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TRIAL-BY-TRIAL VS. BLOCK METHODS OF CUING AUDITORY SIGNAL PROBABILITIES WITH NAIVE SUBJECTS
Title
TRIAL-BY-TRIAL VS. BLOCK METHODS OF CUING AUDITORY SIGNAL PROBABILITIES WITH NAIVE SUBJECTS.
Creator
MORRIS, CHARLES D., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Twenty-four naive human Ss were run in an auditory signal detection task examining two hypotheses. 1) Naive Ss can produce data consistent with the theoretical assumptions of normality and equal variance of the underlying distributions. ROC curves on double-probability paper were found to be generally supportive of these assumptions as indicated by their linearity and slope. 2) The "trial-by-trial" method more evenly distributes the effect of nonsensory variables, providing less variable...
Show moreTwenty-four naive human Ss were run in an auditory signal detection task examining two hypotheses. 1) Naive Ss can produce data consistent with the theoretical assumptions of normality and equal variance of the underlying distributions. ROC curves on double-probability paper were found to be generally supportive of these assumptions as indicated by their linearity and slope. 2) The "trial-by-trial" method more evenly distributes the effect of nonsensory variables, providing less variable estimates of d' and S than does the "block" method. No differences were found in mean d' values although the "trial-by-trial" method produced less variable estimates. The ''block" method produced somewhat better orderings of individual, but not mean, beta values across probability levels. It is concluded that further use of naive Ss in signal detection paradigms permissible and that the "trial-by-trial" method is preferable for obtaining stable estimates of d', but not for obtaining appropriate orderings of beta.
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Date Issued
1973
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13594
Subject Headings
Auditory perception, Signal detection (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Neural Correlates of Auditory Perception, Attention and Expectation
Title
Neural Correlates of Auditory Perception, Attention and Expectation.
Creator
Zanto, Theodore P., Florida Atlantic University, Large, Edward W., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
This dissertation examined the neural correlates of auditory perception, attention and expectation in three experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed neural correlates of auditory perception and expectation in an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment using a temporally perturbed metronome to establish an expectation for auditory events, then violate and reestablish that expectation. High frequency evoked (phase-locked) gamma band activity (GBA) was observed to follow the onset of tones whereas...
Show moreThis dissertation examined the neural correlates of auditory perception, attention and expectation in three experiments. Experiment 1 analyzed neural correlates of auditory perception and expectation in an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment using a temporally perturbed metronome to establish an expectation for auditory events, then violate and reestablish that expectation. High frequency evoked (phase-locked) gamma band activity (GBA) was observed to follow the onset of tones whereas induced (nonphase- locked) GBA reached maximum power simultaneously with the occurrence oftone onset. Moreover, the latency of induced GBA was perturbed after an expectancy violation and relaxed back into synchrony as the expectation was reestablished. Experiment 2 was a methodological study to compare two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRJ) scanning techniques and assess their influence on auditory processing. Subjects passively listened to isochronous tone sequences at three rates while sparse or continuous scanning was employed. Sparse and continuous scanning was observed to yield comparable fMRI data, however, continuous scanner notse was observed to perturb known EEG evoked response potentials. Moreover, high frequency evoked activity, as identified by spectral analysis, was attenuated in the presence of continuous fMRl noise. Experiment 3 was conducted to study auditory expectancy and attention. First, subjects were tested behaviorally to determine their ability to tap the beat of ten highly syncopated patterns. Subjects were asked to return for one EEG and one fMRl session. In these sessions, they were instructed to attend to a syncopated pattern, mentally rehearse the pattern, and then reproduce the pattern. During the control condition, subjects heard the auditory patterns, however, they were instructed to study a list of words, remember the words during the retention interval, and then recall as many words as possible. Brain activity was localized to frontal and auditory regions when attending to the patterns and occipital-auditory areas when attending to the words. Evoked activity was shown to reflect the subject's anticipation of the beat and was attenuated when ignoring the auditory stimulus. Taken together, these results suggest that GBA indexes auditory perception, attention and expectation. The current results suggest that attention and task engagement may elicit stronger neural phase locking.
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Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000885
Subject Headings
Electrophysiology, Auditory evoked response, Electroencephalography, Auditory perception, Intersensory effects, Auditory pathways
Format
Document (PDF)
Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements
Title
Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements.
Creator
Cook, Mandy L. H., Varela, Rene A., Goldstein, Juli D., McCulloch, Stephen D., Bossart, Gregory D., Finneran, James J., Houser, Dorian, Mann, David A., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2796070
Subject Headings
Beaked whales, Sonar, Auditory Perception --physiology, Marine animals --Vocalization, Echolocation (Physiology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Exploring Diachronic Change in the Population-Specific Vocalizations of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Title
Exploring Diachronic Change in the Population-Specific Vocalizations of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Creator
Halloran, Andrew R., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Chimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans)...
Show moreChimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans). These factors can act as a catalyst for punctuated diachronic change. A vocal survey was performed on two groups of chimpanzees who had been separated from each other two years prior to the research. The results of the survey revealed significant differences between the two groups' vocalizations. These results make a case for diachronic change in chimpanzee vocalizations, the seed of population-specific calls.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000982
Subject Headings
Chimpanzees--Vocalization, Auditory perception, Linguistic change--Study and teaching, Vocalization, Animal
Format
Document (PDF)
Auditory event-related potentials (P300) in the assessment of cognition in HIV infected children
Title
Auditory event-related potentials (P300) in the assessment of cognition in HIV infected children.
Creator
Starratt, Gerene K., Florida Atlantic University, Nash, Allan J.
Abstract/Description
The P300 component of the auditory event-related potential waveform was investigated in two groups of HIV positive children (symptomatic and asymptomatic) who were compared to HIV negative relatives. Results demonstrated the expected increased latencies of the P3b component in the symptomatic group, but no P3a latency differences. Amplitude measures of P3a and P3b showed no group differences. However, the symptomatic children had relatively larger P3a amplitudes whereas the asymptomatic...
Show moreThe P300 component of the auditory event-related potential waveform was investigated in two groups of HIV positive children (symptomatic and asymptomatic) who were compared to HIV negative relatives. Results demonstrated the expected increased latencies of the P3b component in the symptomatic group, but no P3a latency differences. Amplitude measures of P3a and P3b showed no group differences. However, the symptomatic children had relatively larger P3a amplitudes whereas the asymptomatic children had a larger P3b. Difference measures (P3b minus P3a) revealed a significant difference across groups. Discussion focuses on three interrelated issues: (1) the cognitive mechanisms which could account for the current findings, (2) the relevance of a symptomatic/asymptomatic distinction and a P3a/P3b distinction for the purposes of clinical research, and (3) the clinical implications of these findings.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15306
Subject Headings
Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Auditory evoked response, Perception in children--Testing, Cognition in children--Testing, Psychological tests for children, AIDS (Disease) in children
Format
Document (PDF)