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GENDER, N170 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL, AND IMPLICIT RACIAL BIAS
Title
GENDER, N170 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL, AND IMPLICIT RACIAL BIAS.
Creator
Heerdegen, Dieter, Anzures, Gizelle, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
To better understand the N170 event related potential (ERP), we examined how factors such as participant gender and implicit racial bias might reflect upon amplitude and latency. White male (18) and female (34) participants performed an implicit association test (IAT) and Simple viewing EEG task with own-race White and other-race Asian faces. We were able to make several conclusions from the data. (1a) Participants generally showed an implicit racial bias favoring their own race group. (1b)...
Show moreTo better understand the N170 event related potential (ERP), we examined how factors such as participant gender and implicit racial bias might reflect upon amplitude and latency. White male (18) and female (34) participants performed an implicit association test (IAT) and Simple viewing EEG task with own-race White and other-race Asian faces. We were able to make several conclusions from the data. (1a) Participants generally showed an implicit racial bias favoring their own race group. (1b) The degree of this implicit racial bias did not differ between male and female participants. (2) Male, compared to female, participants expressed longer N170 latencies but similar amplitudes. (3) Lower compared to higher levels of implicit racial bias did not appear to influence the N170. (4) Participant gender, stimulus race, and implicit racial bias did not interact to influence the N170.
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Date Issued
2023
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014210
Subject Headings
Evoked Potentials, Racial bias, Bias, Implicit
Format
Document (PDF)
Role of Attachment Orientation in the Perception of Support Provision
Title
Role of Attachment Orientation in the Perception of Support Provision.
Creator
Yurchyshyn, Liliya, Maniaci, Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
We examined how adult attachment styles influence human perception of support provision. We invited 119 couples to the lab, where they performed an exploration task. We also used pre- and post-exploration measures, including assessing adult attachment styles and partners' perception of support provided during the task. Three independent coders watched the videos of couples interacting and rated partners' support provision behavior. We utilized West and Kenny's (2011) truth and bias model to...
Show moreWe examined how adult attachment styles influence human perception of support provision. We invited 119 couples to the lab, where they performed an exploration task. We also used pre- and post-exploration measures, including assessing adult attachment styles and partners' perception of support provided during the task. Three independent coders watched the videos of couples interacting and rated partners' support provision behavior. We utilized West and Kenny's (2011) truth and bias model to compare judgments (partners' perception of support received during the exploration task) with so-defined truth (combined rankings from coders). We used regression analysis to investigate how attachment orientation moderates the perception of support provision. On average, individuals tended to over-perceive helpfulness and under-perceive intrusiveness. Attachment avoidance was not a significant predictor of directional bias for helpfulness and intrusiveness. Results for the second exploratory hypothesis show those higher on attachment anxiety to have a weaker bias in underperceiving intrusiveness.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014039
Subject Headings
Attachment behavior, Bias, Perception
Format
Document (PDF)
UNDERSTANDING THE OTHER-RACE EFFECT THROUGH EYE-TRACKING, EXPERIENCE, AND IMPLICIT BIAS
Title
UNDERSTANDING THE OTHER-RACE EFFECT THROUGH EYE-TRACKING, EXPERIENCE, AND IMPLICIT BIAS.
Creator
Soethe, Elizabeth, Anzures, Gizelle, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Face perception and recognition abilities develop throughout childhood and differences in viewing own-race and other-race faces have been found in both children (Hu et al., 2014) and adults (Blais et al., 2008). In addition, implicit biases have been found in children as young as six (Baron & Banaji, 2006) and have been found to influence face recognition (Bernstein, Young, & Hugenberg, 2007). The current study aimed to understand how gaze behaviors, implicit biases, and other-race experience...
Show moreFace perception and recognition abilities develop throughout childhood and differences in viewing own-race and other-race faces have been found in both children (Hu et al., 2014) and adults (Blais et al., 2008). In addition, implicit biases have been found in children as young as six (Baron & Banaji, 2006) and have been found to influence face recognition (Bernstein, Young, & Hugenberg, 2007). The current study aimed to understand how gaze behaviors, implicit biases, and other-race experience contribute to the other-race effect and their developmental effects. Caucasian children’s (5-10 years of age) and young adults’ scanning behaviors were recorded during an old/new recognition task using Asian and Caucasian faces. Participants also completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a race experience questionnaire. Results found an own-race bias in both children and adults. Only adult’s IAT scores were significantly different from zero, indicating an implicit bias. Participants had a greater number of eye to eye fixations for Caucasian faces, in comparison to Asian faces and eye to eye fixations were greater in adults during encoding phases. Additionally, increased nose looking times were observed with age. Central attention to the nose may be indicative of a more holistic viewing strategy implemented by adults and older children. Participants spent longer looking at the mouth of Asian faces during encoding and test for older children and adults, but younger children spent longer looking at own-race mouths during recognition. Correlations between scanning patterns and implicit biases, and experience difference scores were also observed. Both social and perceptual factors seem to influence looking behaviors for own- and other-race faces and are undergoing changes during childhood.
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Date Issued
2020
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013636
Subject Headings
Bias, Discrimination, Eye tracking, Face perception
Format
Document (PDF)
P100 AND N170 RESPONSES TO RACE: DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH CONTACT AND IMPLICIT BIAS
Title
P100 AND N170 RESPONSES TO RACE: DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH CONTACT AND IMPLICIT BIAS.
Creator
Fennell, Eli, Anzures, Gizelle, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Racial bias remains a prevalent issue in society. Clues to the cognitive basis for such biases have been found in EEG studies of the ‘Other Race Effect’ (ORE) in relation to the P100 and N170 event related potentials (ERPs). Previous research in this area has focused on adults, and only one such study has looked at implicit racial biases (He et al., 2009), while only a few have looked at experience with own- and other-race persons (Herzmann et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2008; Walker et al.,...
Show moreRacial bias remains a prevalent issue in society. Clues to the cognitive basis for such biases have been found in EEG studies of the ‘Other Race Effect’ (ORE) in relation to the P100 and N170 event related potentials (ERPs). Previous research in this area has focused on adults, and only one such study has looked at implicit racial biases (He et al., 2009), while only a few have looked at experience with own- and other-race persons (Herzmann et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2008; Walker et al., 2008). The present study is the first to examine how race might modulate ERP responses in children, and the first to relate these responses with both implicit racial biases and race contact experience. We examined EEG responses in 5- to 10-year-old children and adults, and whether such responses were associated with implicit racial biases and own- and other-race experience. Results showed that both children and adults displayed larger P100 and N170 responses to other-race faces, greater implicit racial biases related to larger N170 responses to other- than own-race faces, and greater other-race experience related to larger P100 responses to other- than own-race faces. In terms of age differences, we found that compared with adults, children displayed larger and more delayed P100 and N170 responses, and that in children but not in adults, greater experience with own- and other-races were associated with more delayed N170 responses to other- than own-race faces. These findings suggest that age, experience with own- and other-race persons, and implicit racial biases all influence early ERP responses to own- and other-race individuals.
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Date Issued
2019
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013371
Subject Headings
Racism, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Racial bias, Electroencephalography
Format
Document (PDF)
The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes
Title
The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes.
Creator
Williams, Joseph Michael, Vallacher, Robin, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
How do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g.,...
Show moreHow do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g., the intentions of the individuals), they are conscious of their biases and can suppress them in favor of less prejudicial judgments. White and Black participants read or listened to an ambiguous inter-racial conflict narrative, then allocated responsibility for the conflict and rated the protagonists’ personalities. The results showed the defendants were rated as more responsible when rated more positively for personality and affective reaction. Methodological reasons for the direction of the relationship are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.
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Date Issued
2018
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013175
Subject Headings
Attitude (Psychology), Subconsciousness--Social aspects, Racial bias, Implicit attitude
Format
Document (PDF)
The Assessment of Functional Abilities in the Diagnosis of MCI and Dementia in a Culturally Diverse Sample
Title
The Assessment of Functional Abilities in the Diagnosis of MCI and Dementia in a Culturally Diverse Sample.
Creator
Arruda, Fernanda Ponce de Leon, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Previous studies suggested that the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ-10) has minimal ethnic bias and that a shorter version (FAQ-6) can equally diagnose MCI and dementia. Objective: We analyzed whether FAQ-6 is similar to FAQ-10 in diagnosing MCI and dementia. We examined their applicability across European Americans (EA) and Hispanic Americans, and how scores correlated to beta amyloid. Method: 222 participants (116 EA) completed a neuropsychological battery, FAQ, and PET scans, and...
Show morePrevious studies suggested that the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ-10) has minimal ethnic bias and that a shorter version (FAQ-6) can equally diagnose MCI and dementia. Objective: We analyzed whether FAQ-6 is similar to FAQ-10 in diagnosing MCI and dementia. We examined their applicability across European Americans (EA) and Hispanic Americans, and how scores correlated to beta amyloid. Method: 222 participants (116 EA) completed a neuropsychological battery, FAQ, and PET scans, and were classified as cognitively normal (CN), MCI, or dementia. The diagnostic capacity of FAQ-10 and FAQ-6 were compared for the total sample and across ethnic groups. Scores were correlated to beta amyloid. Results: Both versions showed good item discrimination. Ethnicity did not affect scores when controlling for diagnosis and education. Both versions classified CN and dementia, and positively correlated to beta amyloid. Conclusions: Results suggest FAQ-6 and FAQ-10 similarly predict diagnosis and is adequate in these ethnic groups.
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Date Issued
2018
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013141
Subject Headings
Dementia--diagnosis, Cognitive Dysfunction--diagnosis, Bias, Functional assessment
Format
Document (PDF)
THE EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT BIAS IN SIMULATED POLICE-COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS: A PILOT STUDY
Title
THE EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT BIAS IN SIMULATED POLICE-COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS: A PILOT STUDY.
Creator
Gardner, Scott Evan, Fallik, Seth, Florida Atlantic University, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, College of Social Work and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
High-profile police use-of-force events, like the deaths of Trevon Martin, Freddie Gray, Alton Sterling, and George Floyd, have increased scrutiny towards law enforcement, and many believe that racial disparities in the justice system are caused by biased decision-making. The subsequent protests and civil unrest have furthered the divide between the police and members of the public, which has damaged police legitimacy and led to depolicing and militarization. This study pilot tests the impact...
Show moreHigh-profile police use-of-force events, like the deaths of Trevon Martin, Freddie Gray, Alton Sterling, and George Floyd, have increased scrutiny towards law enforcement, and many believe that racial disparities in the justice system are caused by biased decision-making. The subsequent protests and civil unrest have furthered the divide between the police and members of the public, which has damaged police legitimacy and led to depolicing and militarization. This study pilot tests the impact of implicit bias on decision-making for a student sample with a decision-making simulator and an experimental design with random assignment. Simulated police-public contacts, substantively, were found to be very complex and largely guided by legal factors; however, stressful stimuli can affect decision-making. The forthcoming protocol and methodology, moreover, provide insight to decision-making and create a framework to guide future research.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013988
Subject Headings
Discrimination, Bias, Decision making, Police-community relations
Format
Document (PDF)
Fattitude The Movie: Theory and Praxis of Creating a Documentary that Examines Fat Representation and Fat Social Justice
Title
Fattitude The Movie: Theory and Praxis of Creating a Documentary that Examines Fat Representation and Fat Social Justice.
Creator
Averill, Lindsey, Caputi, Jane, Hagood, Taylor, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Center for Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies
Abstract/Description
This dissertation explores the making of and research for the film, Fattitude, a social justice based documentary that looks to awaken viewers to the reality of weight bias in media representation. This dissertation reviews the filmmaking process and then engages with the nature of stereotypes about fat bodies. Deeply tied to feminist and fat studies theory, the work here seeks to categorize and shape the understanding of weight bias in the media by linking fat tropes to clearly understood...
Show moreThis dissertation explores the making of and research for the film, Fattitude, a social justice based documentary that looks to awaken viewers to the reality of weight bias in media representation. This dissertation reviews the filmmaking process and then engages with the nature of stereotypes about fat bodies. Deeply tied to feminist and fat studies theory, the work here seeks to categorize and shape the understanding of weight bias in the media by linking fat tropes to clearly understood images of oppression, for example the monstrous, the fool, they hypersexual and the asexual. The work also seeks to present theory on the nature of creating media representations of fatness that are not oppressive – making note of current media created by grassroots movements for body acceptance and fat positivity.
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Date Issued
2017
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004900, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004900
Subject Headings
Fattitude., Body image--Social aspects., Discrimination against overweight persons., Feminine beauty (Aesthetics), Obesity., Body image in women., Self-esteem in women., Physical-appearance-based bias.
Format
Document (PDF)