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Title: DO FIRMS’ BANKRUPTCY ANNOUNCEMENTS ALTER PEERS’ RISK FACTOR DISCLOSURES?.
Creator: Nam, Jiwon, Kohlbeck, Mark, Florida Atlantic University, School of Accounting, College of Business
Abstract/Description: Since 2005 corporate managers must discuss their firm’s significant risk factors that may materially and unfavorably affect corporate outcomes in the Item 1A Risk Factor Disclosure (RFD) section of their 10-K filings. However, there is limited research on whether firms change the sentiment of their mandatory disclosures after a significant economic event. I use bankruptcy announcements as a unique setting in this study to assess non-announcing firms’ responses to these events as a bankruptcy...
Show moreSince 2005 corporate managers must discuss their firm’s significant risk factors that may materially and unfavorably affect corporate outcomes in the Item 1A Risk Factor Disclosure (RFD) section of their 10-K filings. However, there is limited research on whether firms change the sentiment of their mandatory disclosures after a significant economic event. I use bankruptcy announcements as a unique setting in this study to assess non-announcing firms’ responses to these events as a bankruptcy announcement generates significant concern to non-announcing industry peer firms. I explore whether industry peers change four measures of sentiment (i.e., length, negative tone, specificity, forward-looking statements) of Item 1A RFDs after a rival firm’s bankruptcy filing. Using textual analysis methodology, I find that industry peer firms have shorter, less negative, and less forward-looking RFDs after another firm’s bankruptcy announcement. These results imply that industry peers are likely to adjust their tone of mandatory filings (i.e., Item 1A RFDs) in response to a rival firm’s bankruptcy announcement. I further provide evidence that firms do not use separate subsections to disclose their firm- and industry-specific risks within their Item 1A RFDs. Lastly, the lengths of financial, litigation, other-idiosyncratic, and other-systematic topic disclosures significantly decrease for non-announcing industry peers while the length of tax relevant risk topic does not significantly change after a bankruptcy filing. This study adds to mandatory research by identifying the spillover effect of a bankruptcy announcement on Item 1A RFDs. This research also contributes to accounting literature by providing evidence that non-announcing industry peers significantly adjust the sentiment of their risk factor information. Market participants including investors, shareholders, and financial analysts can improve investment decision accuracy by analyzing the industry peers’ risk factor information.
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Date Issued: 2023
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014189
Subject Headings: Bankruptcy, Risk, Accounting, Disclosure in accounting
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A CASE STUDY OF LEAKAGES OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEGOTIATED FRINGE BENEFIT TRUST FUNDS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PLASTERING INDUSTRY.
Creator: ROSE, JAMES JOSEPH., Florida Atlantic University, Schuster, Fred E.
Abstract/Description: This study was prepared as the thesis required for the Master of Business Administration Degree. Very little has been written on the subject of delinquencies in the reporting of negotiated fringe benefit contributions. Methods employed in the research include: interviews, direct observation, questionnaires and research of records. Records of fringe benefit trusts of three inter-related crafts of the plastering industry (lathing, plastering and plaster tending) in Los Angeles and Orange...
Show moreThis study was prepared as the thesis required for the Master of Business Administration Degree. Very little has been written on the subject of delinquencies in the reporting of negotiated fringe benefit contributions. Methods employed in the research include: interviews, direct observation, questionnaires and research of records. Records of fringe benefit trusts of three inter-related crafts of the plastering industry (lathing, plastering and plaster tending) in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California, were examined. Comparative analyses of union membership, employment statistics, hours reported for fringe benefit trusts and actuarial assumptions were made. Arbitration and judicial decisions were cited. After extensive analysis it was determined that leakages of fringe benefit contributions have occurred in significant amounts.
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Date Issued: 1972
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13554
Subject Headings: Disclosure in accounting, Plastering--Industries
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CEO departure and discretionary accounting choices.
Creator: Mortimer, John William, Florida Atlantic University, Hopwood, William S.
Abstract/Description: Dechow and Sloan [1991] investigate the hypothesis that CEOs, during their final years of office (the "horizon" years), manage discretionary expenditures to improve short-term earnings performance. Using a sample of 261 firm-years, this study extends the Dechow and Sloan model by including additional control variables. It also examines whether the discretionary components of earnings (discretionary accruals, discretionary revenue, and capital expenditures) provide departing CEOs a monetary...
Show moreDechow and Sloan [1991] investigate the hypothesis that CEOs, during their final years of office (the "horizon" years), manage discretionary expenditures to improve short-term earnings performance. Using a sample of 261 firm-years, this study extends the Dechow and Sloan model by including additional control variables. It also examines whether the discretionary components of earnings (discretionary accruals, discretionary revenue, and capital expenditures) provide departing CEOs a monetary incentive (bonuses) to manipulate these income factors. The general results of this study do not support the hypothesis that departing CEOs have a greater monetary incentive than incumbent CEOs to manage discretionary earnings to maximize their bonus schemes. A possible reason this hypothesis is not supported may be due to the fact that previous research has treated incumbent and departing CEOs as separate, homogeneous samples a treatment that the extant income-smoothing and CEO turnover research suggests may be flawed. Income smoothing literature provides evidence that some incumbent CEOs manipulate earnings to a predetermined target to avoid a "ratcheting" of expectations while CEO turnover research suggests that the "relay" process mitigates some departing CEOs' manipulations of earnings. Since agency theory predicts that management of accounting earnings will vary between groups of incumbent and departing CEOs, as well as within these two groups, the present study partitions the sample on the median change in operating cash flows for departing CEOs. This study finds evidence that departing CEOs in the above-median partition do increase income-enhancing discretionary accruals in their final year with the firm, and they have a significant economic incentive to do so. However, there is apparently no economic incentive for departing CEOs with an above-median change in operating cash flows to reduce discretionary revenue or capital expenditures.
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Date Issued: 2001
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11974
Subject Headings: Chief Executive Officers--Salaries, etc, Accrual Basis Accounting, Disclosure in Accounting, Incentives in Industry
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Managerial reputation and Non-GAAP earnings disclosures.
Creator: Cheng, Yun, Kohlbeck, Mark, Florida Atlantic University, College of Business, School of Accounting
Abstract/Description: I examine how managerial reputation affects the quality of non-GAAP earnings disclosures and how the market reacts to non-GAAP earnings disclosures associated with managerial reputation. Although there was an initial dip in the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures after SOX and Regulation G, the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures has increased in recent years (Brown, Christensen, Elliott and Mergenthaler 2012). Motivated by the efficient contracting theory and managerial...
Show moreI examine how managerial reputation affects the quality of non-GAAP earnings disclosures and how the market reacts to non-GAAP earnings disclosures associated with managerial reputation. Although there was an initial dip in the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures after SOX and Regulation G, the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures has increased in recent years (Brown, Christensen, Elliott and Mergenthaler 2012). Motivated by the efficient contracting theory and managerial reputation incentives, I investigate whether reputable managers are associated with higher quality non-GAAP earnings disclosures. I also investigate whether the market is more responsive to non-GAAP earnings disclosed by reputable managers. Using empirical models modified from prior research, I find that reputable managers are less likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings, which is consistent with the efficient contracting explanation. I also find that reputable managers exclude more recurring items that are related to future operating earnings when they disclose non-GAAP earnings, which is consistent with the rent extraction explanation in prior research. Finally, I find that managerial reputation has an incremental effect on the market reaction and that the market is more responsive to non-GAAP earnings disclosed by reputable managers if the unexpected earnings are positive. The study contributes to both non-GAAP earnings disclosures literature and managerial reputation incentives literature. It also has implications for investors, managers, and regulators.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004185, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004185
Subject Headings: Capital productivity -- Measurement, Disclosure in accounting, Industrial management, Investment analysis, Risk management
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An analysis of the impact of non-audit services on financial reporting quality: A test of two competing theories of auditor independence.
Creator: Dickins, Denise., Florida Atlantic University, Skantz, Terrance R.
Abstract/Description: Auditor independence has been a long-standing issue for regulators resulting in numerous studies on the subject on how to enhance it and numerous rules that attempt to ensure it (e.g. Cohen Report 1978; ASR 250 1978; SEC Rule 2-01 2000). One of regulators' most recent attempts to shore up auditor independence is evident in the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). As a test of two competing theories of auditor independence, and to determine whether SOX mandates have successfully...
Show moreAuditor independence has been a long-standing issue for regulators resulting in numerous studies on the subject on how to enhance it and numerous rules that attempt to ensure it (e.g. Cohen Report 1978; ASR 250 1978; SEC Rule 2-01 2000). One of regulators' most recent attempts to shore up auditor independence is evident in the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). As a test of two competing theories of auditor independence, and to determine whether SOX mandates have successfully enhanced financial reporting quality, I examine post-SOX changes in non-audit fees (as a proxy for changes in quasi-rents) and the extent of changes in two measures of financial reporting quality. Results suggest that SOX mandates have been effective, and that the proposition of DeAngelo (1981b) that non-audit services may impair auditor independence may more-closely describe the relationship between changes in quasi-rents and changes in financial reporting quality than does the theory of Lee and Gu (1998). Further, supplemental analyses suggest that, as proposed by the theories, the amount of low-balling is positively related to the amount of quasi-rents.
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Date Issued: 2006
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12195
Subject Headings: Auditors--Evaluation, Accounting--Standards--United States, Auditing--Standards--United States, Auditing--Quality control, Disclosure in accounting
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Big 4 global networks: degree of homogeneity of audit quality among affiliates and relevance of PCAOB inspections.
Creator: Kassawat, Paulina M., Higgs, Julia, Florida Atlantic University, College of Business, School of Accounting
Abstract/Description: The Big 4 global networks (Deloitte, Ernst & Young [E&Y], KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers [PwC]) market themselves as providers of worldwide seamless services and consistent audit quality through their members. Under the current environment in which these auditors operate, there are three types of global network members: inspected non-U.S. affiliates (inspected affiliates, hereafter), non-inspected non-U.S. affiliates (non-inspected affiliates, hereafter), and inspected U.S. offices (U.S....
Show moreThe Big 4 global networks (Deloitte, Ernst & Young [E&Y], KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers [PwC]) market themselves as providers of worldwide seamless services and consistent audit quality through their members. Under the current environment in which these auditors operate, there are three types of global network members: inspected non-U.S. affiliates (inspected affiliates, hereafter), non-inspected non-U.S. affiliates (non-inspected affiliates, hereafter), and inspected U.S. offices (U.S. offices, hereafter). The recent suspension of the China-based Big 4 affiliates from auditing U.S.-listed companies calls into question whether these global networks can deliver the same level of audit quality across all their members and whether those located in jurisdictions denying access to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB or Board, hereafter) to conduct inspections may benefit from such inspections. This study examines the effect of being an affiliate and the effect of PCAOB inspections on perceived audit quality. I use earnings response coefficients (ERCs) as a proxy for perceived audit quality.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004385, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004385
Subject Headings: Auditing standards -- United States, Business enterprises -- Computer networks, Corporate governance, Disclosure in accounting -- United States, Financial services industry -- Management, Government accountability, Intternational standard on auditing, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Economic Consequences of Implementing the Engagement Partner Signature Requirement in the UK.
Creator: Liu, Min, Kohlbeck, Mark, Florida Atlantic University, College of Business, School of Accounting
Abstract/Description: I investigate the effects of requiring the audit engagement partner (EP) signature and individual EP’s quality on information asymmetry, analysts’ forecast errors and forecast dispersion. I predict and find that, ceteris paribus, there is a significant decline in information asymmetry, analysts’ forecast errors and forecast dispersion from the pre- to post-EP signature period in the UK over both of short-term (e.g., 2008-2010) and long-term (e.g., 2004-2014). These findings hold when using a...
Show moreI investigate the effects of requiring the audit engagement partner (EP) signature and individual EP’s quality on information asymmetry, analysts’ forecast errors and forecast dispersion. I predict and find that, ceteris paribus, there is a significant decline in information asymmetry, analysts’ forecast errors and forecast dispersion from the pre- to post-EP signature period in the UK over both of short-term (e.g., 2008-2010) and long-term (e.g., 2004-2014). These findings hold when using a control sample approach and a different proxy for the information asymmetry, which indicate that my results are not likely due to the effect of concurrent events and correlated omitted variables. These findings provide timely and important empirical evidence to the ongoing debate about whether the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board should pass a similar requirement in the U.S.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004651, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004651
Subject Headings: Auditing -- Standards -- United States, Corporate governance, Corporations -- Auditing -- Standards -- United States, Disclosure in accounting, Financial risk management -- Forecasting, Financial services industry -- Management, International standard on auditing, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Format: Document (PDF)

Disclosure in accounting (5)	+ -
Corporate governance (2)	+ -
Financial services industry -- Management (2)	+ -
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (2)	+ -
Accounting (1)	+ -

Accounting--Standards--United States (1)	+ -
Accrual Basis Accounting (1)	+ -
Auditing -- Standards -- United States (1)	+ -
Auditing standards -- United States (1)	+ -
Auditing--Quality control (1)	+ -
Auditing--Standards--United States (1)	+ -
Auditors--Evaluation (1)	+ -
Bankruptcy (1)	+ -
Business enterprises -- Computer networks (1)	+ -
Capital productivity -- Measurement (1)	+ -
Chief Executive Officers--Salaries, etc (1)	+ -
Corporations -- Auditing -- Standards -- United States (1)	+ -
Disclosure in Accounting (1)	+ -
Disclosure in accounting -- United States (1)	+ -
Financial risk management -- Forecasting (1)	+ -
Government accountability (1)	+ -
Incentives in Industry (1)	+ -
Industrial management (1)	+ -
International standard on auditing (1)	+ -
Intternational standard on auditing (1)	+ -
Investment analysis (1)	+ -
Plastering--Industries (1)	+ -
Risk (1)	+ -
Risk management (1)	+ -

Florida Atlantic University (7)	+ -
College of Business (4)	+ -
School of Accounting (4)	+ -
Kohlbeck, Mark (3)	+ -
Cheng, Yun (1)	+ -

Dickins, Denise. (1)	+ -
Higgs, Julia (1)	+ -
Hopwood, William S. (1)	+ -
Kassawat, Paulina M. (1)	+ -
Liu, Min (1)	+ -
Mortimer, John William (1)	+ -
Nam, Jiwon (1)	+ -
ROSE, JAMES JOSEPH. (1)	+ -
Schuster, Fred E. (1)	+ -
Skantz, Terrance R. (1)	+ -

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