Implications for eyewitness memory.
Creator
Curtayne, Eileen, Florida Atlantic University, Kersten, Alan
Abstract/Description
Everyday individuals experience problems in accurately remembering who did what in an event. In order to have an accurate memory for an event of this type, an individual needs to remember the person who performed the action, the action itself, and the pairing of these two pieces of information. If these pieces of information are not bound together correctly, the end result is an inaccurate memory for an event. This study examined the ability of young and older adults to bind people and their...
Show moreEveryday individuals experience problems in accurately remembering who did what in an event. In order to have an accurate memory for an event of this type, an individual needs to remember the person who performed the action, the action itself, and the pairing of these two pieces of information. If these pieces of information are not bound together correctly, the end result is an inaccurate memory for an event. This study examined the ability of young and older adults to bind people and their actions together in memory. Though both age groups were more likely to falsely recognize novel combinations of familiar actors and actions than they were to falsely recognize novel actions, the older participants were even more likely to falsely recognize these novel combinations. The misbinding of actors and actions may thus contribute to the problem of mistaken eyewitness identification.
Show less
Date Issued
2003
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13012
Subject Headings
Eyewitness identification, Memory in old age, Memory--Age factors
Format
Document (PDF)
Binding Errors and their Relationship to Object-Present and Object-Absent Motion Events
Title
Binding Errors and their Relationship to Object-Present and Object-Absent Motion Events.
Creator
Pacific, Justin Brooks, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
The current study sought to examine further the concept of eyewitness memory for events. Specifically, using filmed events that were performed with objects and events performed without objects, we explored the potential interaction of the object cue and binding or conjunction errors. This specific memory error involves improperly pairing two or more feature memories together in the long-term store. In our study, these features were the action and the actress performing the action. Our study...
Show moreThe current study sought to examine further the concept of eyewitness memory for events. Specifically, using filmed events that were performed with objects and events performed without objects, we explored the potential interaction of the object cue and binding or conjunction errors. This specific memory error involves improperly pairing two or more feature memories together in the long-term store. In our study, these features were the action and the actress performing the action. Our study involved 51 participants. Participants were shown target events in Week 1 and asked to retrieve the target events from a larger group of events in Week 2. While findings did not show the expected interaction of conjunction events to object presence or absence, objects without an object showed a significantly higher acceptance rate. A secondary analysis revealed an interaction effect between head-focus and recognition item type, meaning participants did view events without an object differently from objects with an object.
Show less
Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000804
Subject Headings
Context effects (Psychology), Eyewitness identification, Recollection (Psychology), Visual perception
Format
Document (PDF)
Memory Narrowing and Thematic Arousal: The Effect of Negative Emotion on Memory for Event Details
Title
Memory Narrowing and Thematic Arousal: The Effect of Negative Emotion on Memory for Event Details.
Creator
Curtayne, Eileen, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Laney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found...
Show moreLaney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found evidence that negative arousal improves memory for all categories of details. The current study tested Laney et al. 's theory that a visually arousing stimulus, rather than negative arousal, is responsible for memory nan·owing as well as their position that negative arousal benefits recall of both central and peripheral information. Support was found for both assertions of Laney et al. The presence of a visually salient and emotionally provoking detail produced an effect similar to the traditional memory narrowing pattem and exposure to the negative thematic climax resulted in improved memory performance for all the detail categories. However, this latter effect was observed only for the female participants. No evidence was found to support the Easterbrook hypothesis.
Show less
Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000850
Subject Headings
Eyewitness identification--Psychological aspects, Memory--Research, Cognitive neuroscience
Format
Document (PDF)
Own-age bias and memory for events
Title
Own-age bias and memory for events.
Creator
Boutté, Danielle L., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
Event memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown...
Show moreEvent memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown that older adults are more likely to make these errors. This study aims to look more closely at the effects of own-age bias on face recognition and conjunction errors made in memory for events. Younger adults were tested on their memory for both younger and older adults seen performing simple actions in video clips as well as in "mug shot" photograph tests.
Show less
Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77658
Subject Headings
Transference (Psychology), Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Face perception, Eyewitness identification, Age factors
Format
Document (PDF)
Is age really just a number?
Title
Is age really just a number?: neuropsychological predictors of eyewitness memory errors.
Creator
Tsikis, Tina, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
Two separate groups of young and middle-aged adults watched videos of events being performed by a number of different college-aged females. Both the young goup of adults and the middle-aged group of adults were later tested on their memory for both the individual features of these events (i.e., actors and actions), and for conjunctions of features (i.e., which actor performed which action) in order to determine how likely they were to remember which actors performed which actions. Our results...
Show moreTwo separate groups of young and middle-aged adults watched videos of events being performed by a number of different college-aged females. Both the young goup of adults and the middle-aged group of adults were later tested on their memory for both the individual features of these events (i.e., actors and actions), and for conjunctions of features (i.e., which actor performed which action) in order to determine how likely they were to remember which actors performed which actions. Our results showed that frontal lobe functioning is not affected with age. However, there is a slight decrease in medial temporal functioning that continues on throughout life. There was a main effect of Question, Item Type, and Age Group explained through a three-way ANOVA. Binding errors increase with age because specific areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, deteriorate with age.
Show less
Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359329, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT3359329
Subject Headings
Aging, Psychological aspects, Memory, Age factors, Eyewitness identification, Age factors, Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Transference (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)