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International Court of Justice And Regional Bias
Title
International Court of Justice And Regional Bias.
Creator
Concepcion, Jessica, Morton, Jeffrey S., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
Abstract/Description
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) presides over the contentious issues, such as boundary disputes and military conflict, for all United Nation’s (UN) members. Its rulings, legally binding, guide international affairs between states by holding them accountable to international law. Previous studies have found that the judges on the ICJ display judicial bias. However, scholars have yet to evaluate whether judges are influenced by a regional association with a party in the cases. To...
Show moreThe International Court of Justice (ICJ) presides over the contentious issues, such as boundary disputes and military conflict, for all United Nation’s (UN) members. Its rulings, legally binding, guide international affairs between states by holding them accountable to international law. Previous studies have found that the judges on the ICJ display judicial bias. However, scholars have yet to evaluate whether judges are influenced by a regional association with a party in the cases. To evaluate the role of region in ICJ rulings, I developed a dataset containing: 1) nationality of judges in contentious cases, 2) states party to a case, 3) states’ regions, and 4) case subject. This data is then used to evaluate the relationship between ICJ judges, state region, and the outcome of case rulings in order to determine whether regional bias exist today within the UN.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00005181
Subject Headings
College students --Research --United States.
Format
Document (PDF)
NATO in the post-Cold War era: "The New York Times"' reaction to enlargement and to Romania's candidacy
Title
NATO in the post-Cold War era: "The New York Times"' reaction to enlargement and to Romania's candidacy.
Creator
Bucsa, Lavinia M., Florida Atlantic University, Morton, Jeffrey S.
Abstract/Description
Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) witnessed a profound process of adaptation and change. In conjunction with the pursuit of new missions, one of the key elements of the alliance's transformation has been the enlargement to the East. This paper examines the issue of NATO's post-Cold War enlargement in the broader context of its adaptation to the new particularities of the international security environment. The paper...
Show moreSince the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) witnessed a profound process of adaptation and change. In conjunction with the pursuit of new missions, one of the key elements of the alliance's transformation has been the enlargement to the East. This paper examines the issue of NATO's post-Cold War enlargement in the broader context of its adaptation to the new particularities of the international security environment. The paper suggests that changes in the alliance's mission and in the U.S. interests influenced the politics of enlargement and, consequently, the policy toward candidate countries. Romania's unexpected admission into NATO in the second round illustrates this aspect. A content analysis performed on The New York Times reveals that this newspaper's attitude toward enlargement has changed from negative in the first round to positive in the second round and that it portrayed Romania negatively in both rounds. In addition, the NYT coverage of the candidate countries was not always objective but reflected the U.S. official policy.
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Date Issued
2004
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13138
Subject Headings
North Atlantic Treaty Organization--Membership, National security--Europe, Eastern, World politics--1989-, Post-communism--Europe, Eastern, Europe--Economic integration, Balance of power
Format
Document (PDF)
Reporting timeliness to specialized international human rights conventions: CEDAW
Title
Reporting timeliness to specialized international human rights conventions: CEDAW.
Creator
Quiggle, Dorothy Anne., Florida Atlantic University, Morton, Jeffrey S.
Abstract/Description
Explanations of human rights compliance have been historically philosophical. Using timeliness of reporting as a measure of minimal compliance, there is an opportunity to examine compliance on a statistical level. This study introduces a theory asserting that compliance to specialized international human rights conventions depends on the representation of the protected group in a state's parliament. While examining the Convention to End All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the...
Show moreExplanations of human rights compliance have been historically philosophical. Using timeliness of reporting as a measure of minimal compliance, there is an opportunity to examine compliance on a statistical level. This study introduces a theory asserting that compliance to specialized international human rights conventions depends on the representation of the protected group in a state's parliament. While examining the Convention to End All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the study attempts to find a relationship between timely reporting to CEDAW and the level of female participation in parliament. The data fails to provide a statistically significant relationship due in part to the reality that women are far from achieving political equality. To achieve human rights for women, there must remain a push for political equality in national governments. When such equality is attained by one or more states, then doors open for those states to set standards for others.
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Date Issued
1999
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15739
Subject Headings
Women's rights, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women--(1980), Human rights
Format
Document (PDF)
social impact of structural adjustment on the Caribbean: The case of Jamaica, 1989-1993
Title
The social impact of structural adjustment on the Caribbean: The case of Jamaica, 1989-1993.
Creator
Thompson, Venesia Marie., Florida Atlantic University, Morton, Jeffrey S.
Abstract/Description
The International Monetary Fund/World Bank's campaign to restructure and revitalize Third World economies has been underway since 1977 but with little positive reviews. In the meantime, the living standards of the poor in these countries continue to deteriorate as more adjustment measures are employed. The purpose of this study is to challenge the "long-term benefits" argument by demonstrating that implementation of adjustment policies correlates with social decline. The study takes the form...
Show moreThe International Monetary Fund/World Bank's campaign to restructure and revitalize Third World economies has been underway since 1977 but with little positive reviews. In the meantime, the living standards of the poor in these countries continue to deteriorate as more adjustment measures are employed. The purpose of this study is to challenge the "long-term benefits" argument by demonstrating that implementation of adjustment policies correlates with social decline. The study takes the form of a case study of Jamaica and traces the historical developments to explain the current debt crisis. A number of social indicators which include cost of living, health, education, housing and crime are used to assess and determine the relationship between structural adjustment and living standards. The study concludes that because the aim of these financial institutions is debt recovery, there is little regard for human resource development, an area that is key to breaking the current cycle of dependency. The result is an inverse relationship between structural adjustment and social well-being.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15365
Subject Headings
Structural adjustment (Economic policy)--Jamaica, Jamaica--Economic policy, Jamaica--Economic conditions, International Monetary Fund--Jamaica, World Bank
Format
Document (PDF)
Japan's Nuclear Crossroads: The Decision to Pursue Nuclear Arms and What It Means for the World
Title
Japan's Nuclear Crossroads: The Decision to Pursue Nuclear Arms and What It Means for the World.
Creator
Walker, Douglas, Morton, Jeffrey S., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Japan is currently the country with the greatest ability to influence nuclear proliferation patterns via its own pursuit of nuclear weapons, making it vital to address the foundations and potential influence of Japan's nuclear decision. This analysis applies the history, as well as modern theories, of nuclear arms to conduct a case study of Japan's current status for the purpose of determining how likely Japan is to build nuclear weapons, what may cause it to do so, and what would happen if...
Show moreJapan is currently the country with the greatest ability to influence nuclear proliferation patterns via its own pursuit of nuclear weapons, making it vital to address the foundations and potential influence of Japan's nuclear decision. This analysis applies the history, as well as modern theories, of nuclear arms to conduct a case study of Japan's current status for the purpose of determining how likely Japan is to build nuclear weapons, what may cause it to do so, and what would happen if it did. The study examines numerous factors including Japan's technological and militaristic evolution, its psychological and political barriers to nuclear weapon development, international proliferation pressures, regional and U.S. relations, Chinese and North Korean security threats, the international implications of Japan's nuclear decision, the possibility of a clandestine weapons program, and how to prevent Japan from pursuing nuclear weapons.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000975
Subject Headings
Nuclear weapons--Government policy--Japan, Nuclear weapons--Moral and ethical aspects--Japan, Nuclear arms control--Japan, Japan--Military policy, World politics--21st century
Format
Document (PDF)
Spratly Island dispute: An analysis
Title
The Spratly Island dispute: An analysis.
Creator
Stinnett, Stacia L., Florida Atlantic University, Morton, Jeffrey S.
Abstract/Description
The sovereignty of the Spratly Islands has been disputed since the early 1900's. Since the 1970's, the dispute has taken on greater significance in world politics due to the possibility of oil reserves. The fact that China has become the regional hegemon in Southeast Asia has made the dispute more important. If China takes over the archipelago, world politics would be altered as China would in effect turn the South China Sea into a Chinese Lake. There have been many resolutions proposed in...
Show moreThe sovereignty of the Spratly Islands has been disputed since the early 1900's. Since the 1970's, the dispute has taken on greater significance in world politics due to the possibility of oil reserves. The fact that China has become the regional hegemon in Southeast Asia has made the dispute more important. If China takes over the archipelago, world politics would be altered as China would in effect turn the South China Sea into a Chinese Lake. There have been many resolutions proposed in order to eliminate the conflict. However, most authors have focused on peaceful resolutions such as joint development or arbitration. The problem is that the relations between the claimants is not conducive to these resolutions. The establishment of a security community known as military prevention is one solution that has not been explored. It is a resolution to the conflict that would include demilitarization. It is this option that appears to be likely in lieu of the tensions in the region.
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Date Issued
2000
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12726
Subject Headings
Spratly Islands, ASEAN, World politics, International law
Format
Document (PDF)
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and the Colombian Justice and Peace Law and Victims
Title
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and the Colombian Justice and Peace Law and Victims.
Creator
Yera, Evelio Jesus, Morton, Jeffrey S., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Political Science
Abstract/Description
This dissertation answers the question of what the proper balance is for victims with respect to the formation of a truth or truth and reconciliation commission that is formed to address the aftermath of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict. A review of the historical operation of entities that have operated in the aftermath of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict is conducted in this dissertation. From the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials to the present day, nations have struggled to try...
Show moreThis dissertation answers the question of what the proper balance is for victims with respect to the formation of a truth or truth and reconciliation commission that is formed to address the aftermath of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict. A review of the historical operation of entities that have operated in the aftermath of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict is conducted in this dissertation. From the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials to the present day, nations have struggled to try to devise a systematic way to deal with the aftermath of harm caused to victims as a consequence of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict. An examination of the various past truth and reconciliation commissions, the International Criminal Court, and various treaties is here juxtaposed with the Colombian Justice and Peace program implemented a decade ago to bring about peace and reconciliation in Colombia. This dissertation concludes that an entity formed with the purpose of achieving the proper balance for victims of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict, must have a truth-telling component that works in tandem with a specialized court conceived with the objective of operating alongside the commission. Thus, while there is a punitive aspect, the focus is more on the relationship between the events, solutions, and relief provided for victims. An entity with such a focus has various components, including truth-telling and some form of sanction or punishment, but always with the betterment of the past, present, and future victims as well as the subject society or country as its priority. In that vein, a set of proposed flexible guidelines are presented as the culmination of this dissertation. The flexible guidelines proposed here set forth a balanced system between the commission and the court that will provide for both punishment and reconciliation for particular countries and the victims.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004558, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004558
Subject Headings
International Criminal Court., Colombia--Politics and government--1974-, Criminal procedure (International law), Political violence--Colombia--History--21st century., Justice, Administration of--Colombia--History--21st century., Transitional justice., Reconciliation., Nation-building--Colombia.
Format
Document (PDF)
LITERARY HISTORY/ HISTORICAL LITERATURE: THE USE OF CREATIVE NON-FICTION AS HISTORICAL ARTIFACT IN THE BREAKUP OF THE BALKANS
Title
LITERARY HISTORY/ HISTORICAL LITERATURE: THE USE OF CREATIVE NON-FICTION AS HISTORICAL ARTIFACT IN THE BREAKUP OF THE BALKANS.
Creator
O’Neill, Jonathan D., Morton, Jeffrey S., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Political Science, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
Abstract/Description
The present study seeks to argue for a literary approach to writing history. In particular, it will use the case of the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s and a sample of authors who documented it to show that this approach can add value to our understanding of history beyond what journalistic and historical sources already give us. A literary approach to history gives us a personal account of historical events or—if not directly experienced by the author—a personal reaction, digestion...
Show moreThe present study seeks to argue for a literary approach to writing history. In particular, it will use the case of the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s and a sample of authors who documented it to show that this approach can add value to our understanding of history beyond what journalistic and historical sources already give us. A literary approach to history gives us a personal account of historical events or—if not directly experienced by the author—a personal reaction, digestion and assimilation of the facts presented in other sources in order to give us a snapshot of the extant zeitgeist that cannot be gleaned from a straightforward presentation of those facts. The approach advocated in this study is something of two methods of recording history: journalistic account and testimonial. It bridges disciplines, fusing an historical (or comparative political) understanding of the wars that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia and the international response to them and individual perspectives recorded through literary testimonials of those same events. This approach seeks to forge a new avenue of potential inquiry (or add to work already being done in the same vein by applying it to a new case) within the comparative study of history, political science, and literature. The work of Norman Mailer in forging a type of “literary journalism” will be considered, as well as, and particularly, his writings on the bombings of Kosovo in 1999. Moreover, Italian author Erri De Luca’s collection of short stories, Pianoterra (2008), will be examined using my own translations of the pertinent texts dealing with his time as a humanitarian convoy driver in Bosnia during the war. Finally, the multimedia historical project embarked upon by musician PJ Harvey and photojournalist Seamus Murphy, documenting their travels and interactions with locals in Kosovo, will round out the study with the most abstract example of non-traditional, literary historicizing.
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Date Issued
2021
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013865
Subject Headings
Creative nonfiction, Balkans, Literary history
Format
Document (PDF)