Current Search: Attitude Psychology (x)
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- Title
- Thought- and information-induced polarization: The role of involvement in making attitudes extreme.
- Creator
- Harton, Helen C., Florida Atlantic University, Latane, Bibb
- Abstract/Description
-
The catastrophe theory of attitudes (Latane & Nowak, 1994) predicts that extremity will be a function of involvement, with uninvolving attitudes normally distributed about a neutral midpoint and involving attitudes categorical and extreme. Two processes that may lead attitudes to become more involving and extreme were tested in this experiment--thought-induced polarization and information-induced polarization. College students rated social issues before and after thinking and/or reading...
Show moreThe catastrophe theory of attitudes (Latane & Nowak, 1994) predicts that extremity will be a function of involvement, with uninvolving attitudes normally distributed about a neutral midpoint and involving attitudes categorical and extreme. Two processes that may lead attitudes to become more involving and extreme were tested in this experiment--thought-induced polarization and information-induced polarization. College students rated social issues before and after thinking and/or reading information about them. Attitudes became more extreme after respondents read mixed information about the attitude object, particularly for issues on which participants were initially uninvolved, but did not extremify after thought alone. There was little evidence for selective encoding or retrieval or for biased assimilation, though increases in attitude extremity were associated with increases in involvement. Thus, as predicted by catastrophe theory, reading mixed information may increase involvement in an issue, which in turn leads to more extreme attitudes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1994
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15110
- Subject Headings
- Attitude change, Attitude (Psychology), Polarity (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR CORRESPONDENCE AS A FUNCTION OF SELF-MONITORING AND SITUATIONAL CONSTRAINT.
- Creator
- MASSEY, RENELLE FAE, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
This thesis investigated situational and personality moderating variables' interaction in determining attitude-behavior correspondence. Experimental participants completed the Self-Monitoring Scale and an index measuring attitude favorability towards affirmative action. High and low self-monitors then rendered verdicts (the behavioral measure) on a mock affirmative action lawsuit after being given one of three situational expectations: 1) discussion with a pro-affirmative action partner; 2)...
Show moreThis thesis investigated situational and personality moderating variables' interaction in determining attitude-behavior correspondence. Experimental participants completed the Self-Monitoring Scale and an index measuring attitude favorability towards affirmative action. High and low self-monitors then rendered verdicts (the behavioral measure) on a mock affirmative action lawsuit after being given one of three situational expectations: 1) discussion with a pro-affirmative action partner; 2) discussion with an anti-affirmative action partner; or 3) no discussion. Participants expecting no discussion had significantly greater attitude-behavior correlations than those expecting a discussion. Attitude-behavior correlations did not vary as a function of self-monitoring, the personal moderating variable. Correlations were not determined by expectation and self-monitoring interactions. Behavior was not correlated with participants' perceptions of their partner. The results' research and theoretical implications were discussed in terms of situational constraint, predicting behavior in constraining situations, and an interaction approach to predicting attitude-behavior relationships.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1984
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14218
- Subject Headings
- Attitude (Psychology), Behavioral assessment
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Status and Attitudes Toward Selected Historical Problems.
- Creator
- Greene, William E., Curl, Donald W., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
This thesis concerns itself with an examination of the relationship between social class background and the study of history. Chapter One includes an §varview of previous research done in this area and the effects of different social class backgrounds on students' educational development. It was hypothesized that in as much as the social class an individual emerges from can greatly influence his general attitudes, educational achievement , and political ideas, it therefore should influence...
Show moreThis thesis concerns itself with an examination of the relationship between social class background and the study of history. Chapter One includes an §varview of previous research done in this area and the effects of different social class backgrounds on students' educational development. It was hypothesized that in as much as the social class an individual emerges from can greatly influence his general attitudes, educational achievement , and political ideas, it therefore should influence how a student views historical problems. A survey was administered to all 180 second year history students at Broward Junior College to determine their socio-economic status and their attitudes on ten selected historical problems. A modified Warner method was used and the results correlated. There appears to be a relationship between social class and historical attitudes but it is not clear what this relationship is. Only on questions concerning communism was any pattern apparent. Further research would be necessary to determine the exact relationship.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1970
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000922
- Subject Headings
- Attitude (Psychology), Social classes.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Dynamics of Implicit Attitudes.
- Creator
- Williams, Joseph Michael, Vallacher, Robin, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
How do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g.,...
Show moreHow do people allocate responsibility for inter-racial conflict (Black vs. White) under ambiguous circumstances? We tested the hypothesis that responsibility allocation reflects people’s implicit racial bias—with greater blame allocated to the Black protagonist by observers with stronger implicit anti-Black bias—but only when they identify the conflict in low-level terms (i.e., the specific momentary actions of the individuals). When observers identify the conflict in high-level terms (e.g., the intentions of the individuals), they are conscious of their biases and can suppress them in favor of less prejudicial judgments. White and Black participants read or listened to an ambiguous inter-racial conflict narrative, then allocated responsibility for the conflict and rated the protagonists’ personalities. The results showed the defendants were rated as more responsible when rated more positively for personality and affective reaction. Methodological reasons for the direction of the relationship are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013175
- Subject Headings
- Attitude (Psychology), Subconsciousness--Social aspects, Racial bias, Implicit attitude
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A Comparative Study of Attitudes and Personal Orientations of Student Members of Professional Organizations and Non Members in Colleges of Business Administration in the United States.
- Creator
- Farrar, Charles L., Florida Atlantic University, Zimmerer, Thomas W.
- Abstract/Description
-
The three specific objectives of this study were to develop a clearer understanding of the image which business has on the college campus, to develop insights into the attitudes of business students and a comparison of students in the business college with members of Delta Sigma Pi, a professional fraternity for male students enrolled in business. In order to base the response evaluations on a reasonably homogeneous group of subjects, only those colleges with chapters of the fraternity were...
Show moreThe three specific objectives of this study were to develop a clearer understanding of the image which business has on the college campus, to develop insights into the attitudes of business students and a comparison of students in the business college with members of Delta Sigma Pi, a professional fraternity for male students enrolled in business. In order to base the response evaluations on a reasonably homogeneous group of subjects, only those colleges with chapters of the fraternity were considered. The research data was collected during the fall of 1972 from 1,000 questionnaires mailed to 13 selected colleges . Based on the comparative data obtained, it is possible to accept the major hypothesis that students in professional fraternal organizations are significantly different in their attitudes and personal characteristics than are students who do not belong to these organizations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1973
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13587
- Subject Headings
- Professional associations, Trade associations, Attitude (Psychology), Attitude change
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Watching a life over time: the effects of viewing a videotaped longitudinal portrayal on cultural worldviews.
- Creator
- Franz, Stephanie., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
Terror management theory focuses on defenses used to buffer the anxiety caused by the awareness of death. This study attempted to induce an effect opposite to anxiety interpersonal connectedness-using a video clip. This feeling of connectedness was anticipated to decrease the need for the defenses described by terror management theory, and more specifically to lower the need for cultural worldview defense. Participants were assigned to one of two video conditions: the control video condition ...
Show moreTerror management theory focuses on defenses used to buffer the anxiety caused by the awareness of death. This study attempted to induce an effect opposite to anxiety interpersonal connectedness-using a video clip. This feeling of connectedness was anticipated to decrease the need for the defenses described by terror management theory, and more specifically to lower the need for cultural worldview defense. Participants were assigned to one of two video conditions: the control video condition (K-Web) or the experimental video condition (42-Up). After the video clip was shown, participants judged a list of social transgressions and rated the amount of punishment they felt the transgressor deserved. Individuals with high levels of self-esteem and positive affect were found to be more punitive than their counterparts, but the amount of punishment doled out to the transgressors was lower in the experimental video groups than in the control video groups.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/11617
- Subject Headings
- Interpersonal relations, Terrorism, Psychological aspects, Attitude (Psychology), Testing
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEATH: A COMPARISON OF ASSOCIATE DEGREE NURSING STUDENTS AND GRADUATE NURSES.
- Creator
- CAMPBELL, JUDY BANKS, Florida Atlantic University, Kite, Robert H.
- Abstract/Description
-
This study analyzes the impact of a selected associate degree nursing program upon the attitudes of students toward death. An instrument, "Attitudes Towards Death," was developed for use in the study and was administered to a randomly selected sample of 122 freshmen, 84 sophomore and 46 graduate nurses. Analysis of each group's responses and comparisons among the group were made using several statistical procedures. The results were as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in...
Show moreThis study analyzes the impact of a selected associate degree nursing program upon the attitudes of students toward death. An instrument, "Attitudes Towards Death," was developed for use in the study and was administered to a randomly selected sample of 122 freshmen, 84 sophomore and 46 graduate nurses. Analysis of each group's responses and comparisons among the group were made using several statistical procedures. The results were as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in attitudes towards death of beginning freshman associate degree nursing students, graduating sophomore associate degree nursing students, and graduate associate degree nurses working in nursing. 2. There were no significant differences between freshman and sophomore nursing students in the following subscales: fear of death of self, fear of death of others, fear of dying of others, general attitude, and inconsistency of attitude. There was a significant difference on the fear of dying of self. 3. There were no significant differences between freshman nursing students and graduate nurses on any of the six death attitude subscales. 4. There were no significant differences between sophomore nursing students and graduate nurses on any of the six death attitude subscales. 5. Among the demographic variables the following chi-square subscale correlations were significant: personal meaning that the subject attached to the concept of death, and the fear of death of self, fear of dying of self, general attitude, and inconsistency of attitude; degree of religiosity and fear of death of self, fear of dying of others, general attitude, and inconsistency of attitude; desire to be told of a terminal illness and fear of death of self, fear of dying of self, and fear of dying of others; amount of nursing experience and inconsistency of attitude; marital status and fear of death of others, and area of clinical specialization and fear of death of others. The variables of age , income, and first personal involvement with death had no significant chi-square subscale correlations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1976
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11663
- Subject Headings
- Nurses--Attitudes, Nursing students--Attitudes, Death--Psychological aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Comparisons of education majors' perception of aging.
- Creator
- Marvin, Sara., Florida Atlantic University, Bryan, Valerie
- Abstract/Description
-
The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not differences exist between perceptions regarding aging and the realities of aging between graduate and undergraduate education students within the College of Education at Florida Atlantic University. Data was gathered from 143 undergraduate and graduate students who were enrolled in various majors in the College of Education, on the Boca Raton and Davie campuses during the Spring 2002 semester. The Aging, Learning and Work Quiz ...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine whether or not differences exist between perceptions regarding aging and the realities of aging between graduate and undergraduate education students within the College of Education at Florida Atlantic University. Data was gathered from 143 undergraduate and graduate students who were enrolled in various majors in the College of Education, on the Boca Raton and Davie campuses during the Spring 2002 semester. The Aging, Learning and Work Quiz (Galbraith and Venable, 1985), was the inventory that was utilized. It has six subscales: Biology, Psychology, Learning, Decision-Making, Work Performance and Health. Six hypotheses were tested that there was no significant difference between the dependent variables of Biology (Ho1), Psychology (Ho2), Learning (Ho3), Decision-Making (Ho4), Work Performance (Ho5), Health (Ho6) and one or more of the independent variables of Educational Level, Degree type, Gender, Age and Ethnicity. The seventh hypothesis tested was that there is no difference in the perception of aging between pre-baccalaureate individuals and post-baccalaureate individuals (Ho7) with regard to each of the dependent variables. The statistically significant results of the study were: (a) Biology (Ho1), there was a difference found between ethnic groups of White and Other (p < .045), with White's being more accurate in their perception of the biology aspects of aging, (b) Learning (Ho3), a gender difference was found (p < .003), with males being more accurate in their perception of an individual's ability to learn, retain information and accumulate knowledge, (c) Decision-Making (Ho4), a difference was found between Educational Psychology majors and Reading Education majors (p < .012), with Reading Education majors being more accurate in their perception of how aging affects decision-making ability, (d) Work Performance (Ho5), there differences found between Reading Education majors and Educational Psychology majors (p < .001), with Reading Education majors being more accurate in their perception of work. Differences were also found between majors of Other and Educational Psychology (p < .014), with Other being more accurate in their perceptions of Work, and (e) (Ho 7) there was a difference found between pre-baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate participants for the variable of psychology at the (p < .05), with post-baccalaureate participants scoring higher.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12027
- Subject Headings
- Ageism, College students--Attitudes, Graduate students--Attitudes, Aging--Psychological aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The effect of medical labels on perceptions of illnesses and sufferers.
- Creator
- Lasaga, Jessica, Lanning, Kevin
- Date Issued
- 2012-04-06
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3350916
- Subject Headings
- Medical labels, Concept formation, Attitude to health, Patients --psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- THE EFFECTS OF VIGNETTES ABOUT DEMENTIA ON STIGMA AND ATTITUDES TOWARD DEMENTIA AMONG ETHNICALLY AND RACIALLY DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS IN SOUTH FLORIDA.
- Creator
- Rosenzweig, May Grace S., Hain, Debra, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
- Abstract/Description
-
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effect of vignettes about Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) on stigma and attitudes toward people with Alzheimer’s dementia (PWAD) in a sample of community residents of adults 65 years and older. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to determine the effect of vignettes on AD- related stigma and negative attitudes toward people with AD among adults age 65 years and over, and (2) to describe AD- related stigma and negative attitudes in...
Show moreThe purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effect of vignettes about Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) on stigma and attitudes toward people with Alzheimer’s dementia (PWAD) in a sample of community residents of adults 65 years and older. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to determine the effect of vignettes on AD- related stigma and negative attitudes toward people with AD among adults age 65 years and over, and (2) to describe AD- related stigma and negative attitudes in ethnically and racially diverse groups of older adults. A convenience sampling design was used to recruit 50 participants from a medical office in Boca Raton. The sample included adults age 65 years and older from the community, who understood English and scored 25 or higher on Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). Participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n=22) who received standard AD education or to the intervention (n=28) who received vignettes and standard AD education. Independent t-test was used to analyze the pretest- posttest change scores in the measures of DAS and STIG-MA survey. The significance (p value) was set at .05. In research question two, the samples were divided into 1) white non- Hispanic and 2) other diverse groups. Descriptive statistics were used to explore racial or ethnic differences in stigma and attitudes. The intervention used vignettes and AD education to decrease stigma and attitudes toward people with dementia and showed statistical significance as compared to the control group who received only the AD education.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013803
- Subject Headings
- Dementia, Older people--Florida, Stigma (Social psychology), Vignettes, Attitude (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The spurious(?) effect of gender and relationship type on the similarity of perceived attitudes.
- Creator
- Zheng, Long, Florida Atlantic University, Latane, Bibb
- Abstract/Description
-
The present survey investigated the effect of gender and relationship type on the similarity of perceived attitudes. 888 Chinese university students completed the Social Relations Questionnaire, nominating those people with whom they had recently discussed important matters and describing their own and their nominees' attitudes on 16 life values. Perceived attitudes were more similar among females and among friends than among males or among relatives and other people. In all cases,...
Show moreThe present survey investigated the effect of gender and relationship type on the similarity of perceived attitudes. 888 Chinese university students completed the Social Relations Questionnaire, nominating those people with whom they had recently discussed important matters and describing their own and their nominees' attitudes on 16 life values. Perceived attitudes were more similar among females and among friends than among males or among relatives and other people. In all cases, respondents' own attitudes were more similar to their perceptions of their own partners' attitudes than to the perceived attitudes of the partners of other randomly selected respondents. However, the effect of gender and relationship type on the similarity of perceived attitudes turned out to be spurious because the same relationships were found to be true for the randomly selected pairs. I argue that the perceptions of one's partners' attitudes may be relatively accurate, since they mirror the actual patterns existing in society, and that social influence may be more important than friendship choice as a cause of similarity, since there is just as much of a similarity increment for relatives as for friends.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1995
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15201
- Subject Headings
- Social psychology--China, Attitude (Psychology)--China, Interpersonal relations--China
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Effect of Competition on Men's Sexual Psychology and Attitudes Toward Rape.
- Creator
- Gorelik, Gregory, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
In addition to the reproductive benefits associated with outcompeting sexual rivals and being seen as an attractive mating prospect by women, research suggests that competition adaptively regulates men's sexual interest and behavior in preparation for mating opportunities following competitive outcomes, with victory leading to an increase in sexual interest and loss leading to a decrease in sexual interest. One hundred fifteen undergraduate men engaged in a contrived competitive task in which...
Show moreIn addition to the reproductive benefits associated with outcompeting sexual rivals and being seen as an attractive mating prospect by women, research suggests that competition adaptively regulates men's sexual interest and behavior in preparation for mating opportunities following competitive outcomes, with victory leading to an increase in sexual interest and loss leading to a decrease in sexual interest. One hundred fifteen undergraduate men engaged in a contrived competitive task in which a third were led to believe that they won, a third were led to believe that they lost, and a third were led to believe that they neither won nor lost. Participants completed the Rape Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (RABS), which was used to test whether the effects of competition extend to men's proneness to sexual aggression. In addition, the current study attempted to replicate Gorelik and Bjorklund's (2015) finding that only single men's sexual interest is affected by competition. Results did not reveal an effect of competition on men's rape proclivity, although there were effects in the predicted direction on two of the RABS items. Gorelik and Bjorklund's (2015) effect of competition on men's sexual interest was not replicated. Limitations, implications for the understanding of the biology of sexual aggression, and directions for future research are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004500
- Subject Headings
- Man woman relationships, Men -- Attitudes, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Rape -- Public opinion, Stereotypes (Social psychology), Violence in men, Women -- Violence against -- Attitudes
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Perceptual Acuity and Social Attitudes Survey (PASAS).
- Creator
- Morgan, Hunter, Lanning, Kevin
- Date Issued
- 2012-04-06
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3350920
- Subject Headings
- Human behavior, Perception, Behavior responses, Sensory inputs, Psychology, social, Attitude change
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Can I call you brother?.
- Creator
- Norberg, Elizabeth Andrea., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of English
- Abstract/Description
-
The following manuscript is a novel intended to explore the confusing nature of butch lesbian gender identity and the unique bonds of friendship butch women often share with one another. Lesbian culture, today, sometimes puts pressure on the term butch and pushes butch women to choose between transgender, femme and androgynous. The lead character in this novel, Sarah, struggles to come to terms with her own sexual identity amidst all this pressure to conform. She watches her friends and...
Show moreThe following manuscript is a novel intended to explore the confusing nature of butch lesbian gender identity and the unique bonds of friendship butch women often share with one another. Lesbian culture, today, sometimes puts pressure on the term butch and pushes butch women to choose between transgender, femme and androgynous. The lead character in this novel, Sarah, struggles to come to terms with her own sexual identity amidst all this pressure to conform. She watches her friends and searches for a model of what butch is and is not but she continues to feel emotionally and physically cut off from the people she cares about. Ultimately, Sarah realizes she can move fluidly between many genders. When she stops trying to be a stereotype, she is finally able to connect with the people she cares about.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186332
- Subject Headings
- Symbolism in literature, Lesbians, Attitudes, Homosexuality, Philosophy, Stereotype (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTIONS HELD BY MALE AND FEMALE GRADUATE STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP TOWARD THE INFLUENCES THAT ROLE MODELS, MENTORS, AND NETWORK SYSTEMS EXERT ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT.
- Creator
- RUPPRATH, GLORIA WALKER., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
The Problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences existed between the perceptions held by male and female graduate students in educational leadership toward the influences that role models, mentors, and network systems exert on educational career development. The subjects consisted of graduate students enrolled at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, during the 1985-86 academic year who were either seeking a graduate degree in educational...
Show moreThe Problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences existed between the perceptions held by male and female graduate students in educational leadership toward the influences that role models, mentors, and network systems exert on educational career development. The subjects consisted of graduate students enrolled at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, during the 1985-86 academic year who were either seeking a graduate degree in educational leadership or seeking Florida State Certification in educational leadership. Procedure. A multivariate analysis of variance procedure was applied to test the hypotheses of the study to determine whether significant differences existed between the perceptions held by male and female graduate students in educational leadership on role models, mentors, and network systems of the group level. Where a significant multivariate difference was detected, a univariate analysis of variance was completed for each of the forty-five variables to detemine whether significant differences existed between the perceptions held by male and female graduate students in educational leadership at the item level. Conclusions. (1) Male and female graduate students in educational leadership exhibited significant differences in their perceptions toward role models on educational career development; (2) Male and female graduate students in educational leadership exhibited significant differences in their perceptions toward mentors in educational career development; (3) Male and female graduate students in educational leadership exhibited no significant differences in their perceptions toward network systems on educational career development.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1986
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11879
- Subject Headings
- Graduate students--Florida--Boca Raton--Attitudes, Sex differences (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Gender, relationships, and social interaction among senior citizens.
- Creator
- Schatten, Elizabeth Christine, Florida Atlantic University, Richardson, Deborah R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
The present study was designed to examine the effects of gender and relationship on the quantity and quality of daily social interaction for senior citizens. Eighty-two women and 32 men (mean age 71 years) used the Rochester Interaction Record to record quantitative and qualitative information about every interaction which lasted more than 10 minutes for 2 weeks. Gender analyses revealed that same-gender interaction was most common for all participants (spouse excluded). Males and females...
Show moreThe present study was designed to examine the effects of gender and relationship on the quantity and quality of daily social interaction for senior citizens. Eighty-two women and 32 men (mean age 71 years) used the Rochester Interaction Record to record quantitative and qualitative information about every interaction which lasted more than 10 minutes for 2 weeks. Gender analyses revealed that same-gender interaction was most common for all participants (spouse excluded). Males and females reported that interactions with females only were more intimate than interactions with males only or with mixed-gender others. Spousal analyses showed that participants interacted with spouse as much as with same-gender others, however, spousal interactions were reported to be more intimate than same or opposite-gender interactions. Participants reported interacting with nonfamily more than with family. In addition, interactions with family were reported to be qualitatively equal to interactions with nonfamily. For future research it will be important to consider how these quantitative and qualitative characteristics of interaction relate to well-being.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1996
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15362
- Subject Headings
- Aging--Social aspects, Older people--Attitudes, Older people--Psychology, Man-woman relationships
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Attitudinal study of older adult African Americans' interaction with computers.
- Creator
- Lovell-Martin, Nigel Leon., College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
- Abstract/Description
-
It was estimated that 35 million people age 65 or older lived in the United States in 2000. Of that number 2.8 million were Black/African American. The U.S. Census Bureau's (2000) population projections show that there will be 70 million older adults age 65 or older by 2030 and African Americans are expected to comprise over 12% of that population. In 1993 older adults had made less elective use of computers than younger adults, accounting for 24.2% of those age 55 to 64 and 4.9% of adults...
Show moreIt was estimated that 35 million people age 65 or older lived in the United States in 2000. Of that number 2.8 million were Black/African American. The U.S. Census Bureau's (2000) population projections show that there will be 70 million older adults age 65 or older by 2030 and African Americans are expected to comprise over 12% of that population. In 1993 older adults had made less elective use of computers than younger adults, accounting for 24.2% of those age 55 to 64 and 4.9% of adults over age 65. By 2003 adults over age 65 recorded a 20.1% increase in computer usage becoming the fastest growing segment of computer users who are engaging in learning computer skills as a way of coping with the technological changes. Studies have found that greater experience with computers is associated with more positive attitudes; however, it has never been determined whether this is true of the older African American population since there is a paucity of research documenting their computer attitudes. This study utilized a mixed methods research design that included an experimental design and an inductive approach with interviews. The following findings emerged: (a) attitudes differed for older African Americans who received computer training and those who did not; (b) there was no distinction in computer attitudes between older adult male and older adult females in the African American population; (c) there was no interaction effect on computer attitudes as moderated by training and gender; (d) older African Americans exhibited a positive disposition towards computers which elicited positive attitudes towards the technology; (e) older African Americans had a nascent need for computer self-efficacy; and (f) older African Americans constructed new meaning regarding computers as a result of their reflection on their computer interaction experience., The findings have established that older African Americans' attitudes can be influenced by direct computer experience and the study extends prior research by identifying the process by which attitude change takes place.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186682
- Subject Headings
- African Americans, Education (Continuing education), African Americans, Intellectual life, Aging, Psychological aspects, Attitude (Psychology), Computer literacy
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Women’s Plasticity During Childhood and their Influence on Rape-Avoidance Behaviors.
- Creator
- Penaloza, Sammy, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Evolutionary theory predicts that sexual coercion and rape are likely to occur in any species in which males are more aggressive, more eager to mate, more sexually assertive, and less discriminating in choosing a mate (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). McKibbin and Shackelford (2011) state that males of many species have evolved strategies to sexually coerce and rape females. It is for this reason that researchers have speculated that several female traits or behaviors evolved to reduce the risks of...
Show moreEvolutionary theory predicts that sexual coercion and rape are likely to occur in any species in which males are more aggressive, more eager to mate, more sexually assertive, and less discriminating in choosing a mate (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). McKibbin and Shackelford (2011) state that males of many species have evolved strategies to sexually coerce and rape females. It is for this reason that researchers have speculated that several female traits or behaviors evolved to reduce the risks of being raped (McKibbin & Shackelford, 2011). The rationale behind the proposed experiment examined whether parents’ childrearing practices and women’s plasticity during childhood may have influenced the development of psychological mechanisms in response to the recurrent adaptive problem of rape. Analyses showed that maternal support during childhood predicted how frequently rape-avoidance behaviors were exhibited by women as adults. Analyses also showed that father absence was related to earlier sexual activity but age of menarche did not predict and was not associated with any rape-avoidance behaviors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004784
- Subject Headings
- Rape--Psychological aspects., Rape victims--Public opinion., Women--Violence against., Men--Sexual behavior., Men--Attitudes., Human behavior., Sex differences (Psychology), Evolutionary psychology.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Factors affecting retention in a community college's welfare-to-work programs: a heuristic study of participants' perceptions.
- Creator
- Pino, Veronica Woodward., College of Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Research Methodology
- Abstract/Description
-
This study examined the perceptions held by former and current welfare-to-work participants of factors that contributed to the retention, persistence, attrition and/or completion of welfare-to-work training programs at a community college. Using the lived experiences and voices of former or current welfare-to-work participants and a qualitative research design, the researcher examined the following research questions: (a) What factors during the training impacted the movement of participants...
Show moreThis study examined the perceptions held by former and current welfare-to-work participants of factors that contributed to the retention, persistence, attrition and/or completion of welfare-to-work training programs at a community college. Using the lived experiences and voices of former or current welfare-to-work participants and a qualitative research design, the researcher examined the following research questions: (a) What factors during the training impacted the movement of participants from welfare-to-work? (b) How did these factors enhance or serve as barriers to the movement of participants from welfare-to-work? This study was presented as a heuristic study of 12 former welfare participants who have transitioned or are currently transitioning from welfare to work. Using purposeful sampling, the researcher selected the participants for this study through self-identification or through nomination by program leaders and other program participants. Each of the 12 former welfare participants was interviewed about the situational, institutional, and dispositional aspects of their training. Demographic data were collected on each of the 12 participants for the purpose of a comparative analysis. Interviews of family members or friends of each of the participants validated the stories provided by the participant. Interviews with two administrators with direct responsibilities for some of the training programs for participants transitioning from welfare-to-work were also done to substantiate the stories of the participants. The findings of this study indicated three conclusions about the participants' perceptions of factors affecting their retention in welfare-to-work programs in a community college., First, the participants' desires to break the cycles of generational welfare were evident in every aspect of the training from having a better life for their children to dealing with the embarrassment of receiving government assistance.Second, welfare-to-work training experiences were influenced by institutional factors such as instructional and institutional support or lack of support for education and career development, including mentoring. Third, personal factors such as family motivation and role models, religion, drive and determination, and the desire to make a difference shaped the participants' career training experiences and contributed to persistence and completion.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186300
- Subject Headings
- College dropouts, Prevention, Academic achievement, Welfare recipients, Education, Community colleges, Attitude (Psychology), Motivation in education
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- SELECTED SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL ATTITUDES ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION IN HIGH SCHOOL AND POSTSECONDARY STUDENTS.
- Creator
- AKE, CATHERINE ANN., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to determine if selected sociopyschological variables were influenced by foreign language instruction. Attitude surveys were administered to 260 students from a high school, a junior college, and a university in Florida before and after instruction in introductory Spanish classes. A combination of instruments developed by Gardner and Lambert at McGill University was adapted for the study. A Likert-type scale was used to elicit responses regarding anomie,...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if selected sociopyschological variables were influenced by foreign language instruction. Attitude surveys were administered to 260 students from a high school, a junior college, and a university in Florida before and after instruction in introductory Spanish classes. A combination of instruments developed by Gardner and Lambert at McGill University was adapted for the study. A Likert-type scale was used to elicit responses regarding anomie, ethnocentrism, and attitude toward Hispanics; a semantic differential scale, to elicit stereotypes of Americans, Spaniards, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analyses of variance, correlation and t-tests for significance, and the orthogonal comparison method. Results included the following: The university students did not change attitudes significantly on any variable tested. The junior college students' attitudes improved significantly toward Mexicans. The high school students' attitudes toward Hispanics in general and toward Mexicans in particular declined significantly. For the total sample, there was a significant trend toward anomie following instruction, but there was no change in ethnocentrism. A significant positive relationship existed between these two variables prior to instruction; no significant relationship existed afterward. Stereotypes elicited rated Americans most favorably followed by Spaniards. There were no significant differentiations made between the other three groups. It was concluded that instruction in Spanish neither improved overall attitude toward Hispanics nor decreased ethnocentrism. Nevertheless, it was found that the high school students' attitudes were flexible and susceptible to change. Recommendations included the reassessment of affective goals in foreign language instruction and the development of cultural awareness units to be incorporated into the curriculum.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1982
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11796
- Subject Headings
- Spanish language--Study and teaching--Psychological aspects, Spanish language--Study and teaching--Florida, Students--Attitudes
- Format
- Document (PDF)
