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“Guilty” untill proven innocent: Interrogation tactics and false confessions
Title
“Guilty” untill proven innocent: Interrogation tactics and false confessions.
Creator
Wailes, Meridith, Tunick, Mark
Date Issued
2012-04-06
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3350928
Subject Headings
Deception --Psychological aspects, Police questioning, Interviewing in law enforcement, Criminal investigation, False confessions, Self-incrimination
Format
Document (PDF)
The Evolution of General Strain Theory: A Comprehensive Review and Test of Robert Agnew’s 2002 Extension
Title
The Evolution of General Strain Theory: A Comprehensive Review and Test of Robert Agnew’s 2002 Extension.
Creator
Davidowitz, Krystal, Arneklev, Bruce J., Florida Atlantic University, College for Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
This thesis provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory of Delinquency, and tests his 2002 extension using two subsamples from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Juveniles between 12 and 17, and “emerging” adults that are 18 years old. Including an “emerging” adult subsample makes this analysis one of the first full tests of adults. Additionally, this analysis is the first partial test of Agnew’s 2013 extension of General Strain...
Show moreThis thesis provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory of Delinquency, and tests his 2002 extension using two subsamples from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Juveniles between 12 and 17, and “emerging” adults that are 18 years old. Including an “emerging” adult subsample makes this analysis one of the first full tests of adults. Additionally, this analysis is the first partial test of Agnew’s 2013 extension of General Strain Theory. Overall, the results of the analysis lend support to Agnew’s 2002 extension. Measures of strain are revealed to significantly effect measures of negative emotionality and low selfconstraint, and measures of negative emotionality and low self-constraint significantly affect delinquency/deviance and illicit substance use. A major limitation to the thesis is that there is no negative emotionality measure of anger, which is Agnew’s (1985; 1992) key measures of negative emotionality.
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Date Issued
2017
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004871, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004871
Subject Headings
Agnew, Robert--1953---Juvenile delinquency--Criticism and interpretation., Juvenile delinquency., Crime--Sociological aspects., Criminal behavior--Social aspects., Criminal psychology.
Format
Document (PDF)
Guilty" until proven innocent
Title
" Guilty" until proven innocent: interrogation and false confessions.
Creator
Wailes, Meridith, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
In 1956 Darrel Parker was convicted of murdering his wife, with no evidence of his guilt except his own confession. Like Parker, some individuals confess to crimes which they did not commit. These confessions are generally made with a lawyer present when police us deception or coercion. While deception is constitutional, and a permitted police tactic, coercion is not. THis paper distinguished between the two and provides a philosophical framework for determining when deception becomes...
Show moreIn 1956 Darrel Parker was convicted of murdering his wife, with no evidence of his guilt except his own confession. Like Parker, some individuals confess to crimes which they did not commit. These confessions are generally made with a lawyer present when police us deception or coercion. While deception is constitutional, and a permitted police tactic, coercion is not. THis paper distinguished between the two and provides a philosophical framework for determining when deception becomes coercive. While non-coercive deception can lead to false confessions, I do not argue that deception should be banned, as it is a useful tool for police in catching criminals. Instead, I argue that police may deceive suspects, but prosecutors and judges should provide a check by using a three-pronged test to ensure that individuals are not convicted of crimes they did not commit.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359324
Subject Headings
Confession (Law), Psychological aspects, Police questioning, Psychological aspects, Criminal justice, Administration of, Moral and ethical aspects, Interviewing in law enforcement, Criminal investigation, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Jury decision-making
Title
Jury decision-making: a study of the influence of sentencing information on jurors.
Creator
Hackett, Steven., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
This thesis is a study of the empirical significance of sentencing information on jury decision-making. A challenge in conducting jury behavior research is that direct observation of jury deliberation is either illegal or impractical. Thus most studies of jury behavior are conducted using archival analysis and mock jury questionnaires. And while we have some information on the issue of jury instruction complexity on jury decision-making, we know very little about the specific role of...
Show moreThis thesis is a study of the empirical significance of sentencing information on jury decision-making. A challenge in conducting jury behavior research is that direct observation of jury deliberation is either illegal or impractical. Thus most studies of jury behavior are conducted using archival analysis and mock jury questionnaires. And while we have some information on the issue of jury instruction complexity on jury decision-making, we know very little about the specific role of sentencing information on jury decision-making. My research combines aspects of the jury decision-making literature with the sentencing literature, and thus fills a crucial gap in the literature. While we know much about jury decision-making and much about the process of sentencing--this research directly tested whether these two phenomena are related. Mock trials of 100 participants were used to collect the data for this thesis study. The results provide clear evidence that there is a significant effect on jury decision-making when the jurors are provided with sentencing information.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/209991
Subject Headings
Sentences (Criminal procedure), Justice, Administration of, Decision making, Judicial discretion, Verdicts, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Stepparents and Genetic Parents Use Different Methods to Murder Their Children
Title
Stepparents and Genetic Parents Use Different Methods to Murder Their Children.
Creator
Grady, Mary Ann, Shackelford, Todd K., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Stepparents commit filicide more often than do genetic parents. In 1994, using Canadian and British national databases, Daly and Wilson provided evidence that there are motivational differences that may affect the methods by which stepparents and genetic parents kill their children, and that stepfathers were more likely than genetic fathers to commit filicide by methods of beating and bludgeoning, revealing greater resentment and bitterness toward their charges. Genetic fathers were more...
Show moreStepparents commit filicide more often than do genetic parents. In 1994, using Canadian and British national databases, Daly and Wilson provided evidence that there are motivational differences that may affect the methods by which stepparents and genetic parents kill their children, and that stepfathers were more likely than genetic fathers to commit filicide by methods of beating and bludgeoning, revealing greater resentment and bitterness toward their charges. Genetic fathers were more likely to kill their children by asphyxiation or shooting, perhaps to ensure a less painful and quicker death. In 2004, Weekes-Shackelford and Shackelford, using a United States national database, replicated the findings of Daly and Wilson (1994) for stepfathers and genetic fathers. I sought to replicate the findings of Daly and Wilson (1994), and WeekesShackelford and Shackelford (2004) using a United States county-level database for Broward County, Florida that included case-level information for 89 filicides. Prediction 1, that the percentage of filicides committed by beating or bludgeoning would be greater for stepparents than for genetic parents, was supported. Prediction 2, that the percentage of filicides committed by beating or bludgeoning would be greater for stepfathers than for genetic fathers, was in the predicted direction but was not significant. Discussion addresses step parental psychology in view of the current research, the limitations of the current study, and future research directions for this topic.
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Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000803
Subject Headings
Filicide, Children--Crimes against, Abused children--Mortality, Abusive parents--Psychology, Criminal behavior, Prediction of, Infanticide
Format
Document (PDF)
An analysis of personality and the effect of peer influence on deviant behavior during adolescence
Title
An analysis of personality and the effect of peer influence on deviant behavior during adolescence.
Creator
Taylor, Kasey, Youstin, Tasha, Florida Atlantic University, College of Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
Criminologists have long since documented a connection between peer deviance and personal deviance. Some theories suggest that this connection is due to a learning process where individuals may adopt the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of those with whom they have significant interactions, such as friends. While individuals may be susceptible to learning anti-social behavior from peers, it is unclear if certain personality characteristics may affect this relationship. The purpose of this...
Show moreCriminologists have long since documented a connection between peer deviance and personal deviance. Some theories suggest that this connection is due to a learning process where individuals may adopt the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of those with whom they have significant interactions, such as friends. While individuals may be susceptible to learning anti-social behavior from peers, it is unclear if certain personality characteristics may affect this relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine if differences in specific personality characteristics, such as self-esteem, introversion and extroversion, can have a moderating effect on the pressures to participate in the use of drugs and alcohol that are projected on to individuals during their adolescent years. The findings of the current study can lead to new pathways in substance use prevention and personality assessment in conjunction with risk assessment for juveniles during their middle and high school years.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004470, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004470
Subject Headings
Adolescent psychology, Criminal behavior, Prediction of, Developmental psychology, Interpersonal relations in adolescence, Peer influence in adolescence, Peer motivation in adolescence, Personality assessment
Format
Document (PDF)