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- Title
- CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: BUILDING A SECURITY REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR CARGO PORTS.
- Creator
- Romero, Virginia Mendiola, Fernandez, Eduardo B., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are physical entities whose operations are monitored, coordinated, and controlled by a computing and communication core. These systems are highly heterogeneous and complex. Their numerous components and cross domain complexity make attacks easy to propagate and security difficult to implement. Consequently, to secure these systems, they need to be built in a systematic and holistic way, where security is an integral part of the development lifecycle and not just...
Show moreCyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are physical entities whose operations are monitored, coordinated, and controlled by a computing and communication core. These systems are highly heterogeneous and complex. Their numerous components and cross domain complexity make attacks easy to propagate and security difficult to implement. Consequently, to secure these systems, they need to be built in a systematic and holistic way, where security is an integral part of the development lifecycle and not just an activity after development. These systems present a multitude of implementation details in their component units, so it is fundamental to use abstraction in the analysis and construction of their architecture. In particular, we can apply abstraction through the use of patterns. Pattern-based architectural modeling is a powerful way to describe the system and analyze its security and the other non-functional aspects. Patterns also have the potential to unify the design of their computational, communication, and control aspects. Architectural modeling can be performed through UML diagrams to show the interactions and dependencies between different components and its stakeholders. Also, it can be used to analyze security threats and describe the possible countermeasures to mitigate these threats. An important type of CPS is a maritime container terminal, a facility where cargo containers are transported between ships and land vehicles; for example, trains or trucks, for onward transportation, and vice versa. Every cargo port performs four basic functions: receiving, storing, staging and loading for both, import and export containers. We present here a set of patterns that describe the elements and functions of a cargo port system, and a Reference Architecture (RA) built using these patterns. We analyze and systematically enumerate the possible security threats to a container terminal in a cargo port using activity diagrams derived from selected use cases of the system. We describe these threats using misuse patterns, and from them select security patterns as defenses. The RA provides a framework to determine where to add these security mechanisms to stop or mitigate these threats and build a Security Reference Architecture (SRA) for CPS. An SRA is an abstract architecture describing a conceptual model of security that provides a way to specify security requirements for a wide range of concrete architectures. The analysis and design are given using a cargo port as our example, but the approach can be used in other domains as well. This is the first work we know where patterns and RAs are used to represent cargo ports and analyze their security.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013737
- Subject Headings
- Cyber-physical systems, Cooperating objects (Computer systems), Container terminals
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- NEW FAMILY OF DATA CENTER METRICS USING A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH FOR A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING.
- Creator
- Moises, Levy, Raviv, Daniel, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Data centers’ mission critical nature, significant power consumption, and increasing reliance on them for storing digital information, have created a need to monitor and manage these facilities. Metrics are a key part of this effort to raise flags that lead to optimization of resource utilization. While existing metrics have contributed to improvements regarding data center efficiency, they are very specific and overlook important aspects such as the overall performance and the risks to which...
Show moreData centers’ mission critical nature, significant power consumption, and increasing reliance on them for storing digital information, have created a need to monitor and manage these facilities. Metrics are a key part of this effort to raise flags that lead to optimization of resource utilization. While existing metrics have contributed to improvements regarding data center efficiency, they are very specific and overlook important aspects such as the overall performance and the risks to which the data center is exposed. With several variables affecting performance, there is an urgent need for new and improved metrics, capable to provide a holistic understanding of the data center behavior. This research proposes a novel framework using a multidimensional approach for a new family of data center metrics. Performance is examined across four different subdimensions: productivity, efficiency, sustainability, and operations. Risk associated with each of those sub-dimensions is contemplated. External risks are introduced, namely site risk, as another dimension of the metrics. Results from metrics across all sub-dimensions can be normalized to the same scale and incorporated in one graph, which simplifies visualization and reporting. This research also explores theoretical modeling of data center components using a cyber-physical systems lens to estimate and predict different variables including key performance indicators. Data center simulation models are deployed in MATLAB and Simulink to assess data centers under certain a-priori known conditions. The results of the simulations, with different workloads and IT resources, show quality of service as well as power, airflow and energy parameters. Ultimately, this research describes how key parameters associated with data center infrastructure and information technology equipment can be monitored in real-time across an entire facility using low-power wireless sensors. Real-time data collection may contribute in calibrating and validating models. The new family of data center metrics gives a more comprehensive and evidence-based view of issues affecting data centers, highlights areas where mitigating actions can be implemented, and allows reexamining their overall behavior. It can help to standardize a process that evolves into a best practice for evaluating data centers, comparing them to each other, and improving grounds for decision-making.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013387
- Subject Headings
- Data centers, Metrics, Multidimensional, Cyber-physical systems, Data centers--Management
- Format
- Document (PDF)