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Title: RELATIONAL TRAINING ON A DIMENSION AND ITS EFFECT ON TRANSPOSITION BEHAVIOR ON AN ORTHOGONAL DIMENSION.
Creator: POMEROY, MICHAEL LEE., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: An attempt was made to investigate the abstract concept of relation. It was hypothesized that the learning of the relational concept independent of particular stimuli or dimensions is possible even in nonverbal animals. One group of rats was trained on a discrimination that could only be solved with relational learning; a second group of rats was trained on a discrimination that could be solved only with absolute learning. Both groups were then trained on a discrimination that could be...
Show moreAn attempt was made to investigate the abstract concept of relation. It was hypothesized that the learning of the relational concept independent of particular stimuli or dimensions is possible even in nonverbal animals. One group of rats was trained on a discrimination that could only be solved with relational learning; a second group of rats was trained on a discrimination that could be solved only with absolute learning. Both groups were then trained on a discrimination that could be learned in either a relational or absolute manner, and transposition testing was done to determine the method utilized. Results indicated animals with original relational learning solved the second discrimination relationally; animal s with original specific learning solved the second discrimination in an absolute manner.
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Date Issued: 1974
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13671
Subject Headings: Relationism, Discrimination learning
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: TRANSPOSITION: A FURTHER TEST OF ABSOLUTE VERSUS RELATIONAL PREDICTIONS.
Creator: BIZAILLON, PAUL DUNN., Florida Atlantic University, Adamson, Robert E.
Abstract/Description: An attempt was made to investigate the intradimensional transfer of a simultaneously presented, double brightness discrimination in male hooded rats. It was hypothesized that in a paradigm designed to emphasize interstimulus cues over individual stimulus cues, subjects would exhibit transposition in testing, even when this involved approaching a previously negative stimulus, and avoiding a previously positive stimulus, under extinction conditions. Results of two tests (with a partial...
Show moreAn attempt was made to investigate the intradimensional transfer of a simultaneously presented, double brightness discrimination in male hooded rats. It was hypothesized that in a paradigm designed to emphasize interstimulus cues over individual stimulus cues, subjects would exhibit transposition in testing, even when this involved approaching a previously negative stimulus, and avoiding a previously positive stimulus, under extinction conditions. Results of two tests (with a partial reinforcement retraining session between them) indicated significant transposition on all measures except trial of first choice on Test I for the group trained to approach the brighter stimulus in any pair presented. Results were interpreted as being in support of relational theory which stresses the importance of dimensional salience in the establishment of relational responding.
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Date Issued: 1975
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13749
Subject Headings: Brightness perception, Discrimination learning
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The Effect of the Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) on the Subsequent Acquisition of a Temporal Discrimination.
Creator: McNeely, Joseph J., Otten, Cynthia S., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Twenty 100 day old male rats were trained to behavioral criterion in a CER paradigm. Two shock levels (.1 and .2 ma) were employed to establish these criteria. Half of the Ss reached medium suppression (suppression ratios between .39 and .11) of a bar pressing response; half achieved high suppression (suppression ratios less than .10). The animals were subsequently exposed to 15 daily sessions of FI training utilizing a head, panel pressing response for food. Five of the medium suppression...
Show moreTwenty 100 day old male rats were trained to behavioral criterion in a CER paradigm. Two shock levels (.1 and .2 ma) were employed to establish these criteria. Half of the Ss reached medium suppression (suppression ratios between .39 and .11) of a bar pressing response; half achieved high suppression (suppression ratios less than .10). The animals were subsequently exposed to 15 daily sessions of FI training utilizing a head, panel pressing response for food. Five of the medium suppression group and five of the high suppression group were exposed to the conditioned suppression CS (a light) during the FI acquisition periods . The remaining rats underwent FI training in the absence of the CS. An Index of Curvature was employed to measure each FI period record and to indicate the degree of acquisition of FI scalloping. Analysis of variance for the four groups revealed only the progression over days to be a significant source of variation. Analysis of linear trend indicated a strong linearity in the variance over 15 days for all groups, but revealed no clear differences between the groups. Some tendencies indicate a slight superiority in acquisition by the medium suppression group which was exposed to the CS during FI training. The high suppression group which was exposed to the light was noticeably inferior in FI discrimination. These results possibly demonstrate an "arousal- interference" mechanism for the CER, but the data do not support the conclusion that the conditioned suppression signal (CS) has a differential effect on subsequent acquisition of an unrelated temporal discrimination. A history of shook treatment, or of CER training, may be responsible, however, for the overall poor acquisition of FI scalloping that was demonstrated by all four groups in this study.
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Date Issued: 1969
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000799
Subject Headings: Emotional conditioning, Discrimination learning, Learning, Psychology of
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition.
Creator: Royal, Jackson W., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Ten male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing...
Show moreTen male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing for transposttlon wtth non-reinforced trials, contrary to the usual method, a tendency toward converging measures of transposltton was achteved. Transposition for Group 8-D, In the situation most dissimilar to training, was greater than for 8-C. These results were discussed from relational or Gestalt, Spence model, and Adaptation Level positions and It was shown that the results are contrary to traditional Gestalt predictions. It was oredlcted that, according to underlying assumptions of the Spence model, with continued non-reinforced trials, per cent of transposition for both groups would decrease until a chance level of responding was reached. That this did not occur cannot be explained by the Spence model. Because the variability was too great with such a small N, these results did not reach the .05 level of probability.
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Date Issued: 1968
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012596
Subject Headings: Transfer of training, Discrimination learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CONTRAST EFFECTS IN THE ACQUISITION OF A BRIGHTNESS DISCRIMINATION.
Creator: MOORE, JOHN NICHOLAS, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: An attempt was made to determine the effects of successive shifts in the quality of a reinforcing agent upon the acquisition of a brightness discrimination. Two levels of sucrose concentration (4 and 32%) were combined factorially during preadaptation and discrimination phases. Dependent measures included response rate and the number of errors made during discrimination acquisition. Results indicated non-significant negative contrast effects in errors and, in addition, negative contrast and...
Show moreAn attempt was made to determine the effects of successive shifts in the quality of a reinforcing agent upon the acquisition of a brightness discrimination. Two levels of sucrose concentration (4 and 32%) were combined factorially during preadaptation and discrimination phases. Dependent measures included response rate and the number of errors made during discrimination acquisition. Results indicated non-significant negative contrast effects in errors and, in addition, negative contrast and amount of reward effects in terms of response rate. It was hypothesized that the absence of amount of reward effects in errors and positive contrast in both dependent measures was a function of a partial between groups design and ceiling effects respectively.
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Date Issued: 1974
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13669
Subject Headings: Discrimination learning, Brightness perception, Reward (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES OF TWO PROCEDURES FOR THE EXTINCTION OF DISCRIMINATED AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING.
Creator: JACKSON, MASON CALVIN, JR., Florida Atlantic University, Otten, Cynthia S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Eighteen rats were used to study two procedures for the extinction of discriminated avoidance. One group (OE) was placed on extinction defined by presenting shocks as programmed but independently of the S's responses, while the other group (CE) was placed on classical extinction defined by the removal of all shocks. The two procedures were compared in terms of rate of decline and terminal level of extinction performance. In addition, the two groups were placed on a discrimination reversal...
Show moreEighteen rats were used to study two procedures for the extinction of discriminated avoidance. One group (OE) was placed on extinction defined by presenting shocks as programmed but independently of the S's responses, while the other group (CE) was placed on classical extinction defined by the removal of all shocks. The two procedures were compared in terms of rate of decline and terminal level of extinction performance. In addition, the two groups were placed on a discrimination reversal task in order to assess each procedure's effects on a new learning problem. The CE group reached a lower level of extinction performance in a fewer number of blocks than the OE Ss. Furthermore, the CE Ss were inferior to the OE Ss in terms of discrimination reversal performance as well. An interpretation of the results in terms of the removal and reinstatement of cues was offered although an alternative explanation relating to a change in the motivational states of the two groups during extinction was also presented. The interpretation in terms of the presence or absence of cues seemed to account for more of the present findings than the traditional one advocating changes in motivational levels resulting from the two divergent extinction operations.
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Date Issued: 1971
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13433
Subject Headings: Extinction (Psychology), Discrimination learning, Avoidance (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE "OBLIQUE EFFECT" IN THE SPATIAL REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN FOR THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLANE.
Creator: HILTON, THOMAS FREDERICK, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: The effect of stimulus plane orientation (horizontal vs vertical) on mirror-image oblique discrimination was investigated for children 5 to 8 years of age. A significant difference in learning rate favoring the vertical plane presentation was obtained. Tracing the stimuli had no effect on learning rate in either the horizontal or vertical plane. The results were explained in terms of egocentricity in the child's representation of spatial relations.
Date Issued: 1976
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13827
Subject Headings: Orientation (Psychology), Discrimination learning, Mirror images, Space perception in children
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE RELATIVE DISCRIMINATIVE ROLE OF SHOCK AND RESPONSE CONTINGENT FEEDBACK ON THE MAINTENANCE OF TWO WAY AVOIDANCE.
Creator: SCHONFELD, LAWRENCE IRA., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Twenty-four rats were trained to avoid shock in a shuttlebox, receiving feedback for a correct response. During extinction, matched pairs were tested under response contingent or response independent feedback, with either shock or no shock. The combination of response contingent feedback and no shock led to the greatest resistance to extinction. No other significant differences were found. The results were used to support the discrimination hypothesis, and concurred with other studies with...
Show moreTwenty-four rats were trained to avoid shock in a shuttlebox, receiving feedback for a correct response. During extinction, matched pairs were tested under response contingent or response independent feedback, with either shock or no shock. The combination of response contingent feedback and no shock led to the greatest resistance to extinction. No other significant differences were found. The results were used to support the discrimination hypothesis, and concurred with other studies with regard to: (1) the functional similarity of feedback and CS termination in the acquisition and maintenance of avoidance, and (2) the importance of the interaction of the response contingency with the avoidance contingency, in determining the effects on avoidance responding.
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Date Issued: 1975
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13714
Subject Headings: Avoidance (Psychology), Discrimination learning, Feedback (Psychology), Extinction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A critical theory analysis of the disproportionate representation of blacks and males participating in Florida's special education programs.
Creator: Allen, Anthony G., College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
Abstract/Description: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1975 has made a profound impact on millions of children with disabilities who now enjoy their right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). It is the goal of national policy, endorsed by Congress, to ensure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities. With the enactment of IDEA, it ensures that all children, who participate in special education...
Show moreThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1975 has made a profound impact on millions of children with disabilities who now enjoy their right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). It is the goal of national policy, endorsed by Congress, to ensure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities. With the enactment of IDEA, it ensures that all children, who participate in special education programs, have equal access to education. However, since IDEA's inception, a disproportionate number of African Americans children have been placed, or rather, misplaced in special education programs. African American students are three times more likely than Whites to be placed into categories as needing services in special education programs, making them subject to less demanding schoolwork, to more restrictive classrooms, and to isolation from their peers. For the purpose of this study, the goals were (a) to determine if there is disproportional representation of Black students and male students in the three categories of Educable Mentally Handicapped, Emotionally Handicapped, and Specific Learning Disabled and (b) to address whether the factors school districts' socioeconomic status, minority rate, and racial composition of instructional and administrative staff predict the representation of Black students and male students who participate in special education programs. A quantitative method, including the three disproportionality calculation methods of Composition Index (CI), Risk Index (RI), and Odds Ratio (OR), was employed to respond to the six research questions and test six corresponding null hypotheses. Sixty-seven school districts in the State of Florida were identified for data collection and analysis., The enrollment data for the calculations covered AY 2005- 2009. Critical Race Theory (CRT) served as the lens through which to analyze the findings and discus the implications therein. It is clear that the problem of disproportionate representation is complex and the resolution to the problem is not an easy one. This study found that there was a relationship between the representation of Black students and male students in special education programs and the predictor variables. Statistical analyses revealed that socioeconomic status of the school district, minority rate, and racial composition of instructional and administrative staff predicted the disproportional representation. Critical Race Theory, which served as a methodological framework was employed to help in examining and challenging the manner in which race and racism clearly impacts practices and procedures in the special education referral process. CRT utilized the social construction of race and the role it plays in the education policies that affect minorities. As with any intellectual movement, CRT builds its scholarship upon certain theoretical pillars. The basic tenets of CR T include ordinariness, interest convergence, social construction, differential racialization, and legal story telling. For the purpose of this research, only the tenets of ordinariness, interest convergence, social construction, and differential racialization were examined in the context of disproportionate representation of black students and male students in special education.
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Date Issued: 2010
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2867333
Subject Headings: Discrimination in educations, Racism in education, Education, Social aspects, Multicultural education, Learning disabled children, Identification
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Forest wetland response to nutrient enrichment on the Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation.
Creator: Jacobs, Alyssa B., Florida Atlantic University, Volin, John C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Abstract/Description: The Big Cypress Swamp and the Everglades of South Florida are inherently oligotrophic ecosystems that in recent decades have been subjected to increasing agricultural nutrient inputs. While extensive research regarding deleterious effects of nutrient impacts has been conducted in the phosphorus-deficient Everglades, there is a lack of research in Big Cypress Swamp. This 12-month field study assessed the responsiveness of Taxodium distichum, Fraxinus caroliniana, and herbaceous vegetation to...
Show moreThe Big Cypress Swamp and the Everglades of South Florida are inherently oligotrophic ecosystems that in recent decades have been subjected to increasing agricultural nutrient inputs. While extensive research regarding deleterious effects of nutrient impacts has been conducted in the phosphorus-deficient Everglades, there is a lack of research in Big Cypress Swamp. This 12-month field study assessed the responsiveness of Taxodium distichum, Fraxinus caroliniana, and herbaceous vegetation to increased nutrient levels in Big Cypress Swamp. Six nutrient treatments (Control, N, P, K, 2K, and PxK) were applied to the soil surrounding these trees. F. caroliniana had higher photosynthetic rates with 2K treatments and higher growth rates with PxK treatments. T. distichum had higher Leaf Area Index in the P and PxK treatment but did not exhibit other responses to treatment. Herbaceous vegetation showed little response to treatments. This study concluded that potassium may be co-limiting in this ecosystem.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13129
Subject Headings: Wetland ecology--Florida, Restoration ecology--Florida, Everglades (Fla ), Big Cypress Swamp (Fla ), Seminole Tribe of Florida, Discrimination learning
Format: Document (PDF)

Discrimination learning (9)	+ -
Extinction (Psychology) (3)	+ -
Avoidance (Psychology) (2)	+ -
Brightness perception (2)	+ -
Big Cypress Swamp (Fla ) (1)	+ -

Discrimination in educations (1)	+ -
Education (1)	+ -
Emotional conditioning (1)	+ -
Everglades (Fla ) (1)	+ -
Feedback (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Identification (1)	+ -
Learning disabled children (1)	+ -
Learning, Psychology of (1)	+ -
Mirror images (1)	+ -
Multicultural education (1)	+ -
Orientation (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Racism in education (1)	+ -
Relationism (1)	+ -
Restoration ecology--Florida (1)	+ -
Reward (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Seminole Tribe of Florida (1)	+ -
Social aspects (1)	+ -
Space perception in children (1)	+ -
Transfer of training (1)	+ -
Wetland ecology--Florida (1)	+ -

Florida (1)	+ -
Seminole Indians--Florida (1)	+ -

Florida Atlantic University (9)	+ -
Charles E. Schmidt College of Science (3)	+ -
Adamson, Robert E. (2)	+ -
Department of Psychology (2)	+ -
Otten, Cynthia S. (2)	+ -

Allen, Anthony G. (1)	+ -
BIZAILLON, PAUL DUNN. (1)	+ -
College of Education (1)	+ -
Department of Biological Sciences (1)	+ -
Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology (1)	+ -
HILTON, THOMAS FREDERICK (1)	+ -
JACKSON, MASON CALVIN, JR. (1)	+ -
Jacobs, Alyssa B. (1)	+ -
MOORE, JOHN NICHOLAS (1)	+ -
McNeely, Joseph J. (1)	+ -
POMEROY, MICHAEL LEE. (1)	+ -
Royal, Jackson W. (1)	+ -
SCHONFELD, LAWRENCE IRA. (1)	+ -
Volin, John C. (1)	+ -

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