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Children's temperament: Does it predict how children cope during conflicts with parents?
Title
Children's temperament: Does it predict how children cope during conflicts with parents?.
Creator
Zellers, Gordon Bryant, III, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G.
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to explore relations between children's temperament and their coping styles during mother-child conflict. The children in this study (47 boys and 59 girls in the fourth through seventh grades) were measured using maternal reports of nine discrete temperament dimensions. These nine dimensions were reduced to three factors labeled Agreeableness, Rhythmicity, and Restraint. The children also reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers....
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore relations between children's temperament and their coping styles during mother-child conflict. The children in this study (47 boys and 59 girls in the fourth through seventh grades) were measured using maternal reports of nine discrete temperament dimensions. These nine dimensions were reduced to three factors labeled Agreeableness, Rhythmicity, and Restraint. The children also reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers. Factor analysis indicated that these seven dimensions also could be reduced to two factors, labeled Defiant Coping and Helpless Coping. Partial correlations (with the effect of age removed) showed a significant negative relation between Agreeable temperament (e.g., approachable, high mood quality) and Helpless Coping (e.g., fearful, compulsive compliance).
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Date Issued
1997
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15525
Subject Headings
Temperament in children, Mother and child, Conflict (Psychology) in children, Adjustment (Psychology) in children
Format
Document (PDF)
The Relations of Sexist Beliefs to the Personal and Social Adjustment of Preadolescent Children
Title
The Relations of Sexist Beliefs to the Personal and Social Adjustment of Preadolescent Children.
Creator
Collins, Rebecca L., Perry, David G., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this thesis was to see how sexist beliefs in childhood relate to indexes of children's personal and social adjustment. We developed an instrument to study the sexist beliefs that children have regarding work, parenting, dating, and other aspects of gender roles. We predicted (and found) that having these sexist beliefs affected the sexes differently. For girls sexist beliefs were associated with reduced global self-worth and body satisfaction; and increased depression. For boys...
Show moreThe purpose of this thesis was to see how sexist beliefs in childhood relate to indexes of children's personal and social adjustment. We developed an instrument to study the sexist beliefs that children have regarding work, parenting, dating, and other aspects of gender roles. We predicted (and found) that having these sexist beliefs affected the sexes differently. For girls sexist beliefs were associated with reduced global self-worth and body satisfaction; and increased depression. For boys, sexist beliefs were associated with increased global self-worth, narcissism, externalizing behaviors, and competence in sports; and decreased depression and prosocial behavior.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000735
Subject Headings
Sex role in children, Sex differences (Psychology), Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Self in children
Format
Document (PDF)
Gender self-discrepancies in middle childhood: influences on children’s personal and social adjustment
Title
Gender self-discrepancies in middle childhood: influences on children’s personal and social adjustment.
Creator
Cooper, Patrick J., Perry, David G., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
A self-discrepancy is a cognitive incompatibility between a conception of the desired self and the perception of the actual self (Higgins, 1987; Rogers & Dymond, 1954). The purpose of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the effects of gender self-discrepancies on the personal and social adjustment of preadolescent children. I propose that gender-related stereotypes and self-appraisals can be examined within a self-discrepancy framework. Preadolescent children (N=195)...
Show moreA self-discrepancy is a cognitive incompatibility between a conception of the desired self and the perception of the actual self (Higgins, 1987; Rogers & Dymond, 1954). The purpose of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the effects of gender self-discrepancies on the personal and social adjustment of preadolescent children. I propose that gender-related stereotypes and self-appraisals can be examined within a self-discrepancy framework. Preadolescent children (N=195) completed a variety of self- and peer-report questionnaires in the fall and spring of the school year. Children reported gender stereotypes and self-appraisals for four attributes (body image, athletics, dominance, and popularity). Measures of gender identity and of adjustment were also collected. Results suggested that children who possess a gender self discrepancy are at risk for maladjustment, especially internalizing difficulties and victimization by both girls and boys.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004187, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004187
Subject Headings
Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Gender identity, Identity (Psychology) in adolescence, Self actualization (Psychology), Sex differences (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Academic task avoidance and achievement as predictors of peer status during the early primary school years
Title
Academic task avoidance and achievement as predictors of peer status during the early primary school years.
Creator
Richmond, Ashley D., Laursen, Brett, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Given the diverse and substantial developmental outcomes associated with low peer acceptance, it is important to research its potential predictors. However, the developmental antecedents are not likely restricted to simple, one-lagged links within the same domain. Rather, peer status may stem from a developmental sequence of effects across several domains, particularly across those that develop at the same time and in the same environment as peer status. A developmental cascade model is best...
Show moreGiven the diverse and substantial developmental outcomes associated with low peer acceptance, it is important to research its potential predictors. However, the developmental antecedents are not likely restricted to simple, one-lagged links within the same domain. Rather, peer status may stem from a developmental sequence of effects across several domains, particularly across those that develop at the same time and in the same environment as peer status. A developmental cascade model is best used to capture sequential changes over time, across multiple domains, and during sensitive periods of development Academic motivation and achievement likely exemplify predictors that would affect peer status sequentially over time during the early primary school years. This study examined the developmental cascade of task avoidance, academic achievement, and peer acceptance using a sample of 545 (311 boys, 234 girls) Finnish students in the 1st through 4th grade (M = 7.67, SD = 0.31 years old at the outset).
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004402, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004402
Subject Headings
Achievement motivation in children, Adjustment (Psychology), Classroom management, Emotions in chiidren, Interpersonal relations in children, Motivation in education, Peer motivation in children, Procrastination -- Research, Student adjustment
Format
Document (PDF)
Narcissism, perceptions of peer relationships, and target-specific aggression in middle childhood
Title
Narcissism, perceptions of peer relationships, and target-specific aggression in middle childhood.
Creator
Anderson, Chelsie., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This study examined how narcissism affects preadolescent children's choices of peer targets for aggression. Based on the idea that narcissists have a grandiose sense of self that requires nourishment, we hypothesized that narcissistic children are especially likely to attack peers who threaten, or fail to nourish, their grandiose self. We assessed narcissism and the degree to which each child's aggression toward peers depended on (a) the child's perceived liking by each peer, (b) the child's...
Show moreThis study examined how narcissism affects preadolescent children's choices of peer targets for aggression. Based on the idea that narcissists have a grandiose sense of self that requires nourishment, we hypothesized that narcissistic children are especially likely to attack peers who threaten, or fail to nourish, their grandiose self. We assessed narcissism and the degree to which each child's aggression toward peers depended on (a) the child's perceived liking by each peer, (b) the child's liking of each peer, (c) each peer's actual liking of the child, and (d) the child's perceived similarity to each peer. Participants were 197 children in the fourth through eighth grades at a university school. Narcissism predicted the four types of target-specific aggression in disparate ways for boys and girls. Narcissistic boys were especially likely to direct aggression toward male peers whom (a) they perceived as disliking them, (b) they disliked, and (c) they perceived as dissimilar to themselves. Narcissistic girls were especially likely to attack female peers whom they perceived as similar to themselves. Narcissism may enhance different motives for boys and girls in same-sex peer relatinships. We propose that narcissism enhances investment in status and rivalry amoung girls while enhancing the motive to attack dissimilar peers among boys.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3356886
Subject Headings
Identity (Psychology) in children, Adjustment (Psychology), Sex differences (Psychology), Affect (Psychology), Aggressiveness, Narcissism, Philosophy, Interpersonal relations in children, Social interaction in children, Self-esteem in children
Format
Document (PDF)
Dimensions of sexist beliefs and psychosocial adjustment in childhood
Title
Dimensions of sexist beliefs and psychosocial adjustment in childhood.
Creator
Bidmead, Sarah, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The levels of 3 dimensions of sexism and 13 measures of psychosocial adjustment were assessed in 236 children in grades 4 through 8. The adjustment measures were factor analyzed to produce 5 adjustment factors. Analysis revealed that one of the factors, peer-reported prosocial tendencies, was moderately and negatively correlated with two of three measures of sexism. This effect was more pronounced for girls than for boys. Another factor, body self-esteem, was negatively correlated with one of...
Show moreThe levels of 3 dimensions of sexism and 13 measures of psychosocial adjustment were assessed in 236 children in grades 4 through 8. The adjustment measures were factor analyzed to produce 5 adjustment factors. Analysis revealed that one of the factors, peer-reported prosocial tendencies, was moderately and negatively correlated with two of three measures of sexism. This effect was more pronounced for girls than for boys. Another factor, body self-esteem, was negatively correlated with one of the measures of sexism for girls. The findings are congruent with the view that traditionally sexist ideology may detrimentally impact children's psychosocial adjustment.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186674
Subject Headings
Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Sex differences (Psychology), Sex role in chldren, Body image, Social aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Gender identity and gender stereotypes as interacting influences on children's adjustment
Title
Gender identity and gender stereotypes as interacting influences on children's adjustment.
Creator
Franz, Stephanie., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
One of the hypotheses put forth by the Gender Self-Socialization Model (GSSM) is the stereotype emulation hypothesis. This hypothesis states that one role of gender identity is to motivate children to follow gender stereotypes that they have internalized. The GSSM also states that each of the constructs of gender identity, gender stereotypes, and gender typing is product of the cognitive interplay between the other two. Egan and Perry (2001) conceptualized gender identity as multidimensional,...
Show moreOne of the hypotheses put forth by the Gender Self-Socialization Model (GSSM) is the stereotype emulation hypothesis. This hypothesis states that one role of gender identity is to motivate children to follow gender stereotypes that they have internalized. The GSSM also states that each of the constructs of gender identity, gender stereotypes, and gender typing is product of the cognitive interplay between the other two. Egan and Perry (2001) conceptualized gender identity as multidimensional, and one of these dimensions is felt pressure against other gender behavior. This study found that there was an interaction between one aspect of gender identity (felt pressure) and gender stereotypes, supporting the stereotype emulation hypothesis. This study also found that the interaction between felt pressure and sexism was more powerful in predicting adjustment in children than looking only at the main effect of felt pressure.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186690
Subject Headings
Stereotype (Psychology), Gender identity, Identity (Psychology) in children, Social interaction in children, Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Resilience (Personality trait) in children
Format
Document (PDF)
relation of maternal parenting style to how children cope during conflicts with their mothers
Title
The relation of maternal parenting style to how children cope during conflicts with their mothers.
Creator
Gribbin, Allison Elizabeth, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G.
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to explore relations between maternal childrearing styles and children's coping styles during mother-child conflict. Mothers reported on six parenting style dimensions: coercive control, overprotective control, emotional control, constructive control, responsiveness, and positive interaction. Children (mean age 12.01 years) reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers: idealization of parent, endorsement of submission, endorsement of...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to explore relations between maternal childrearing styles and children's coping styles during mother-child conflict. Mothers reported on six parenting style dimensions: coercive control, overprotective control, emotional control, constructive control, responsiveness, and positive interaction. Children (mean age 12.01 years) reported on seven dimensions of coping during conflict with their mothers: idealization of parent, endorsement of submission, endorsement of aggression, self-blame, self-efficacy, anger reaction, and fear reaction. Few relations between the maternal variables and the child variables were significant, but those that were made sense. For example, positive interaction with the mother predicted low endorsement of aggression toward her, and maternal emotional control predicted self-blaming coping. Further research should examine whether the effects of maternal styles on children's behavior problems (e.g., aggression, depression) are mediated by children's coping styles.
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Date Issued
1995
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15161
Subject Headings
Child rearing, Mother and child, Attachment behavior in children, Adjustment (Psychology), Reinforcement (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Emotional and physiological regulation during parent-child interaction in preschoolers
Title
Emotional and physiological regulation during parent-child interaction in preschoolers.
Creator
Marsh, Kathryn L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The purpose of the current study is to examine physiological and behavioral components of emotional regulation and the development of empathy in preschoolers. It also examines how the parents play a role in their child's development of emotional competence. Behavioral and physiological responses were assessed for the children during stories chosen for emotional content (one happy and one sad story for each parent). Maternal and paternal ratings of self-expressivity were collected using the...
Show moreThe purpose of the current study is to examine physiological and behavioral components of emotional regulation and the development of empathy in preschoolers. It also examines how the parents play a role in their child's development of emotional competence. Behavioral and physiological responses were assessed for the children during stories chosen for emotional content (one happy and one sad story for each parent). Maternal and paternal ratings of self-expressivity were collected using the Self- Expressiveness in Family Questionnaire (Halberstadt et al., 1995). Greater vagal suppression occurred during the sad conditions suggesting that negative emotions require more processing strategies. Greater attentional scores were related to the child's RSA and higher resting RSA was associated with great motor restriction. The mothers had higher SEFQ scores than the fathers. Higher maternal positive expressivity, lower maternal total expressivity, and lower paternal positive expressivity scores were related to the children's displays of empathy.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362553
Subject Headings
Parent and child, Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Social interaction in children, Developmental psychology, Moral education (Early childhood)
Format
Document (PDF)
Narcissism, adjustment, and target-specific aggression in preadolescence
Title
Narcissism, adjustment, and target-specific aggression in preadolescence: a test of the self-image failure hypothesis.
Creator
Pauletti, Rachel E., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This study examined the consequences of self-image failure among narcissistic children. It was hypothesized that narcissistic children who perceive themselves as falling short of their hoped-for grandiose self (e.g., whose self-esteem is low) would not only increase over time in general aggression and decrease prosocial behavior, but also increase in the tendency to direct aggression specifically toward more socially successful peers (i.e., their putative rivals for social status)....
Show moreThis study examined the consequences of self-image failure among narcissistic children. It was hypothesized that narcissistic children who perceive themselves as falling short of their hoped-for grandiose self (e.g., whose self-esteem is low) would not only increase over time in general aggression and decrease prosocial behavior, but also increase in the tendency to direct aggression specifically toward more socially successful peers (i.e., their putative rivals for social status). Participants were 195 (101 boys) fourth through seventh-graders who were tested in both the fall and the spring of a school year. Results yielded some support for the hypotheses. Narcissism combined with low self-appraisals of the real self to predict decreases in prosocial behavior and increased aggression toward popular and attractive peers. These findings not only provide longitudinal evidence for the self-image failure hypothesis but also underscore the importance of a target-specific approach to investigating children's aggression.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362564
Subject Headings
Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Interpersonal relations in children, Narcissism, Aggressiveness, Identity (Psychology) in adolescence, Self-esteem in adolescence, Social interaction in adolescence
Format
Document (PDF)
Determinants of attachment style in middle childhood: Perceptions of parental behavior and their relation to attachment coping strategies
Title
Determinants of attachment style in middle childhood: Perceptions of parental behavior and their relation to attachment coping strategies.
Creator
Cusimano, Angela M., Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G.
Abstract/Description
Participants were 199 children (105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years). Five attachment coping strategies were assessed (preoccupied, avoidant, indecisive, coercive, and caregiving), and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior were assessed (reliable support, harassment, overprotection, and fear induction). Numerous meaningful associations were found between the attachment measures and the perceived parenting measures. For instance, perceived maternal...
Show moreParticipants were 199 children (105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years). Five attachment coping strategies were assessed (preoccupied, avoidant, indecisive, coercive, and caregiving), and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior were assessed (reliable support, harassment, overprotection, and fear induction). Numerous meaningful associations were found between the attachment measures and the perceived parenting measures. For instance, perceived maternal overprotectiveness was significantly related to preoccupied and indecisive coping strategies, whereas perceived maternal harassment, fear induction, and reliable support were related in various ways to avoidant, indecisive, coercive, and caregiving attachment coping strategies. In general, the associations found between the perceived parenting measures and the attachment measures support the construct validity of the self-report measures of attachment and confirm that self-report measures are a fruitful way to assess attachment style in middle childhood.
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Date Issued
2005
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13238
Subject Headings
Attachment behavior in children, Parent and child--Research, Mother and child, Adjustment (Psychology)
Format
Document (PDF)
Gender, sports, and adjustment in preadolescent children
Title
Gender, sports, and adjustment in preadolescent children.
Creator
Cooper, Patrick J., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The fact that 45% of boys and 32% of girls in the United States participate in youth sports suggests that sports participation might be an important influence on children's psychosocial development. This study explored: (1) how children's gender cognitions influence sports self-efficacy and (2) how sports self-efficacy influences children's psychosocial adjustment. Results suggest that for boys, felt pressure to conform to gender standards and the belief that sports is important for boys...
Show moreThe fact that 45% of boys and 32% of girls in the United States participate in youth sports suggests that sports participation might be an important influence on children's psychosocial development. This study explored: (1) how children's gender cognitions influence sports self-efficacy and (2) how sports self-efficacy influences children's psychosocial adjustment. Results suggest that for boys, felt pressure to conform to gender standards and the belief that sports is important for boys influence sports self-efficacy. In girls, both the belief that sports is important for girls and the belief that sports is important for boys predicted sports self-efficacy. Sports self-efficacy predicted benefits for girls adjustment (high self-esteem, higher body satisfaction, lower depression and lower anxiety) but both positive and negative outcomes for boys (higher narcissism, higher aggression, and lower depression and lower anxiety). The findings overall suggest that the correlates of sports self-efficacy are somewhat different for boys and for girls.
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Date Issued
2010
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/1927605
Subject Headings
Physical education and training, Psychological aspects, Sports, Psychological aspects, Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Sex differences (Psychology), Gender identity, Identity (Psychology) in adolescence
Format
Document (PDF)
Does children's attachment style influence children's perception of the parent?
Title
Does children's attachment style influence children's perception of the parent?.
Creator
Kabbas, Diane R., Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This thesis examined the possibility of meaningful associations between children's attachment styles in middle childhood and children's perceptions of the parent. Participants were 199 students (94 males, 105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years) from a Florida university school. The children were administered self-report measures and peer-report nomination measures. Five attachment coping strategies (preoccupied, indecisive, avoidant, coercive, and caregiving) and...
Show moreThis thesis examined the possibility of meaningful associations between children's attachment styles in middle childhood and children's perceptions of the parent. Participants were 199 students (94 males, 105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years) from a Florida university school. The children were administered self-report measures and peer-report nomination measures. Five attachment coping strategies (preoccupied, indecisive, avoidant, coercive, and caregiving) and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior (reliable support, overprotection, harassment, and fear induction) were assessed and numerous and meaningful associations were found. For example, perceived maternal overprotection was positively associated with preoccupied coping. Significant associations were also found between our avoidant, coercive, indecisive, and caregiving coping measures and perceived maternal reliable support, harassment, and fear induction. Our numerous and significant findings lend further support for the usefulness and value of our concurrent correlational self-report measures and to justify future longitudinal research to compare alternative models.
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Date Issued
2005
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13271
Subject Headings
Attachment behavior in children, Parent and child--Research, Adjustment (Psychology), Attachment behavior in adolescence, Mother and child, Child development
Format
Document (PDF)
Links between attachment profiles and adjustment outcomes in preadolescence
Title
Links between attachment profiles and adjustment outcomes in preadolescence.
Creator
Garic, Dea, Perry, David G., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
The current study examined the possibility of using cluster analysis to classify attachment styles in middle childhood. Attachment classifications were measured by looking at child coping strategies and perceived maternal behavior. The attachment classification was then tested for construct validity by examining whether it can predict adjustment outcomes in interpretable patterns. The adjustment outcomes examined were a self-reported global self-worth scale and peer-reported internalizing and...
Show moreThe current study examined the possibility of using cluster analysis to classify attachment styles in middle childhood. Attachment classifications were measured by looking at child coping strategies and perceived maternal behavior. The attachment classification was then tested for construct validity by examining whether it can predict adjustment outcomes in interpretable patterns. The adjustment outcomes examined were a self-reported global self-worth scale and peer-reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors measured using a Peer Nomination Inventory. The current study had 199 third through eight graders and provided evidence for the cluster analysis approach and also showed that the disorganized attachment was associated with the most adverse adjustment outcomes. That is, results showed that disorganized attachment was linked with the lowest levels of global self-worth and the highest rates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors and was significantly different from the securely attached cluster on each measure. The implications and possible underlying causes are discussed.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004443, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004443
Subject Headings
Adjustment (Psychology) in adolescence, Adjustment (Psychology) in children, Attachment behavior in adolescence, Identity (Psychology) in adolescence, Interpersonal relations in adolescence, Interpersonal relations in children, Self esteem in adolescence, Social interaction in adolescence, Social interaction in children
Format
Document (PDF)