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Title: Perceptuomotor biases in vowel imitation.
Creator: Vallabha, Gautam Kumar, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description: The method of imitation provides an alternative approach to longstanding problems in speech research such as the organization of the vowel space and its relation to linguistic categories. Imitation of self-produced targets is particularly useful because (a) it allows a subject to report the quality of a multidimensional percept quickly and efficiently and (b) the subject is in principle capable of matching the target perfectly, so systematic deviations in the imitation can be ascribed to...
Show moreThe method of imitation provides an alternative approach to longstanding problems in speech research such as the organization of the vowel space and its relation to linguistic categories. Imitation of self-produced targets is particularly useful because (a) it allows a subject to report the quality of a multidimensional percept quickly and efficiently and (b) the subject is in principle capable of matching the target perfectly, so systematic deviations in the imitation can be ascribed to perceptuomotor biases. The self-imitation task was used to study perceptuomotor bias in the F1 x F2 vowel spaces of native speakers of American English, using two kinds of tasks. In "Serial Imitation", the imitations of a subject were played back to him for further imitation, thereby creating a set of trajectories in the vowel space. In "Multiple Imitation", each target was imitated several times, thereby allowing the perceptuomotor bias and variability to be calculated. Both tasks showed that subjects were consistently inaccurate in imitating themselves and that different subjects had different patterns of bias directions over the vowel space. The bias did not seem to be influenced by the temporal structure of the target nor by the subject's linguistic background and phonetic training. Articulatory modeling further showed that the bias was not due to low-level noise during production. The cause of the bias is posited to be the subject's psychological set, viz. his or her tacit notion of what aspects of the target are to be attended to and emphasized. An additional result was that while the bias directions differed across subjects, the distribution of bias magnitude and formant variability were remarkably consistent across subjects and sessions. In particular, F1 and F2 varied independently of each other and the formant standard deviations were similar to the formant discrimination limen. It is proposed that the psychological set is akin to a cognitive "policy" that can vary across subjects and sessions, while the underlying mechanism that carries out the policy is relatively unchanging.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12028
Subject Headings: Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE CAUSAL ROLE OF THETA OSCILLATIONS IN THE FRONTOPARIETAL NETWORK ON COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY.
Creator: Yoon, Yosun, Hong, Sang Wook, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description: Cognitive flexibility is crucial for efficient goal-directed behavior, especially in rapidly changing environments. While recent studies have consistently shown enhanced theta power and synchronization in the frontoparietal network during flexible task-switching, direct evidence establishing a causal link between theta-rhythm brain oscillation and cognitive flexibility remains limited. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the frontoparietal network...
Show moreCognitive flexibility is crucial for efficient goal-directed behavior, especially in rapidly changing environments. While recent studies have consistently shown enhanced theta power and synchronization in the frontoparietal network during flexible task-switching, direct evidence establishing a causal link between theta-rhythm brain oscillation and cognitive flexibility remains limited. In this study, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to the frontoparietal network at a theta frequency (6 Hz) with a phase difference of either 0° (inphase) or 180° (antiphase) to explore its impact on task-switching performance. The results showed no significant tACS modulation effects on switch costs or neural oscillatory synchronization in the frontoparietal network. However, a consistent negative correlation was observed between frontoparietal theta power in the early time window of cue-target interval and task switching performance, implying the close relationship between proactive control in task switching and frontoparietal theta activities.
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Date Issued: 2023
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014340
Subject Headings: Theta Rhythm, Cognition, Cognitive psychology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An Exploratory Study of the Relationships Among the Cognitive Styles of Teachers, Students and Their Reading Materials in Second and Fourth Grade Classrooms.
Creator: Kuchinskas, Gloria A., Logsdon, James D., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: In this study, the relationships among cognitive styles of teachers, students and reading rnaterials were studied. Children in second and fourth grade classr:ooms were matched with their teachers on elements on their cognitive style maps. A construct of cognitive style developed by Dr. Joseph Hill of Oakland Community College was used. This construct examines the subject in four areas: 1) the subject's use of theoretical symbols, such as, words and numbers, 2) his reactions to qualitative...
Show moreIn this study, the relationships among cognitive styles of teachers, students and reading rnaterials were studied. Children in second and fourth grade classr:ooms were matched with their teachers on elements on their cognitive style maps. A construct of cognitive style developed by Dr. Joseph Hill of Oakland Community College was used. This construct examines the subject in four areas: 1) the subject's use of theoretical symbols, such as, words and numbers, 2) his reactions to qualitative codes, such as, sensory or kinesic information, 3) the cultural deterrninants of his actions and 4) the modes of reasoning he prefers. This study indicated that it was possible to map young children and their teachers and arrive at a comparison of teachers' and students' maps. Interaction did occur in the classroom based on the similarities and differences between students and teachers. Achievement in reading was affected by this interaction.
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Date Issued: 1974
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000674
Subject Headings: Cognitive styles, Cognition in children, Reading comprehension
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cognitive performance predicted by recreational drug use.
Creator: Paz, Andres L., Rosselli, Monica, Graduate College
Date Issued: 2013-04-12
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361952
Subject Headings: Drug abuse, Cognition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: COGNITIVE INTERPRETATION DEFICITS IN AGGRESSIVE AND VICTIM CHILDREN.
Creator: HALLECK, BETH A., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Using Dodge's (1986) social information processing model of social competence, we examined the interpretation of social cues in 48 third through sixth grade children classified on the dimensions of aggression and victimization. It was hypothesized that both aggressive and victim children would show interpretation (attribution) deficits or biases as compared to controls. In order to test this hypothesis, subjects were administered a series of short stories. Four of these scenarios depicted...
Show moreUsing Dodge's (1986) social information processing model of social competence, we examined the interpretation of social cues in 48 third through sixth grade children classified on the dimensions of aggression and victimization. It was hypothesized that both aggressive and victim children would show interpretation (attribution) deficits or biases as compared to controls. In order to test this hypothesis, subjects were administered a series of short stories. Four of these scenarios depicted ambiguous provocations and three depicted ambiguous prosocial acts directed toward the subject. The stories were designed to measure the extent to which children made negative, blaming attributions in response to the stories. The results provided partial support for the prediction. While victim children manifested no biases, the aggressive children did possess a hostile attributional bias. It was suggested that these children are distinct from each other and may possess very different biases that account for the observed behavioral differences.
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Date Issued: 1987
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14392
Subject Headings: Cognition in children
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Dynamics of human sensorimotor coordination: From behavior to brain activity.
Creator: Chen, Yanqing, Florida Atlantic University, Ding, Mingzhou, Kelso, J. A. Scott
Abstract/Description: The dynamics of human sensorimotor coordination are studied at behavioral and neural levels through temporal synchronization and syncopation tasks. In experiment 1, subjects synchronized their finger movements (in-phase) with a metronome at 2.0Hz and 1.25Hz for 1200 cycles. Fluctuations of timing errors were analyzed through correlation, power spectrum analyses and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Results indicated that the synchronization error time series was characterized by a 1/falpha...
Show moreThe dynamics of human sensorimotor coordination are studied at behavioral and neural levels through temporal synchronization and syncopation tasks. In experiment 1, subjects synchronized their finger movements (in-phase) with a metronome at 2.0Hz and 1.25Hz for 1200 cycles. Fluctuations of timing errors were analyzed through correlation, power spectrum analyses and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Results indicated that the synchronization error time series was characterized by a 1/falpha type of long memory process with alpha = 0.5. Previous timing models based upon motor program or simple "central clock" ideas were reviewed to show that they could not explain such long range correlations in the synchronization task. To explore the possible cognitive origins of long range correlation, experiment 2 required subjects to synchronize (on the beat) or syncopate (off the beat) to a metronome at 1Hz using different cognitive strategies. Timing fluctuations were again found to be 1/f alpha type, with alpha = 0.5 in synchronization and alpha = 0.8 in syncopation. When subjects employed a synchronization strategy to successfully syncopate, timing fluctuations shifted toward 1/f 0.5 type. This experiment indicated that the scaling exponent in timing fluctuations was related to task requirements and specific coordination strategies. Further, they suggest that the sources of such long memory originated from higher level cognitive processing in the human brain. Experiment 3 analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data associated with synchronization and syncopation tasks. Brain oscillations at alpha (8--14Hz), beta (15--20Hz) and gamma (35--40Hz) frequency ranges were shown to correlate with different aspects of the coordination behavior. Specifically, through power and coherence analyses, alpha activity was linked to sensorimotor integration and "binding", beta activity was related to task requirements (synchronization or syncopation), and gamma activity was related to movement kinematics (trajectory). These results supported the idea that the 1/f alpha type of timing fluctuations originated from collective neural activities in the brain acting on multiple time scales.
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Date Issued: 2000
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12649
Subject Headings: Sensorimotor integration, Cognitive neuroscience
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Behavioral and electroencephalographic analysis of visuomotor coordination.
Creator: Taylor, Debra, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description: Sensorimotor coordination is used in everyday behavior. This includes discrete reactive behaviors, such as maneuvers made to avoid a predator that was heard in the distance, or continuous rhythmic behaviors, such as riding a bicycle. Researchers have studied the behavioral aspects of sensorimotor coordination for over a century and various models have been proposed to account for these findings in terms of the nervous system. The purpose of this thesis was to use behavioral measures and...
Show moreSensorimotor coordination is used in everyday behavior. This includes discrete reactive behaviors, such as maneuvers made to avoid a predator that was heard in the distance, or continuous rhythmic behaviors, such as riding a bicycle. Researchers have studied the behavioral aspects of sensorimotor coordination for over a century and various models have been proposed to account for these findings in terms of the nervous system. The purpose of this thesis was to use behavioral measures and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in humans to address several of the remaining issues regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity involved in continuous sensorimotor coordination. First, are the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activity different for discrete and continuous coordination behaviors? To investigate discrete coordination, a simple reaction time (RT) task was used: upon each random presentation of the visual stimulus (2.5--3.5 sec ISI), subjects responded with a unimanual index finger flexion. Continuous coordination was studied via a synchronization-continuation paradigm, which used the same visual stimulus (1 sec ISI) and the same unimanual index finger flexion as in the reaction time task. By keeping the stimulus and motor properties constant for the two types of coordination it was hypothesized that differences in cortical activity would relate to an internal timekeeping system responsible for pacing the rhythmic movements made during continuous coordination. Several models postulate that oscillatory activity is used by the brain for maintaining task timing information (see Miall, 1989, and Church and Broadbent, 1991, for example). Frequency analysis revealed phase-locking of the alpha rhythm in the occipital lobe. This rhythm appears to play a role as a neural timekeeper mechanism: it was found that the degree of alpha phase-locking was predictable from the expected dependence on neural timekeeping, i.e. continuation was greater than synchronization, which is in turn was greater than reaction. These results also support the concept of modality specificity in neural timekeeping mechanisms (reviewed in Matell and Meck, 2004). Furthermore, the behavioral and EEG results support the theory that continuous sensorimotor coordination is largely influenced by timekeeping mechanisms, with sensory stimulation being employed occasionally to keep timing relatively accurate (Hary and Moore, 1987).
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12143
Subject Headings: Psychology, Experimental, Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Neural substrates of movement and music: An fMRI approach.
Creator: Nair, Dinesh G., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description: In this dissertation, we examined the neural correlates of motor coordination and music perception using a set of four fMRI experiments. The neural correlates of goal-directed action were examined in a group of healthy adults in experiment I using execution and imagery of a unimanual and a bimanual finger-sequencing task. Similar neural networks were engaged for execution and imagination of movement sequences. Interestingly, we also found that the sensorimotor cortical and cerebellar areas...
Show moreIn this dissertation, we examined the neural correlates of motor coordination and music perception using a set of four fMRI experiments. The neural correlates of goal-directed action were examined in a group of healthy adults in experiment I using execution and imagery of a unimanual and a bimanual finger-sequencing task. Similar neural networks were engaged for execution and imagination of movement sequences. Interestingly, we also found that the sensorimotor cortical and cerebellar areas are functionally decoupled from the task network when people imagine but do not actually execute sequential actions. In experiment 2, we used the same finger-sequencing paradigm to study recovery of function during recovery from stroke. It was observed that the wide spread neural activity during the initial session became more localized during the last session. In addition, using imagery tasks, we showed that hemiplegic patients retained the ability to activate neural pathways that are normally involved in executing goal-directed action sequences, despite the loss of ability to actually execute movements. In experiment 3, we examined brain activity when musicians and non-musicians listened to expressive and mechanical versions of a musical piece. The expressive performance activated the limbic areas more than the mechanical version in both groups of subjects suggesting perception of affect. The pattern of neural activity was also dictated by their experience and familiarity with the piece of music. In addition, we found activation of language related areas when musicians listened to the expressive version suggesting shared neural resources for language and music. The neural basis of sensorimotor coordination and timing in Parkinson's disease was investigated in the last experiment, using a synchronization-syncopation task and the continuation paradigm. Different neural areas subserved timing during the two different modes of coordination. However, these differences persisted during their respective continuation phases. In order to compensate for the functional deficiency in Parkinson's disease, patients recruited functionally segregated circuits that connect the striatum and association areas of the parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortices.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12082
Subject Headings: Biology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMATA.
Creator: SCHMELZKOPF, KAREN FRANCES., Florida Atlantic University, Lee, David R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Geosciences
Abstract/Description: Man lacks the cognitive capabilities by which to process all the complex and detailed information of the environment, yet is able to formulate a comprehensive notion of the environment. The present study hypothesized that a cognitive mechanism exists by which salient information is abstracted and stored in memory. Subjects were required to learn to discriminate among four sets of photographs of an urban street scene, taken from four different locations within an area of 150 square meters. An...
Show moreMan lacks the cognitive capabilities by which to process all the complex and detailed information of the environment, yet is able to formulate a comprehensive notion of the environment. The present study hypothesized that a cognitive mechanism exists by which salient information is abstracted and stored in memory. Subjects were required to learn to discriminate among four sets of photographs of an urban street scene, taken from four different locations within an area of 150 square meters. An identification test was administered either immediately or one week after acquisition, using photographs from the acquisition set and novel photographs taken from the same locations but at different camera orientations. The results indicated that subjects abstract a continuous schematic representation from discrete photographic samples of the total scene. These results suggest that man in a real-world situation remembers a general, schematic concept of the environment, rather than detailed, specific information.
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Date Issued: 1978
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13939
Subject Headings: Environmental psychology, Cognition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE RELATIONSHIP OF PIAGETIAN FORMAL OPERATIONS AND OTHER COGNITIVE FACTORS TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ABILITY (DEVELOPMENT).
Creator: CAFOLLA, RALPH, Florida Atlantic University, Kauffman, Dan
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine if success in writing computer programs is related to level of cognitive development, verbal ability, math reasoning, and grade point average. This study presents a model that predicts computer programming ability. Twenty-three subjects were drawn from students enrolled in BASIC programming classes at Broward Community College. Each subject was given the School and College Ability Test (SCAT II) test to assess math and verbal levels and the Inventory...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if success in writing computer programs is related to level of cognitive development, verbal ability, math reasoning, and grade point average. This study presents a model that predicts computer programming ability. Twenty-three subjects were drawn from students enrolled in BASIC programming classes at Broward Community College. Each subject was given the School and College Ability Test (SCAT II) test to assess math and verbal levels and the Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks (IPDT) to assess level of cognitive development. Grade point averages were obtained from the registrar. The instructor's final examination, which consisted of generating BASIC programs, was used as a measure of programming ability. Each student was given 45 hours of instruction in BASIC by the instructor and had access to laboratory facilities equipped with IBM Personal Computers. Pearson r correlations were performed using each predictor (grade point average, verbal ability, math reasoning, and level of cognitive development) as independent variables and computer programming ability as the dependent variable. The correlations were all significant. To determine how well all four factors together predict programming ability, multiple regression analysis was performed using all of the predictors as independent variables and computer programming ability as the dependent variable. This study supports prior research showing that grade point average, math reasoning and verbal ability were each significant predictors of success in computer programming. Results showed that level of cognitive development is linearly predictive of success in computer programming. Results of the regression showed that level of cognitive development, when combined with verbal reasoning, is linearly predictive of programming ability.
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Date Issued: 1986
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11886
Subject Headings: Computer programming, Cognition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Local contextual impenetrability of lexical access and gap-filling: A comparison of outcomes from cross-modal lexical priming and word-by-word reading tasks.
Creator: Lewis, James Robert, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Contextual impenetrability is the measurable consequence of informational encapsulation, which is a key feature of input systems hypothesized to be modular. The data from the current psycholinguistic literature do not clearly converge on support for or refutation of the modularity hypothesis with regard to the existence of contextual impenetrability for lexical access and gap-filling. Most previous research has focused on the influence of global context on lexical access. The experiments in...
Show moreContextual impenetrability is the measurable consequence of informational encapsulation, which is a key feature of input systems hypothesized to be modular. The data from the current psycholinguistic literature do not clearly converge on support for or refutation of the modularity hypothesis with regard to the existence of contextual impenetrability for lexical access and gap-filling. Most previous research has focused on the influence of global context on lexical access. The experiments in this dissertation explore a more local context imposed by the argument structure and lexical conceptual structure of a verb on its direct object. The primary goal for this dissertation was to develop a set of test sentences appropriate for study with both cross-modal lexical priming and word-by-word reading to connect key experiments in the lexical access and gap-filling literature, then to determine if the outcomes supported or failed to support the existence of contextual impenetrability for lexical access and gap-filling. The outcomes of these experiments supported the hypothesis of contextual impenetrability for these linguistic operations. A secondary goal of this dissertation was to address recent criticisms of studies that have used cross-modal lexical priming to study the contextual impenetrability of gap-filling. The cross-modal lexical priming experiments in this dissertation demonstrated that it is unreasonable to attribute priming effects at hypothesized gap locations to artifacts such as hypothesized "continuation priming." The dissertation concludes with discussions of the implications of these results for two competing theories of mental structure (the modularity hypothesis and interactionist hypotheses) and recommendations for the appropriate interpretation of various experimental tasks and additional experiments.
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Date Issued: 1996
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12483
Subject Headings: Language, Linguistics, Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction.
Creator: Nash, Stacey S., Florida Atlantic University, Bressler, Steven L., Kersten, Alan
Abstract/Description: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a metabolic disorder arising from pancreatic dysfunction. For survival, a diabetic must rely upon an exogenous source of insulin to ensure cellular health. Hypoglycemia is a condition that may arise in IDDM patients in which more insulin than glucose is present in the body. Chronic, severe occurrences of this condition have been speculated to incur memory impairment in diabetics. This experiment sought to determine if diabetics performed...
Show moreInsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a metabolic disorder arising from pancreatic dysfunction. For survival, a diabetic must rely upon an exogenous source of insulin to ensure cellular health. Hypoglycemia is a condition that may arise in IDDM patients in which more insulin than glucose is present in the body. Chronic, severe occurrences of this condition have been speculated to incur memory impairment in diabetics. This experiment sought to determine if diabetics performed differently from a non-diabetic population on a delayed matching memory task, and also if those diabetics experiencing hypoglycemia performed more poorly than other diabetics on this task. It was found that IDDM patients do not perform differently from non-diabetics on a matching task, and most diabetics did not perform more poorly than other patients on the same task. One diabetic experiencing severe, chronic hypoglycemia performed more poorly than other experiment participants, suggesting that hypoglycemia may, in fact, be related to memory impairment on this delayed matching task.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12922
Subject Headings: Diabetes, Hypoglycemia, Cognition disorders
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interaction between surface-based and edge-based motion mechanisms in the perception of apparent motion.
Creator: Nichols, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The motion of an object may be perceived based on a change in location of either its surface or edges. By isolating the luminance changes produced by a moving object from the physical displacement of its surface and edges, it was found that a static object appears to move when the luminance changes are restricted to a narrow area adjacent to it. Therefore, changes in the luminance contrast of edges are sufficient for the perception of object motion. However, the existence of different motion...
Show moreThe motion of an object may be perceived based on a change in location of either its surface or edges. By isolating the luminance changes produced by a moving object from the physical displacement of its surface and edges, it was found that a static object appears to move when the luminance changes are restricted to a narrow area adjacent to it. Therefore, changes in the luminance contrast of edges are sufficient for the perception of object motion. However, the existence of different motion signals based on luminance changes of edges and surfaces was confirmed by the occurrence of different motion percepts for the same stimulus configuration. As the width of the region which changed in luminance was increased, edge-based motion percepts were replaced by a surface-based motion percept. This study was primarily concerned with the interaction between the mechanisms that signal edge-based motion and surface-based motion. It was found that surface-based motion mechanisms inhibit edge-based motion mechanisms, even when the different motion patterns were in the same direction. Modulating the effects of this inhibition was facilitation between edge-based motion mechanisms when two sliding-edge motions were possible in the same direction. Less facilitation, and possibly inhibition, occurred when the sliding-edge motions were in the opposite compared with the same direction. Finally, there was even greater inhibition from surface-based motion mechanisms ado edge-based motion mechanisms when the different motion patterns were specified in the opposite compared with the same direction. It is concluded that much of the observed inhibition results from high-level perceptual processes that distinguish between whether particular luminance changes are caused by the disappearance and reappearance of one object or by the local movement of multiple objects. Assuming that jumping-object motion is perceived naturally when there is an interruption in the visual processing of a moving object, such as with blinking, the nature of the inhibition would serve to, reduce the inappropriate perception of motion for ether objects adjacent to the previously and newly occupied locations of the moving object.
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Date Issued: 2006
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12235
Subject Headings: Psychology, Experimental, Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A transient mechanism for the perception of apparent motion.
Creator: Gilroy, Lee Alan, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This study investigated the viability of a transient mechanism for the detection of counter-changing luminance, argued by Hock, et al. (2002) to be the informational basis for the perception of apparent motion. A series of experiments verified assumptions of the proposed mechanism and provided additional support for counter-changing luminance as the basis for apparent motion perception. It was found that: (1) The likelihood of perceiving apparent motion is best predicted by the product of...
Show moreThis study investigated the viability of a transient mechanism for the detection of counter-changing luminance, argued by Hock, et al. (2002) to be the informational basis for the perception of apparent motion. A series of experiments verified assumptions of the proposed mechanism and provided additional support for counter-changing luminance as the basis for apparent motion perception. It was found that: (1) The likelihood of perceiving apparent motion is best predicted by the product of local changes in luminance. This provided the basis for the multiplicative combination of subunit responses in the proposed mechanism (i.e. there is no motion signaled without coincident activation of both subunits). (2) When a brief interval of time separates a sequence of luminance onsets and offsets, or a sequence of luminance offsets, at a single element location, subunits exhibit summation of excitatory/inhibitory and excitatory/excitatory responses, respectively. This was consistent with the output of each subunit being determined by its biphasic temporal impulse response. (3) Apparent motion is specified only when there is a luminance offset at one location accompanied by a luminance onset at another location, and the likelihood of perceiving motion decreases with increases in the interval of time (ISI) separating the luminance offset from the luminance onset. Evidence that motion is not perceived beyond a limited range of ISI values indicated that the subunits respond transiently to luminance change. Accordingly, the effects of (ISI) are attributed to a reduction in the temporal coincidence of transient responses. This was supported by evidence that motion can be perceived when a luminance onset (indicating the end of the motion path) occurs before a luminance offset (indicating the start of the motion path). Computational simulations based on the product of transient responses to luminance offsets and onsets provide good qualitative matches to the experimental findings.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12004
Subject Headings: Psychology, Experimental, Psychology, Cognitive
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The effects of language proficiency and task type on executive function and working memory performance in bilingual adults.
Creator: Lalwani, Laxmi N., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Research shows that bilingualism confers substantial cognitive benefits in children and the elderly. Bilingual advantages on nonverbal working memory, updating, shifting and inhibition tasks are widely reported. However, advantages are not always observed in young adults. These disparities may be due to varied proficiency levels and task types (verbal versus nonverbal) administered. This study sought to detect bilingual performance advantages on executive function and working memory tasks ...
Show moreResearch shows that bilingualism confers substantial cognitive benefits in children and the elderly. Bilingual advantages on nonverbal working memory, updating, shifting and inhibition tasks are widely reported. However, advantages are not always observed in young adults. These disparities may be due to varied proficiency levels and task types (verbal versus nonverbal) administered. This study sought to detect bilingual performance advantages on executive function and working memory tasks (verbal and nonverbal working memory, updating, shifting and inhibition tasks) between groups of 37 high and 37 low proficiency Spanish-English bilingual and 40 English monolingual young adults. ... Young adulthood may represent a lull during which bilingualism does not confer cognitive advantages for functions examined.
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Date Issued: 2012
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358602
Subject Headings: Bilingualism, Psychological aspects, Psycholinguistics, Cognition, Memory, Cognitive psychology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Not what you think: judgement transformation through nonconscious thought.
Creator: Parkin, Steven S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Perceiver's use of thought suppression to maintain a consistent attitude toward another person ironically leads to nonlinear changes in their evaluations over time. In this study of interpersonal evaluation, 157 participants across three conditions (high-level mindset, low-level mindset, and control) observe the same person in seven counter-balanced videotaped social interactions depicting helpful, rude, and ambiguous behaviors. The high-level prime instructed participants to focus on the...
Show morePerceiver's use of thought suppression to maintain a consistent attitude toward another person ironically leads to nonlinear changes in their evaluations over time. In this study of interpersonal evaluation, 157 participants across three conditions (high-level mindset, low-level mindset, and control) observe the same person in seven counter-balanced videotaped social interactions depicting helpful, rude, and ambiguous behaviors. The high-level prime instructed participants to focus on the target's goals and intentions ; low-level participants focused on the target's specific concrete behaviors. High-level participants better resisted the influence of conflicting information by surpressing thoughts inconsistent with their initial evaluation of the target. From the dynamical systems perspective, such suppressed information over time becomes organized as an alternative attractor, nonconsciously influencing the perceiver's cognitive system, leading to change away from an initial attitude, as measured by the Mouse Paradigm procedure.
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Date Issued: 2012
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355871
Subject Headings: Emotions and cognition, Subconsciousness, Unconscious (Psychology), Cognitive psychology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cognitive differences between professional musicians and non-musicians: a research proposal.
Creator: Kofman, Olga Loraine, Rosselli, Monica
Date Issued: 2013-04-05
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361107
Subject Headings: Mozart effect, Music, Brain, Cognition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpersonal engagement in social perception: the consequences of getting into the action.
Creator: Knight, Jeffrey A., Vallacher, Robin R.
Date Issued: 1981
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2796496
Subject Headings: Social interaction., Cognition., Social psychology.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Complexity and Blocked Trial Presentation in a Novel Verb Generalization Task.
Creator: Pruzansky, Rita, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The current study examined the role of complexity and initial variability of exemplars during learning in verb generalization. Children and adults learned two novel verbs in the context of two novel creatures across two sessions. After a second training session, participants completed a generalization task during which they were required to identify the verbs when presented with seven novel creatures of varying levels of complexity. Performance was compared across age group and condition....
Show moreThe current study examined the role of complexity and initial variability of exemplars during learning in verb generalization. Children and adults learned two novel verbs in the context of two novel creatures across two sessions. After a second training session, participants completed a generalization task during which they were required to identify the verbs when presented with seven novel creatures of varying levels of complexity. Performance was compared across age group and condition. Participants who initially learned the verbs in the context of a single, simple exemplar demonstrated a higher proportion of correct responses than participants who initially learned the verbs with both a simple & complex exemplar. These results provide evidence that fewer exemplars during initial training of novel verbs may increase learning in young children, as well as some evidence that complex exemplars may increase the difficulty of learning and generalizing verbs.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004622
Subject Headings: Psycholinguistics., Language acquisition., Cognitive grammar.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: EARLY SUBJECT-OBJECT RELATIONS AND THE PERCEPTION OF SYNTACTIC RELATIONS IN SPEECH: THE SOCIAL GENESIS OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AS A FUNCTION OF FATHER ABSENCE.
Creator: LORICCHIO, DAVID FRANK., Florida Atlantic University, Tarantino, Santo J., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Sociology
Abstract/Description: Statistical analysis of test scores obtained from forty-one children separated from the father during early life and their matched controls provides support for the conclusion that the quality or type of subject-object interaction in the caretaking environment effectively contributes to one's concept of the self as involved in a world of other selves and objects, as one other member of a social system. The concepts of self and other are derived from the form of experience which one has had in...
Show moreStatistical analysis of test scores obtained from forty-one children separated from the father during early life and their matched controls provides support for the conclusion that the quality or type of subject-object interaction in the caretaking environment effectively contributes to one's concept of the self as involved in a world of other selves and objects, as one other member of a social system. The concepts of self and other are derived from the form of experience which one has had in responding to others present. Conceptual thinking emerges as a reflection upon objects known. Objects are known to the self as a result of actions taken in response to a thing's good or useful properties. Seen in this way, knowledge represents an instrumental relation of knower to thing known.
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Date Issued: 1980
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14028
Subject Headings: Cognition in children, Paternal deprivation
Format: Document (PDF)

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