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Title: Corrosion Propagation of Reinforcing Steel Embedded in Binary and Ternary Concrete.
Creator: Hoque, Kazi Naimul, Presuel-Moreno, Francisco, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has been using supplementary cementitious materials while constructing steel reinforced concrete marine bridge structures for over three decades. It has been found from previous studies that such additions in concrete mix makes the concrete more durable. This research was conducted to better understand the corrosion propagation stage of steel rebar embedded in high performance concrete exposed to high humidity environment. Reinforced concrete...
Show moreThe Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has been using supplementary cementitious materials while constructing steel reinforced concrete marine bridge structures for over three decades. It has been found from previous studies that such additions in concrete mix makes the concrete more durable. This research was conducted to better understand the corrosion propagation stage of steel rebar embedded in high performance concrete exposed to high humidity environment. Reinforced concrete samples that were made with binary mixes, and ternary mixes were considered. None of these concretes had any admixed chloride to start with. An accelerated chloride transport method was used to drive chloride ions into the concrete so that chlorides reached and exceed the chloride threshold at the rebar surface and hence the corrosion process initiated after a short period of time (within few days to few months). Once corrosion has initiated the corrosion propagation can be studied. Electrochemical measurements such as rebar potential measurements, Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Galvanostatic Pulse (GP) measurements were taken at regular intervals (during and after the electro-migration process) to observe the corrosion propagation in each sample. During the propagation stage, reinforcement eventually reached negative potentials values (i.e., Ecorr≤ –0.200 Vsce) for all the samples. The corrected polarization resistance (Rc) was calculated by subtracting the concrete solution resistance from the apparent polarization resistance measured. The Rc values obtained from LPR and GP measurements were converted to corrosion current (as the corroding area is unknown), and these corrosion current values measured over time were used to obtain the calculated mass loss (using Faraday’s Law). A comparison was made of the calculated corrosion current obtained using the LPR and GP tests. A comparison of mass loss was also obtained from the values measured from LPR and GP tests. From the experimental results, it was observed that the corrosion current values were largely dependent on the length of solution reservoirs. For specimens cast with single rebar as well as three rebars, the most recent corrosion current values (measurements taken between July 2018 to October 2020) in general were larger for the rebars that are embedded in specimens prepared with SL mix, followed by specimens prepared with FA, T1, and T2 mixes respectively. The range of corrosion current values (most recent) were 0.8-33.8 μA for SL samples, 0.5-22.5 μA for FA samples, 0.8-14.8 μA for T1 samples, and 0.7-10.4 μA for T2 samples respectively. It was also found that the calculated mass loss values were larger for rebars that are embedded in specimens (single rebar and three rebars) prepared with SL mix, followed by specimens prepared with FA, T1, and T2 mixes respectively. The range of calculated mass loss values were 0.07-1.13 grams for SL samples, 0.06-0.62 grams for FA samples, 0.12-0.54 grams for T1 samples, and 0.06-0.40 grams for T2 samples respectively. A variety of corrosion related parameters (Ecorr, Rs, Rc, and Icorr) and calculated theoretical mass loss values observed, were due to the changing parameters such as concrete compositions, concrete cover thickness, rebar diameter, total ampere-hour applied, and reservoir size. The specimens showed no visual signs of corrosion such as cracks or corrosion products that reached the concrete surface. The actual size of the corroding sites was unknown as the specimens were not terminated for forensic analysis. The size of the corroding sites could affect how much corrosion products are required to crack the concrete. It is speculated that the corrosion products in liquid form penetrated the pore structure but did not build up enough to cause cracks. No cracks or corrosion bleed outs were observed within the monitored propagation period of approximately 1600 days.
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Date Issued: 2020
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013634
Subject Headings: Concrete, Concrete bridges--Corrosion, Carbon steel
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Load distribution analyses of skew highway concrete bridges.
Creator: Tian, Xiaohong., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: Wheel load distribution on highway bridges is an important response parameter in determining structural member size and consequently the strength and serviceability of bridge members. It is, therefore, of critical importance in the design of new bridges and the evaluation of the load carrying capacity of existing bridges. The finite element method was used to carry out detailed analyses of different bridge types-solid slab bridges and slab-on-girder bridges with varying skew angles. The...
Show moreWheel load distribution on highway bridges is an important response parameter in determining structural member size and consequently the strength and serviceability of bridge members. It is, therefore, of critical importance in the design of new bridges and the evaluation of the load carrying capacity of existing bridges. The finite element method was used to carry out detailed analyses of different bridge types-solid slab bridges and slab-on-girder bridges with varying skew angles. The actual loads used in the bridge tests were modeled in the analysis. The available field test results for different skew bridges types viz., solid slab and slab-on-girder, were compared with the analytical values based on AASHTO, LRFD code and Finite Element Method. Important parameters such as beam spacing, span length, slab thickness, flexural rigidities of longitudinal and transverse girders, number of traffic lanes and total curb-to-curb deck width were identified in the load distribution of the skew bridges for varying skew angles.
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Date Issued: 1999
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15619
Subject Headings: Bridges, Concrete, Bridges--Live loads
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Analysis of blast/explosion resistant reinforced concrete solid slab and T-Beam bridges.
Creator: Abdelahad, Firas A., Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering
Abstract/Description: This study presents and illustrates a methodology to calculate the capacity of an existing reinforced concrete bridge under a non-conventional blast load due to low and intermediate pressures. ATBlast program is used to calculate the blast loads for known values of charge weight and stand off distance. An excel spreadsheet is generated to calculate ultimate resistance, equivalent elastic stiffness, equivalent elastic deflection, natural period of the beam, the maximum deflection, and the...
Show moreThis study presents and illustrates a methodology to calculate the capacity of an existing reinforced concrete bridge under a non-conventional blast load due to low and intermediate pressures. ATBlast program is used to calculate the blast loads for known values of charge weight and stand off distance. An excel spreadsheet is generated to calculate ultimate resistance, equivalent elastic stiffness, equivalent elastic deflection, natural period of the beam, the maximum deflection, and the maximum rotation in the support for a simple span solid slab and T-Beam bridges. The allowable rotation could be taken as to two degrees. Naval Facility Engineering Command (NAVFAC) approach was adopted, where the inputs were material properties, span length, and area of reinforcement. The use of the Fiber Reinforced Polymer for increasing the capacity of an existing bridge is also presented in this study. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the solid slab and T-Beam bridges under the assumed blast load.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/flaent/EN00154040/68_1/98p0132d.pdf, http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/58001
Subject Headings: Concrete beams, Vibration, Bridges, Concrete, Fatigue, Reinforced concrete construction, Bridges, Concrete, Design and construction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Experimental studies on flexural behavior of CFRP retrofitted concrete members.
Creator: Raghavachary, Sowrirajan., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The flexural behavior of rectangular concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminates was studied by varying the number of plates bonded to their bottom tensile face. The increases in strength and stiffness of the beams provided by the bonded plates, over control beam without CFRP plates, were evaluated. Failure loads of the beams were determined by the ACI strain compatibility method using a FORTRAN software developed for this purpose. The...
Show moreThe flexural behavior of rectangular concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminates was studied by varying the number of plates bonded to their bottom tensile face. The increases in strength and stiffness of the beams provided by the bonded plates, over control beam without CFRP plates, were evaluated. Failure loads of the beams were determined by the ACI strain compatibility method using a FORTRAN software developed for this purpose. The predicted collapsed load agrees reasonably well with the actual failure load. Precracked solid and voided slab bridge models retrofitted with varying number of CFRP laminates were used to evaluate their contribution to the flexural resistance. The increases in strength and stiffness of the retrofitted slabs were based on the deflections, strains and crack patterns at ultimate load. Theoretical analyses to predict the load-deflection behavior of the precracked sections were performed using PCFRAME software. The predicted values agree reasonably well with the experimental results.
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Date Issued: 1995
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15120
Subject Headings: Fiber reinforced plastics, Reinforced concrete, Fiber, Bridges, Concrete, Prestressed concrete, Concrete beams--Fatigue
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Feasibility study of a prestressed concrete double-tee bridge system for interstate highways.
Creator: Badve, Anil Pandurang., Florida Atlantic University, Reddy, Dronnadula V.
Abstract/Description: This dissertation is a study of 1:3.5 scale model of a two-span transversely and longitudinally post-tensioned continuous double-tee bridge system, representing a target bridge of 70 ft. span. Theoretical analysis was carried out for comparison using different modelling techniques, such as isotropic and orthotropic material behavior, and the load distribution theory. Behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, wheel load distributions, crack patterns and growth with...
Show moreThis dissertation is a study of 1:3.5 scale model of a two-span transversely and longitudinally post-tensioned continuous double-tee bridge system, representing a target bridge of 70 ft. span. Theoretical analysis was carried out for comparison using different modelling techniques, such as isotropic and orthotropic material behavior, and the load distribution theory. Behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, wheel load distributions, crack patterns and growth with increasing number of cycles of fatigue loading. The precast model beams were assembled and tested at the Department of Ocean Engineering, Florida Atlantic University. AASHTO HS20-44 truck loading was simulated by applying constant amplitude fatigue loading at typical locations. The study established the feasibility and structural adequacy of the precast prestressed concrete double-tee concept for short and medium span interstate highway bridges for use in Florida and elsewhere.
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Date Issued: 1989
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14513
Subject Headings: Prestressed concrete beams--Fatigue, Bridges, Concrete--Joints
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF JOINTS IN PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DOUBLE TEE BRIDGE SYSTEM.
Creator: RAO, VENKATESWARA B., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The feasibility of the use of double-tee beams in a bridge system is examined by conducting tests on a 1:3.5 scale model of a two-span transversely and longitudinally post-tensioned continuous double-tee beam system. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at typical locations simulating HS 20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, wheel load distributions, crack growth and patterns with increasing number of cycles...
Show moreThe feasibility of the use of double-tee beams in a bridge system is examined by conducting tests on a 1:3.5 scale model of a two-span transversely and longitudinally post-tensioned continuous double-tee beam system. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at typical locations simulating HS 20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, wheel load distributions, crack growth and patterns with increasing number of cycles of fatigue loading. A finite element analysis of the bridge system was done using plate and beam elements and results compared with experimental values.
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Date Issued: 1986
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14332
Subject Headings: Prestressed concrete beams--Fatigue, Bridges, Concrete--Joints
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: STOCHASTIC BRIDGE CONDITION DETERIORATION MODELS FOR CONCRETE AND TIMBER BRIDGES.
Creator: Srikanth, Ishwarya, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This dissertation presents methodologies to develop bridge condition deterioration models which accounts for non-stationarity in the deterioration process with applications to Florida concrete and timber bridges. A critical and comprehensive review of bridge deterioration modeling approaches is presented with illustrative examples based on regression, stochastic Markov-chain, mechanistic and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. This study also develops a framework for relating the...
Show moreThis dissertation presents methodologies to develop bridge condition deterioration models which accounts for non-stationarity in the deterioration process with applications to Florida concrete and timber bridges. A critical and comprehensive review of bridge deterioration modeling approaches is presented with illustrative examples based on regression, stochastic Markov-chain, mechanistic and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. This study also develops a framework for relating the qualitative National Bridge Inventory (NBI) condition ratings with normalized resistance of the concrete bridge component with application to concrete bridge T-beams to reduce the subjectivity of the NBI condition rating. A systematic approach for the prioritization of bridges for inspection is developed using the multivariate regression modeling technique, and forecasting models are developed based on multiple relevant variables for both concrete bridge superstructure and substructure components. This dissertation also develops an approach for risk and reliability assessments of concrete and timber bridges based on non-parametric deterioration modeling techniques such as average time-in condition rating (ATICR) and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival (reliability) models, for probabilistic prediction of bridge safety while accounting for the partial information from the incomplete bridge condition observations. This study develops relative deterioration rates based on the ATICR and illustrates the time-dependent probability of deterioration of the concrete and timber bridge components based on K-M estimates. Further, the relationship of explanatory variables to the survival time is discussed and estimates are made for the median survival years for reinforced concrete solid slab decks. This dissertation presents the code developed in R for multivariate regression analysis and data-driven reliability analysis. Future research studies in bridge deterioration modeling are also presented.
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Date Issued: 2021
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013764
Subject Headings: Bridges--Deterioration--Mathematical models, Concrete bridges, Wooden bridges, Bridges--Management--Data processing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Debond test of steel plate bonded with concrete exposed to harsh environment.
Creator: Tharitimanont, Pattanaphol., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: This study presents the experimental and theoretical studies on debond of steel bonded to concrete, which aids in understanding the mechanics of the repaired damaged prestressed concrete girders with externally bonded steel plates. The bond strength of bonded steel plate specimen is determined experimentally by the debond test. The initial crack is introduced in the specimens at three different locations, which include the steel/adhesive interface, adhesive through-thickness, and adhesive...
Show moreThis study presents the experimental and theoretical studies on debond of steel bonded to concrete, which aids in understanding the mechanics of the repaired damaged prestressed concrete girders with externally bonded steel plates. The bond strength of bonded steel plate specimen is determined experimentally by the debond test. The initial crack is introduced in the specimens at three different locations, which include the steel/adhesive interface, adhesive through-thickness, and adhesive/concrete interface. Certain debond test specimens are exposed to freeze/thaw and tidal cycles to evaluate the degradation in bond strength resulting from the environmental conditions. The fracture toughness for debonding would be evaluated and expressed as the critical strain energy release rate. A finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the compliance and stress distribution in the debond test specimens. Also, stress distribution of repaired AASHTO prestressed concrete bridge girders with metal sleeve splice was also determined at the interface of steel and concrete.
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Date Issued: 1999
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15681
Subject Headings: Bridges, Concrete--Testing, Prestressed concrete construction, Finite element method, Concrete--Environmental testing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Thermal response in Florida bridges.
Creator: Sandepudi, Krishna Srinivasa., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges are subjected to non-linear temperature variations leading to complex thermal stresses which vary continuously with time. Though these stresses are often comparable with those produced by live and dead loads, little guidance is given in bridge design codes on how these stresses are accurately computed. The objective of this project is to study the response of Florida bridges in the extreme thermal environment The project is divided into the...
Show moreReinforced and prestressed concrete bridges are subjected to non-linear temperature variations leading to complex thermal stresses which vary continuously with time. Though these stresses are often comparable with those produced by live and dead loads, little guidance is given in bridge design codes on how these stresses are accurately computed. The objective of this project is to study the response of Florida bridges in the extreme thermal environment The project is divided into the following four tasks i) Computer modeling of the bridge and estimation of the thermal response. ii) Field measurements of temperatures in typical bridges. iii) Comparison of observed and estimated data. iv) Suggestions and/or revisions to the existing thermal stress allowances in the code. A computer software FETAB was used to model and analyze the thermal response of several bridge cross sections. Two single cell box girder bridges, located at the 1-595 and US-441 interchange, Fort Lauderdale, were instrumented with thermocouples and vibrating wire strain gages. The predicted temperature variations were found to compare fairly well with those measured in the field. Though the analytical values vary a little from the actual field data, emphasis was given to gain insight into the problems associated with the thermal effects in concrete bridges. Suggestions were made for revision of existing design code provisions for improved design of bridges.
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Date Issued: 1991
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14759
Subject Headings: Bridges, Concrete--Thermal properties, Bridges, Concrete--Effect of temperature on, Thermal stresses
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Analytical and experimental studies on the static and fatigue behavior of precast prestressed concrete multibox beam bridge system.
Creator: Kozhikote, Ramkumar P., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The feasibility of the use of precast prestressed concrete multi-box beams with transverse post tensioning is examined for a medium span bridge system based on analytical and experimental studies on a 1:2.5 scale model. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at typical locations simulating HS20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The performance of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains in the concrete, wheel load distribution, and behavior of longitudinal...
Show moreThe feasibility of the use of precast prestressed concrete multi-box beams with transverse post tensioning is examined for a medium span bridge system based on analytical and experimental studies on a 1:2.5 scale model. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at typical locations simulating HS20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The performance of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains in the concrete, wheel load distribution, and behavior of longitudinal joints with increasing number of cycles of fatigue loading. A grillage analysis of the bridge system was carried out to predict the elastic behavior and the cracking moments and the results compared with the experimental values.
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Date Issued: 1989
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14512
Subject Headings: Prestressed concrete beams--Fatique, Bridges, Box girder, Box beams
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Polyethylene duct cracking in post-tensioning tendons of Florida segmental bridges.
Creator: Suarez, Jorge Alejandro, Florida Atlantic University, Hartt, William H., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: For the purpose of investigating the cause of duct cracking in post-tensioning tendons and improving the durability of this type of structure, a series of experiments was performed. These were divided in two groups, the first to simulate the state of stress inside the tendon ducts and the second to compare the properties of new materials approved according to new regulations on the subject and those used in the construction of the structures. A proposed mechanism of cracking was studied and...
Show moreFor the purpose of investigating the cause of duct cracking in post-tensioning tendons and improving the durability of this type of structure, a series of experiments was performed. These were divided in two groups, the first to simulate the state of stress inside the tendon ducts and the second to compare the properties of new materials approved according to new regulations on the subject and those used in the construction of the structures. A proposed mechanism of cracking was studied and its validity verified. According to simulations performed on specimens that were fabricated and others developed by the finite element method, new major factors were found to explain the duct failure. Finally, a comparison of mechanical properties indicated a difference between virgin and aged materials.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13071
Subject Headings: Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, Bridges--Florida, Polyethylene
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Ultimate load, creep, shrinkage, and reliability studies of a precast single cell segmental bridge with external post-tensioning.
Creator: Murugesh, Ganapathy., Florida Atlantic University, Reddy, Dronnadula V., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: This dissertation is a study of a 1:3.5 scale model of an externally post-tensioned single cell segmental bridge model of the Long Key bridge. The behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains, joint openings, etc. under static and ultimate load conditions. The precast segmental bridge was cast, assembled, and tested at the Department of Ocean Engineering, Florida Atlantic University for AASHTO HS20-44 truck loadings at typical locations. The study addressed the...
Show moreThis dissertation is a study of a 1:3.5 scale model of an externally post-tensioned single cell segmental bridge model of the Long Key bridge. The behavior of the bridge system was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains, joint openings, etc. under static and ultimate load conditions. The precast segmental bridge was cast, assembled, and tested at the Department of Ocean Engineering, Florida Atlantic University for AASHTO HS20-44 truck loadings at typical locations. The study addressed the joint opening behavior and the response of external tendons during service and ultimate load levels. The analytical nonlinear behavior of the bridge upto the ultimate load level has been predicted using a finite element software PCFRAME developed at University of California, Berkeley. Creep and shrinkage strains were predicted using computer program CRACK developed at University of Calgary, Canada. Creep and shrinkage coefficients evaluated from short term tests, were used in predicting the long term behavior. A method for reliability analysis of post-tensioned segmental bridges has also been presented for serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions.
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Date Issued: 1991
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14709
Subject Headings: Precast concrete construction--Testing, Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction--Testing, Bridges, Concrete--Models
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Analytical studies of concrete double-tee bridge system prestressed with FRP materials.
Creator: Qiao, Pizhong., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The finite element analyses of the concrete bridge system and single double-tee beams are carried out using both orthotropic and isotropic modeling including linear and nonlinear behavior. The orthotropic concrete double-tee bridge system is modeled to predict the deformational behavior of bridge deck under the AASHTO service loading conditions in the static regimes. The nonlinear analyses of reinforced and prestressed concrete rectangular beams are also carried out to verify the validity of...
Show moreThe finite element analyses of the concrete bridge system and single double-tee beams are carried out using both orthotropic and isotropic modeling including linear and nonlinear behavior. The orthotropic concrete double-tee bridge system is modeled to predict the deformational behavior of bridge deck under the AASHTO service loading conditions in the static regimes. The nonlinear analyses of reinforced and prestressed concrete rectangular beams are also carried out to verify the validity of modeling. Both the linear and nonlinear finite element analyses for single double-tee beams prestressed with FRP materials are carried out in this study. In this research, the MARC finite element software on the VAX frame is used as a tool to carry out the analyses.
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Date Issued: 1993
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14936
Subject Headings: Finite element method, Fiber reinforced plastic, Bridges, Concrete--Floors, Prestressed concrete beams
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Creep and shrinkage effects on integral abutment bridges.
Creator: Munuswamy, Sivakumar., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: Integral abutment bridges provide bridge engineers an economical design alternative to traditional bridges with expansion joints owing to the benefits, arising from elimination of expensive joints installation and reduced maintenance cost. The superstructure for integral abutment bridges is cast integrally with abutments. Time-dependent effects of creep, shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of prestressing steel, temperature gradient, restraints provided by abutment foundation and backfill and...
Show moreIntegral abutment bridges provide bridge engineers an economical design alternative to traditional bridges with expansion joints owing to the benefits, arising from elimination of expensive joints installation and reduced maintenance cost. The superstructure for integral abutment bridges is cast integrally with abutments. Time-dependent effects of creep, shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of prestressing steel, temperature gradient, restraints provided by abutment foundation and backfill and statical indeterminacy of the structure introduce time-dependent variations in the redundant forces. An analytical model and numerical procedure to predict instantaneous linear behavior and non-linear time dependent long-term behavior of continuous composite superstructure are developed in which the redundant forces in the integral abutment bridges are derived considering the time-dependent effects. The redistributions of moments due to time-dependent effects have been considered in the analysis. The analysis includes nonlinearity due to cracking of the concrete, as well as the time-dependent deformations. American Concrete Institute (ACI) and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) models for creep and shrinkage are considered in modeling the time dependent material behavior. The variations in the material property of the cross-section corresponding to the constituent materials are incorporated and age-adjusted effective modulus method with relaxation procedure is followed to include the creep behavior of concrete. The partial restraint provided by the abutment-pile-soil system is modeled using discrete spring stiffness as translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Numerical simulation of the behavior is carried out on continuous composite integral abutment bridges and the deformations and stresses due to time-dependent effects due to typical sustained loads are computed. The results from the analytical model are compared with the published laboratory experimental and field data. The behavior of the laterally loaded piles supporting the integral abutments is evaluated and presented in terms of the lateral deflection, bending moment, shear force and stress along the pile depth.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12067
Subject Headings: Bridges--Abutments, Concrete--Creep, Concrete--Expansion and contraction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Behavior of precast single-cell segmental box bridges with external post-tensioning subjected to cyclic loading and temperature changes.
Creator: Sinha, Vikas., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The behavior of a precast single-cell segmental box bridge with external post-tensioning is studied based on a 1:3.5 scale model of the Long Key bridge in the Florida Keys. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at a critical location simulating HS20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The performance of the bridge model was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains in concrete and across the joints, and behavior of joints between the segments with increasing number of cycles of...
Show moreThe behavior of a precast single-cell segmental box bridge with external post-tensioning is studied based on a 1:3.5 scale model of the Long Key bridge in the Florida Keys. Constant amplitude fatigue loading was applied on the model at a critical location simulating HS20-44 AASHTO truck loading. The performance of the bridge model was evaluated in terms of deflections, strains in concrete and across the joints, and behavior of joints between the segments with increasing number of cycles of fatigue loading. Thermal response of the bridge model was also studied using finite element analysis and the predicted temperature distributions were compared with the experimental values.
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Date Issued: 1991
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14729
Subject Headings: Precast concrete construction--Fatigue, Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction--Fatigue, Bridges, Box girder, Strains and stresses
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Feasibility of using carbon fiber reinforced plastic tendons in prestressed concrete Double-Tee bridge system.
Creator: Zhuang, Ming., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: One of the major problems the construction industry faces today is corrosion of reinforcing and prestressing steel, which significantly affects the durability of concrete structures. Fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) are highly regarded as prospective replacement for steel in prestressed concrete structures under corrosive environment. This investigation was conducted to establish the feasibility of using Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) cables as reinforcing/prestressing elements in concrete...
Show moreOne of the major problems the construction industry faces today is corrosion of reinforcing and prestressing steel, which significantly affects the durability of concrete structures. Fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) are highly regarded as prospective replacement for steel in prestressed concrete structures under corrosive environment. This investigation was conducted to establish the feasibility of using Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) cables as reinforcing/prestressing elements in concrete bridge structures. Besides investigating durability of CFC cables and pretensioned concrete beams with CFC cables in adverse environments (alkali and seawater), flexure and shear tests were performed on single Double-Tee beams, together with service load behavior, fatigue strength and ultimate load capacity tests on a half scale model Double-Tee girder bridge system prestressed with CFC cables. Exposure to seawater and alkali environments has no adverse effect on the strength of the CFRP tendons as well as the pretensioned beams with CFRP. Based on the flexural strength tests on Double-Tee beams, the bond between CFRP tendons and concrete is satisfactory. The Double-Tee bridge system exhibited good fatigue resistance and adequate ductility under ultimate load conditions. The ultimate load capacity of the bridge is approximately three times the service load corresponding to two HS20-44 trucks and equals 2.4 times the first crack load. Finite element analyses were carried out to predict elastic deformations and collapse load of the Double-Tee bridge prestressed with CFC cables. Feasibility of using CFC cables in bridge structures is assessed based on the experimental and analytical parameters such as deflections, strains, crack distributions and crack widths.
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Date Issued: 1996
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12465
Subject Headings: Carbon fibers, Composite construction, Fiber reinforced plastics, Bridges, Iron and steel, Reinforced concrete construction, Prestressed concrete construction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Microcomputer and exsysp based expert system for selection and design of retaining structures.
Creator: Sinha, Anuradha., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: The automation of retaining structure selection and design by utilizing artificial intelligence tools is presented herein. The study involved the development of a microcomputer based expert system, RESTEX (REtaining STructure EXpert). The modules of the expert systems RETAININGEARTH, with M.1 knowledge base, and REFLEXYS have been updated and the resulting RESTEX modules are written in C using Exsys Professional for high speed and efficient utilization of memory. RESTEX is an interactive menu...
Show moreThe automation of retaining structure selection and design by utilizing artificial intelligence tools is presented herein. The study involved the development of a microcomputer based expert system, RESTEX (REtaining STructure EXpert). The modules of the expert systems RETAININGEARTH, with M.1 knowledge base, and REFLEXYS have been updated and the resulting RESTEX modules are written in C using Exsys Professional for high speed and efficient utilization of memory. RESTEX is an interactive menu-driven system consisting of modules for Structure Selection, Preliminary Design, Soils Classification, Stability Analysis, and Reinforcement Design. The system is capable of performing selection, analysis, and design of gravity walls, cantilever walls, counterfort walls, reinforced earth, gabion, cantilever and anchored sheet piles.
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Date Issued: 1993
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14937
Subject Headings: Precast concrete construction--Fatigue, Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction--Fatigue, Bridges, Box girder, Strains and stresses
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Fatigue behavior of corrosion notched weathering steel samples.
Creator: Chen, Di, Granata, Richard D., Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: Weathering steel has been a primary construction material for bridges in the United States. Notches caused by corrosion are observed on the flange of steel I-beams. These notches reduce the cross section area of the structure and are threats to bridge safety. A606-04 Type 4 cold rolled weathering steel samples were studied in this thesis to understand the effect of notches that caused by corrosion. Weathering steel samples were in the shape of plates, which simulated flange of I-beams. The...
Show moreWeathering steel has been a primary construction material for bridges in the United States. Notches caused by corrosion are observed on the flange of steel I-beams. These notches reduce the cross section area of the structure and are threats to bridge safety. A606-04 Type 4 cold rolled weathering steel samples were studied in this thesis to understand the effect of notches that caused by corrosion. Weathering steel samples were in the shape of plates, which simulated flange of I-beams. The plate samples were notched across their surfaces by applying electrical current through an electrochemical circuit composed of an anode, a cathode and electrolyte. Sixteen samples were notched and cut into appropriate shape for fatigue testing. S-N (Stress-Number of cycles to failure) diagram established from fatigue data indicated that the fatigue strength decreased below AASHTO category B. Weibull analysis was also performed to understand the reliability distribution.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004092, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004092
Subject Headings: Iron and steel bridges -- Corrosion, Protective coatings -- Evaluation, Reinforced concrete construction, Steel -- Fatigue, Steel, Structural -- Corrosion
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The role of polyethylene duct cracking in the failure of post-tensioned cables in Florida segmental bridges.
Creator: David, Florent Martin., Florida Atlantic University, Hartt, William H.
Abstract/Description: During the past several decades, segmental construction using precast sections has evolved as a preferred design and construction method for bridges. The tendons used to hold the precast sections together are comprised of cables surrounded by a plastic duct filled with grout. Cracking of the tendon's protective plastic duct has been observed in several Florida bridges. An experimental investigation was performed to characterize the material properties of the high density polyethylene ducts...
Show moreDuring the past several decades, segmental construction using precast sections has evolved as a preferred design and construction method for bridges. The tendons used to hold the precast sections together are comprised of cables surrounded by a plastic duct filled with grout. Cracking of the tendon's protective plastic duct has been observed in several Florida bridges. An experimental investigation was performed to characterize the material properties of the high density polyethylene ducts used in the past and those being specified nowadays. The degree of cure of the resin, the results of three-point bending tests for unnotched and notched specimens, the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the deformation of a tendon as a function of temperature changes were studied. The effects of the grouting pressure and the void presence in the grout were quantified and the pressurization period was shown to affect significantly the pipe strain.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12999
Subject Headings: Pipe, Plastic--Testing, Bridges--Florida, Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Static, fatigue and ultimate load behavior of bridges prestressed with advanced composite materials.
Creator: Sandepudi, Krishna Srinivasa., Florida Atlantic University, Arockiasamy, Madasamy, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Abstract/Description: One of the major problems the construction industry faces today is low corrosion resistance of reinforcing and prestressing steel, which significantly affects the durability of concrete structures. Theoretically Advanced Composite Materials (ACM) can successfully be used in concrete structures, in lieu of steel, as reinforcing and/or prestressing elements, owing to high tensile strength, immunity towards corrosion, low Young's modulus, light weight and high fatigue resistance. Very little...
Show moreOne of the major problems the construction industry faces today is low corrosion resistance of reinforcing and prestressing steel, which significantly affects the durability of concrete structures. Theoretically Advanced Composite Materials (ACM) can successfully be used in concrete structures, in lieu of steel, as reinforcing and/or prestressing elements, owing to high tensile strength, immunity towards corrosion, low Young's modulus, light weight and high fatigue resistance. Very little experimental and performance data are available on the properties of ACM and their application in concrete structures. Thus, to ensure safety of the structures, accurate assessment and continuous performance monitoring of the ACM together with the structure have to be made with an option of active and/or passive structural control. This investigation is aimed to establish the feasibility of using Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) cables as reinforcing/prestressing elements in concrete bridge structures. Besides investigating the durability of the AFRP cables in adverse environments (alkali and seawater), static and ultimate load tests were performed on a Double-Tee beam and three rectangular beams together with static, fatigue and ultimate load tests on a half scale model Double-Tee bridge system prestressed with AFRP. The AFRP specimens exposed to alkali and seawater for 900 hours retained 88% of the average failure strength of control specimens. Large deformations at ultimate conditions and good fatigue resistance were observed in the experimental studies. A computer code, FRPFLEX, was developed to perform flexural analysis of beams prestressed/reinforced with the ACM. An incremental, stiffness augmented non-linear analysis was performed using grillage analogy to assess static flexural behavior of Double-Tee bridge system. Analytical results showed good correlation with experimental findings. An active deformation/vibration control model is suggested, which can be incorporated in prototype bridges for safety and performance data evaluation. Feasibility of the use of the AFRP cables in bridge structures is assessed based on the experimental and analytical parameters such as deflections, strains, crack distributions, crack widths and energy considerations.
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Date Issued: 1995
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12414
Subject Headings: Prestressed concrete construction, Steel--Fatigue, Bridges--Fatigue, Fiber reinforced plastics
Format: Document (PDF)

Fiber reinforced plastics (4)	+ -
Prestressed concrete construction (4)	+ -
Bridges, Box girder (3)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete (3)	+ -
Reinforced concrete construction (3)	+ -

Bridges, Concrete--Joints (2)	+ -
Bridges--Florida (2)	+ -
Finite element method (2)	+ -
Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction (2)	+ -
Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction--Fatigue (2)	+ -
Precast concrete construction--Fatigue (2)	+ -
Prestressed concrete beams--Fatigue (2)	+ -
Strains and stresses (2)	+ -
ANSYS (Computer system) (1)	+ -
Box beams (1)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete--Effect of temperature on (1)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete--Floors (1)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete--Models (1)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete--Testing (1)	+ -
Bridges, Concrete--Thermal properties (1)	+ -
Bridges, Iron and steel (1)	+ -
Bridges--Abutments (1)	+ -
Bridges--Design and construction (1)	+ -
Bridges--Deterioration--Mathematical models (1)	+ -
Bridges--Fatigue (1)	+ -
Bridges--Live loads (1)	+ -
Bridges--Management--Data processing (1)	+ -
Carbon composites (1)	+ -
Carbon fibers (1)	+ -
Carbon steel (1)	+ -

Florida Atlantic University (21)	+ -
College of Engineering and Computer Science (19)	+ -
Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering (17)	+ -
Arockiasamy, Madasamy (14)	+ -
Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering (2)	+ -

Hartt, William H. (2)	+ -
Reddy, Dronnadula V. (2)	+ -
Sandepudi, Krishna Srinivasa. (2)	+ -
Abdelahad, Firas A. (1)	+ -
Badve, Anil Pandurang. (1)	+ -
Chen, Di (1)	+ -
David, Florent Martin. (1)	+ -
Granata, Richard D. (1)	+ -
Hoque, Kazi Naimul (1)	+ -
Kozhikote, Ramkumar P. (1)	+ -
Munuswamy, Sivakumar. (1)	+ -
Murugesh, Ganapathy. (1)	+ -
Presuel-Moreno, Francisco (1)	+ -
Qiao, Pizhong. (1)	+ -
Qu, Rong. (1)	+ -
RAO, VENKATESWARA B. (1)	+ -
Raghavachary, Sowrirajan. (1)	+ -
Sinha, Anuradha. (1)	+ -
Sinha, Vikas. (1)	+ -
Srikanth, Ishwarya (1)	+ -
Suarez, Jorge Alejandro (1)	+ -
Tharitimanont, Pattanaphol. (1)	+ -
Tian, Xiaohong. (1)	+ -
Zhuang, Ming. (1)	+ -

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