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- Title
- The effects of standard and deviant tones on event-related brain potentials and reaction-times to visual stimuli.
- Creator
- Fernandez, Mercedes, Florida Atlantic University, Nash, Allan J.
- Abstract/Description
-
This research investigated whether choice reaction time (RT) measures and the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) could be employed to index the attentional resources associated with performing two near-simultaneous tasks. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of auditory tones on the ERPs and RTs associated with a visual stimulus when the stimuli in both modalities were presented in close temporal proximity. The hypothesis that the ERPs and RTs elicited by...
Show moreThis research investigated whether choice reaction time (RT) measures and the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) could be employed to index the attentional resources associated with performing two near-simultaneous tasks. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of auditory tones on the ERPs and RTs associated with a visual stimulus when the stimuli in both modalities were presented in close temporal proximity. The hypothesis that the ERPs and RTs elicited by the deviant visual stimulus would index the processing demands associated with the auditory modality was confirmed. In general, greater P300 amplitude associated with one task indicates diminished P300 and poorer performance on a second task. The results indicate that P300 may be a sensitive indicator of shared processing resources when two tasks are performed near simultaneously.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1995
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15122
- Subject Headings
- Selectivity (Psychology), Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Visual perception, Signal detection (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The development of the concept of self as measured by a cognitive task.
- Creator
- Lyon, Katharine Vinelle, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F.
- Abstract/Description
-
The development of the concept of self was measured in second, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders. Recall of psychological and physical adjectives were used as a cognitive measure of the concept of self. The adjectives were presented under three conditions (self referent, semantic, and control). The children also asked to rate the adjectives for similarity or dissimilarity to themselves. Differences between grades for levels of recall for physical versus psychological adjectives were examined....
Show moreThe development of the concept of self was measured in second, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders. Recall of psychological and physical adjectives were used as a cognitive measure of the concept of self. The adjectives were presented under three conditions (self referent, semantic, and control). The children also asked to rate the adjectives for similarity or dissimilarity to themselves. Differences between grades for levels of recall for physical versus psychological adjectives were examined. In contrast to earlier research, a developmental trend was not discovered. Increased recall was found for adjectives presented under the self referent condition for all grades.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1990
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14599
- Subject Headings
- Self-perception in children, Cognition in children
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Social-cognitive correlates of aggression and victimization in childhood.
- Creator
- Kennedy, Elizabeth Carol, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
This study explored the social-cognitive functioning of aggressive and victimized elementary school children. Fourth- through seventh-grade male and female children (mean age 11.8 years) responded to four self-report questionnaires which assessed: (a) hostile attributional bias; (b) outcome expectancies for aggressive behavior; (c) outcome values for aggressive behavior; and (d) self-perceived efficacy for regulating three states of emotional arousal (anger, fear, and euphoria). Aggressive...
Show moreThis study explored the social-cognitive functioning of aggressive and victimized elementary school children. Fourth- through seventh-grade male and female children (mean age 11.8 years) responded to four self-report questionnaires which assessed: (a) hostile attributional bias; (b) outcome expectancies for aggressive behavior; (c) outcome values for aggressive behavior; and (d) self-perceived efficacy for regulating three states of emotional arousal (anger, fear, and euphoria). Aggressive children, compared to nonaggressive children, expected aggression to result in control over their victims, did not expect retaliation from their victims, and did not care whether their victims tried to retaliate or not. Victimized children were more likely to expect retaliation for aggressing.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1993
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14917
- Subject Headings
- Social perception in children, Aggressiveness in children, Victims--Psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Inactive Self: Mental Representation of Dormant Social Roles.
- Creator
- Moyer, Ryan M., Sagristano, Michael D., Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
A significant portion of the self is constructed from our actions and the roles to which they correspond. Although many of our social roles are enacted regularly, some may lay dormant, yet still influence one's self-concept. We propose that there are systematic differences in mental representation between these inactive roles and more active roles. Specifically, inactive roles should be more likely to be construed in high-level terms, while active roles should be more likely to be construed...
Show moreA significant portion of the self is constructed from our actions and the roles to which they correspond. Although many of our social roles are enacted regularly, some may lay dormant, yet still influence one's self-concept. We propose that there are systematic differences in mental representation between these inactive roles and more active roles. Specifically, inactive roles should be more likely to be construed in high-level terms, while active roles should be more likely to be construed in lowlevel terms. Experiment 1 found that for inactive roles, participants displayed an implicit construal preference for the high-level aspects of the role. Experiment 2 provided evidence that an implicit measure of construal was necessary in order to tap these unconscious associations. These experiments support the hypothesis that inactive social roles are mentally represented in a unique manner with respect to more active roles.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000801
- Subject Headings
- Self-esteem, Identity (Psychology), Personal construct therapy, Social perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Two-dimensional feature tracking algorithm for motion analysis.
- Creator
- Krishnan, Srivatsan., Florida Atlantic University, Raviv, Daniel, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Abstract/Description
-
In this thesis we describe a local-neighborhood-pixel-based adaptive algorithm to track image features, both spatially and temporally, over a sequence of monocular images. The algorithm assumes no a priori knowledge about the image features to be tracked, or the relative motion between the camera and the 3-D objects. The features to be tracked are selected by the algorithm and they correspond to the peaks of '2-D intensity correlation surface' constructed from a local neighborhood in the...
Show moreIn this thesis we describe a local-neighborhood-pixel-based adaptive algorithm to track image features, both spatially and temporally, over a sequence of monocular images. The algorithm assumes no a priori knowledge about the image features to be tracked, or the relative motion between the camera and the 3-D objects. The features to be tracked are selected by the algorithm and they correspond to the peaks of '2-D intensity correlation surface' constructed from a local neighborhood in the first image of the sequence to be analyzed. Any kind of motion, i.e., 6 DOF (translation and rotation), can be tolerated keeping in mind the pixels-per-frame motion limitations. No subpixel computations are necessary. Taking into account constraints of temporal continuity, the algorithm uses simple and efficient predictive tracking over multiple frames. Trajectories of features on multiple objects can also be computed. The algorithm accepts a slow, continuous change of brightness D.C. level in the pixels of the feature. Another important aspect of the algorithm is the use of an adaptive feature matching threshold that accounts for change in relative brightness of neighboring pixels. As applications of the feature-tracking algorithm and to test the accuracy of the tracking, we show how the algorithm has been used to extract the Focus of Expansion (FOE) and compute the Time-to-contact using real image sequences of unstructured, unknown environments. In both these applications, information from multiple frames is used.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1994
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15030
- Subject Headings
- Algorithms, Image transmission, Motion perception (Vision), Image processing
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- DIMINISHING RETURNS IN COLOR PERCEPTION.
- Creator
- Teti, Emily S., Barenholtz, Elan, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
It is accepted that a perceptually uniform color space cannot be modeled with Euclidean geometry. The next most complex geometry is Riemannian or a geometry with inherent curvature. Riemann, Schrodinger, and Helmholtz introduced and strengthened the theory that a Riemannian geometry can be used to model an ideal color space, to borrow language from Judd. While the addition of curvature in color space increases its ability to capture human color perception, such a geometry is insufficient if...
Show moreIt is accepted that a perceptually uniform color space cannot be modeled with Euclidean geometry. The next most complex geometry is Riemannian or a geometry with inherent curvature. Riemann, Schrodinger, and Helmholtz introduced and strengthened the theory that a Riemannian geometry can be used to model an ideal color space, to borrow language from Judd. While the addition of curvature in color space increases its ability to capture human color perception, such a geometry is insufficient if small distances along a shortest path do not add up to the length of the entire path. This phenomenon is referred to as diminishing returns and would necessitate a more complicated, non-Riemannian geometry to accurately quantify human color perception. This work includes (1) the invention and validation of new analysis techniques to investigate the existence of diminishing returns, (2) empirical evidence for diminishing returns in color space that varies throughout the current standard space (CIELAB), and (3) suggests that paths through perceptual color space may still coincide with paths through the induced Riemannian metric. The new analysis methods are shown to be robust to increased difficulty of a two-alternative forced choice task (2AFC) and a limited understanding of how to quantify stimuli. Using a 2AFC task and the new methods, strong evidence for diminishing returns in the grayscale is demonstrated. These data were collected using a crowd-sourced platform that has very little experimental control over how the stimuli are presented, yet these results were validated using a highly-controlled in-person study. A follow-up study also suggests that diminishing returns exists throughout color space and to varying degrees. Lastly, shortest paths in perceived color space were investigated to determine whether diminishing returns, and hence a non-Riemannian perceptual color space, impact only the perceived size of the differences, or the shortest paths themselves in color space. The results of this study found that, although there was weak evidence the paths do not coincide, this effect was smaller than a response bias. Therefore, we did not find evidence that shortest paths in color space were impacted by the non-Riemannianness of human color perception.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013887
- Subject Headings
- Color Perception, Color vision--Research, Diminishing returns
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- EEG SIGNALS REPRESENT UPDATED MEMORY REPRESENTATIONS IN VISUAL WORKING MEMORY.
- Creator
- Shin, Young Seon, Sheremata, Summer L., Florida Atlantic University, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Visual working memory (VWM) is a core cognitive system that supports our ability to maintain and manipulate visual information temporarily when sensory information is no longer present in the environment. VWM and mental rotation, a form of mental imagery, require the ability to generate internal images in the absence of stimuli. Both cognitive processes share visual buffer and are associated with representing and manipulating visual information, however, little is known about the intersection...
Show moreVisual working memory (VWM) is a core cognitive system that supports our ability to maintain and manipulate visual information temporarily when sensory information is no longer present in the environment. VWM and mental rotation, a form of mental imagery, require the ability to generate internal images in the absence of stimuli. Both cognitive processes share visual buffer and are associated with representing and manipulating visual information, however, little is known about the intersection between VWM and mental rotation. In the current work, mental rotation was adopted to study updated mnemonic contents in VWM. In this dissertation, I asked whether the brain mechanisms that support VWM and mental rotation overlap. Participants were asked to remember the orientation of grating or to remember and manipulate, that is mentally rotate, the orientation of grating. Behavioral results showed that mental rotation induced lower fidelity representations of orientation. This confirmed that additional usage in visual buffer to manipulate the visual representation provoked by mental rotation involved negative influence in memory fidelity. In the second study, EEG recording was conducted while participants performed the same task. Visual representations were reconstructed from brain oscillations using the inverted encoding model (IEM). It was found that orientation information from the reconstruction was represented in the amplitude of alpha oscillations (8 – 12 Hz) for both maintained and updated mnemonic contents. Together, this work provides evidence that memory manipulation driven by mental rotation has a decisive effect on the fidelity of visual representations in VWM. Additionally this dissertation demonstrates that the updated memory representations as well as the maintained memory representations are carried in EEG oscillations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013890
- Subject Headings
- Short-term memory, Visual Perception, Electroencephalography, Mental rotation
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- EXPANDING ME OR CONSERVING US? A MULTI-MODAL STUDY OF POST-DISSOLUTION SELF-CONCEPT RECOVERY.
- Creator
- Cope, Morgan A., Maniaci, Michael R., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Previous research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of romantic relationship breakup on the self-concept and post-dissolution outcomes (Cope & Mattingly, 2021). However, individual differences in newly validated identity orientations (i.e., the preference to expand or conserve one’s sense of self; Hughes et al., 2020) may influence identity recovery. The current studies examined the influence of self-expansion preference on self-concept clarity and identity restoration mechanisms (i.e....
Show morePrevious research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of romantic relationship breakup on the self-concept and post-dissolution outcomes (Cope & Mattingly, 2021). However, individual differences in newly validated identity orientations (i.e., the preference to expand or conserve one’s sense of self; Hughes et al., 2020) may influence identity recovery. The current studies examined the influence of self-expansion preference on self-concept clarity and identity restoration mechanisms (i.e., relationship rekindling) following relationship dissolution using cross sectional (Study 1), intensive longitudinal (Study 2), and dynamical (Study 3) methods. Across studies, self-expansion preference emerged as a trait-level predictor of post-breakup experiences including self-concept clarity, distress, and relationship rekindling desire. Implications for individual experiences of romantic relationship dissolution are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2024
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014382
- Subject Headings
- Interpersonal relations, Romantic, Separation (Psychology), Self-perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- ACTION IDENTIFICATION AND IT’S RELATION TO HOMOSEXUAL IDENTITY FORMATION.
- Creator
- Abate, Matthew E., Vallacher, Robin, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
- Abstract/Description
-
The present study examined the relationship between Action Identification and Homosexual Identity Formation. Specifically, it examines how homosexual male individuals view their actions differently when they are “in the closet” (not open about their sexual orientation) compared to being out today (open about their sexual orientation). Homosexual male participants (N=142) took an online survey containing the internalized Homophobia scale, Self-concept clarity scale, and general demographics...
Show moreThe present study examined the relationship between Action Identification and Homosexual Identity Formation. Specifically, it examines how homosexual male individuals view their actions differently when they are “in the closet” (not open about their sexual orientation) compared to being out today (open about their sexual orientation). Homosexual male participants (N=142) took an online survey containing the internalized Homophobia scale, Self-concept clarity scale, and general demographics questions and took the Behavioral Identification Form with an additional 20 items twice (BIF+). The participants were instructed first to answer the BIF+ as if they were in the closet and later took the same form as they are today, being comfortable with their sexual orientation. Using the original 25-item BIF, a paired t-test revealed a significant difference in the out-of-the-closet (M = .65, SD = .19) from the closeted (M = .60, SD =.21), t(141) = 3.3, p < .001. The effect size measured by Cohen’s d was d=.28, indicating a small effect. With the additional 20 items, a paired t-test for the BIF+ revealed a significant difference in the out-of-the-closet (M = .69, SD = .15) condition, compared to being closeted (M = .63, SD = .19), t(141) = 4.4, p<.001. The effect size, measured by Cohen’s d, was d=.37, indicating a small effect. These findings suggest that when homosexual men are closeted, they tend to view their actions at a lower level compared to when they are open about their sexual orientation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2024
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014495
- Subject Headings
- Homosexuality, Gay men, Internalized homophobia, Self-perception
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The presentation of self.
- Creator
- Lopez, Kandy G., Prusa, Carol, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Visual Arts and Art History
- Abstract/Description
-
Curious to understand my fascination with and attraction to certain individuals who live and work in urban, often economically disadvantaged environments, my thesis exhibition explores properties of paint and image to develop a personal and compelling visual vocabulary that communicates as well as celebrates the strength, power, confidence and swag of these individuals. This work investigates the "face" people front in public in order to survive their situations. Representing individuals...
Show moreCurious to understand my fascination with and attraction to certain individuals who live and work in urban, often economically disadvantaged environments, my thesis exhibition explores properties of paint and image to develop a personal and compelling visual vocabulary that communicates as well as celebrates the strength, power, confidence and swag of these individuals. This work investigates the "face" people front in public in order to survive their situations. Representing individuals within my own community in Miami, these portraits help me come to terms with the way I too have adopted and performed identities of survival. Additionally, I want this work to make visual record of these compelling individuals rarely acknowledged within the history of art.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004134
- Subject Headings
- Art and society, Communication and culture, Self perception in art, Self perception in art, Self presentation, Social role
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Beaked whale auditory evoked potential hearing measurements.
- Creator
- Cook, Mandy L. H., Varela, Rene A., Goldstein, Juli D., McCulloch, Stephen D., Bossart, Gregory D., Finneran, James J., Houser, Dorian, Mann, David A., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
- Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2796070
- Subject Headings
- Beaked whales, Sonar, Auditory Perception --physiology, Marine animals --Vocalization, Echolocation (Physiology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Perceptual Acuity and Social Attitudes Survey (PASAS).
- Creator
- Morgan, Hunter, Lanning, Kevin
- Date Issued
- 2012-04-06
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3350920
- Subject Headings
- Human behavior, Perception, Behavior responses, Sensory inputs, Psychology, social, Attitude change
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Objective self-awareness, standards of evaluation, and moral behavior.
- Creator
- Vallacher, Robin R., Solodky, Maurice
- Date Issued
- 1979
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2796533
- Subject Headings
- Self-perception., Psychology --Experiments., Decision making --Moral and ethical aspects.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Grasp of the Ice-Cold Hand: The Emergence of a New Kind of Gothic in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights.
- Creator
- Stellner, Alexis M., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
This study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well...
Show moreThis study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well at picking out the new and old events, but had more difficulty distinguishing between the conjunction events. Younger adults were significantly worse at recognizing the conjunction items when the age of the actor was different from encoding to retrieval. This study supports the hypothesis that people are better able to recognize and distinguish others within a similar age range compared to people outside that range.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/11578, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT11578
- Subject Headings
- Face perception, Human information processing, Social aspects, Cognitive psychology, Cognition, Age factors
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Face recognition: an own age bias.
- Creator
- Spokane, Tory., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
This study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well...
Show moreThis study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well at picking out the new and old events, but had more difficulty distinguishing between the conjunction events. Younger adults were significantly worse at recognizing the conjunction items when the age of the actor was different from encoding to retrieval. This study supports the hypothesis that people are better able to recognize and distinguish others within a similar age range compared to people outside that range.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77694
- Subject Headings
- Face perception, Human information processing, Social aspects, Cognitive psychology, Cognition, Age factors
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Own-age bias and memory for events.
- Creator
- Boutté, Danielle L., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
-
Event memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown...
Show moreEvent memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown that older adults are more likely to make these errors. This study aims to look more closely at the effects of own-age bias on face recognition and conjunction errors made in memory for events. Younger adults were tested on their memory for both younger and older adults seen performing simple actions in video clips as well as in "mug shot" photograph tests.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77658
- Subject Headings
- Transference (Psychology), Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Face perception, Eyewitness identification, Age factors
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Assessing Children’s Performance on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task with Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces: An Autism Study.
- Creator
- Shanok, Nathaniel, Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Studies exploring facial emotion recognition (FER) abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples have yielded inconsistent results despite the widely-accepted finding that an impairment in emotion recognition is a core component of ASD. The current study aimed to determine if an FER task featuring both unfamiliar and familiar faces would highlight additional group differences between ASD children and typically developing (TD) children. We tested the two groups of 4- to 8-year-olds on...
Show moreStudies exploring facial emotion recognition (FER) abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples have yielded inconsistent results despite the widely-accepted finding that an impairment in emotion recognition is a core component of ASD. The current study aimed to determine if an FER task featuring both unfamiliar and familiar faces would highlight additional group differences between ASD children and typically developing (TD) children. We tested the two groups of 4- to 8-year-olds on this revised task, and also compared their resting-state brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements. As hypothesized, the TD group had significantly higher overall emotion recognition percent scores. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect of group by familiarity, with the ASD group recognizing emotional expressions significantly better in familiar faces than in unfamiliar ones. This finding may be related to the preference of children with autism for people and situations which they are accustomed to. TD children did not demonstrate this pattern, as their recognition scores were approximately the same for familiar faces and unfamiliar ones. No significant group differences existed for EEG alpha power or EEG alpha asymmetry in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, or occipital brain regions. Also, neither of these EEG measurements were strongly correlated with the group FER performances. Further evidence is needed to assess the association between neurophysiological measurements and behavioral symptoms of ASD. The behavioral results of this study provide preliminary evidence that an FER task featuring both familiar and unfamiliar expressions produces a more optimal assessment of emotion recognition ability.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004908, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004908
- Subject Headings
- Emotions in children., Social skills in children., Nonverbal communication., Pattern recognition systems., Face perception.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Behavioral and Electrophysiological Properties of Nucleus Reuniens: Role in Arousal, Spatial Navigation and Cognitive Processes.
- Creator
- Viena, Tatiana Danela, Vertes, Robert P., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
The hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions...
Show moreThe hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions associated with the hippocampus and the mPFC -- or their interactions. Using two different inactivation techniques (pharmacological and chemogenetic), we sought to further define the role of RE in spatial working memory (SWM) and behavioral flexibility using a modified delayed non-match to sample (DNMS) working memory task. We found that the reversible inactivation of RE with muscimol critically impaired SWM performance, abolished well-established spatial strategies and produced a profound inability to correct non-rewarded, incorrect choices on the T-maze (perseverative responding). We observed similar impairments in SWM following the chemogenetic (DREADDs) inactivation of RE or selective RE projections to the ventral HF. In addition, we showed that the inhibition of RE terminals to the dorsal or ventral HF altered task related behaviors by increasing or decreasing the time to initiate the task or reach the reward, respectively. Finally, we examined discharge properties of RE cells across sleep-wake states in behaving rats. We found that the majority of RE cells discharge at high rates of activity in waking and REM and at significantly reduced rates in SWS, with a subpopulation firing rhythmically in bursts during SWS. We identified five distinct subtypes of RE cells that discharged differently across vigilant states; those firing at highest rates in waking (W1, W2), in REM sleep (R1, R2) and SWS (S1). Given the differential patterns of activity of these cells, we proposed they may serve distinct functions in waking – and possibly in SWS/REM sleep. In sum, our findings indicate that RE is critically involved in mnemonic and executive functions and the heterogeneous activity of these cells support a role for RE in arousal/attention, spatial working memory and cognition.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013139
- Subject Headings
- Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex, Neural pathways, Arousal (Physiology), Space Perception, Cognition
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Attentional and affective responses to complex musical rhythms.
- Creator
- Chapin, Heather L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
I investigated how two types of rhythmic complexity, syncopation and tempo fluctuation, affect the neural and behavioral responses of listeners. The aim of Experiment 1 was to explore the role of attention in pulse and meter perception using complex rhythms. A selective attention paradigm was used in which participants attended either to a complex auditory rhythm or a visually presented list of words. Performance on a reproduction task was used to gauge whether participants were attending to...
Show moreI investigated how two types of rhythmic complexity, syncopation and tempo fluctuation, affect the neural and behavioral responses of listeners. The aim of Experiment 1 was to explore the role of attention in pulse and meter perception using complex rhythms. A selective attention paradigm was used in which participants attended either to a complex auditory rhythm or a visually presented list of words. Performance on a reproduction task was used to gauge whether participants were attending to the appropriate stimulus. Selective attention to rhythms led to increased BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent) responses in basal ganglia, and basal ganglia activity was observed only after the rhythms had cycled enough times for a stable pulse percept to develop. These observations show that attention is needed to recruit motor activations associated with the perception of pulse in complex rhythms. Moreover, attention to the auditory stimulus enhanced activity in an attentional sensory network including primary auditory, insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex, and suppressed activity in sensory areas associated with attending to the visual stimulus. In Experiment 2, the effect of tempo fluctuation in expressive music on emotional responding in musically experienced and inexperienced listeners was investigated. Participants listened to a skilled music performance, including natural fluctuations in timing and sound intensity that musicians use to evoke emotional responses, and a mechanical performance of the same piece, that served as a control. Participants reported emotional responses on a 2-dimensional rating scale (arousal and valence), before and after fMRI scanning. During fMRI scanning, participants listened without reporting emotional responses. Tempo fluctuations predicted emotional arousal ratings for all listeners., Expressive performance was associated with BOLD increases in limbic areas for all listeners and in limbic and reward related areas forthose with musical experience. Activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate, which may reflect temporal expectancy, was also dependent on the musical experience of the listener. Changes in tempo correlated with activity in a mirror neuron network in all listeners, and mirror neuron activity was associated with emotional arousal in experienced listeners. These results suggest that emotional responding to music occurs through an empathic motor resonance.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368606
- Subject Headings
- Perceptual-motor learning, Musical perception, Computational neuroscience, Emotions in music, Music, Psychological aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Brain dynamics and behavioral basis of a higher level cognitive task: number comparison.
- Creator
- Ballan, Meltem., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
-
Number perception, its neural basis and its relationship to how numerical stimuli are presented have been challenging research topics in cognitive neuroscience for many years. A primary question that has been addressed is whether the perception of the quantity of a visually presented number stimulus is dissociable from its early visual perception. The present study examined the possible influence of visual quality judgment on quantity judgments of numbers. To address this issue, volunteer...
Show moreNumber perception, its neural basis and its relationship to how numerical stimuli are presented have been challenging research topics in cognitive neuroscience for many years. A primary question that has been addressed is whether the perception of the quantity of a visually presented number stimulus is dissociable from its early visual perception. The present study examined the possible influence of visual quality judgment on quantity judgments of numbers. To address this issue, volunteer adult subjects performed a mental number comparison task in which two-digit stimulus numbers (Arabic number format), among the numbers between 31 and 99 were mentally compared to a memorized reference number, 65. Reaction times (RTs) and neurophysiological (i.e. electroencephalographic (EEG) data) responses were acquired simultaneously during performance of the two-digit number comparison task. In this particular quantity comparison task, the number stimuli were classified into three distance factors. That is, numbers were a close, medium or far distance from the reference number (i.e., 65). In order to evaluate the relationship between numerical stimulus quantity and quality, the number stimuli were embedded in varying degrees of a typical visual noise form, known as "salt and pepper noise" (e.g., the visual noise one perceives when viewing a photograph taken with a dusty camera lens). In this manner, the visual noise permitted visual quality to be manipulated across three levels: no noise, medium noise (approximately 60% degraded visual quality from nonoise), and dense noise (75% degraded visual quality from no-noise)., The RTs provided the information about the overt responses; however, the temporal relationship of visual quality (starts earlier than quantity perception) and quantity were examined using eventrelated potentials (ERPs) extracted from continuous EEG recordings. The analysis of the RTs revealed that the judgment of number quantity is dependent upon visual number quality. In addition, the same effect was observed over the ERP components occurring between 100 ms and 300 ms after stimulus onset time over the posterior electrodes. Principal components analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) methods were used to further analyze the ERP data. The consistent results of the PCA and ICA were used to represent the spatial brain dynamics, as well as to obtain temporal dynamics. The overall conclusion of the present study is that ERPs, ICs and PCs along with RTs suggested a strategy of quantitative perception (i.e., number comparison) based on the qualitative attributes of the stimuli highlighting the importance of the design of the task and the methodology
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2867328
- Subject Headings
- Cognitive neuroscience, Learning, Physiological aspects, Visual perception, Information visualization, Mathematics, Philosophy
- Format
- Document (PDF)