Current Search: McCarthy, Robert (x)
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Title
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Craniofacial Form and Temporalis Configuration in Middle Pleistocene Hominins.
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Creator
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Lucas, Lynn, McCarthy, Robert, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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This study focused on the temporalis configuration in Middle Pleistocene hominins and how that configuration is correlated with various structures in the craniofacial complex. Three hypotheses were tested using univariate comparisons, regression, and scaling analyses. Results showed that Middle Pleistocene hominins have small anterior temporalis muscles relative to the size oftheir faces, contrary to expectation. This discrepancy may be explained by a decrease in the size of the temporal...
Show moreThis study focused on the temporalis configuration in Middle Pleistocene hominins and how that configuration is correlated with various structures in the craniofacial complex. Three hypotheses were tested using univariate comparisons, regression, and scaling analyses. Results showed that Middle Pleistocene hominins have small anterior temporalis muscles relative to the size oftheir faces, contrary to expectation. This discrepancy may be explained by a decrease in the size of the temporal fossa as a consequence of postorbital constriction concurrent with encephalization. Additionally, this configuration may have implications for the biomechanics of chewing, rendering the masticatory structures of Middle Pleistocene hominins less efficient than in other hominins. Future studies in this area should analyze the size of the temporal fossa in conjunction with rates of encephalization, using cranial capacity as a measure of vault size. Such analyses, coupled with comparisons of temporalis muscle size, will better explain the relationships suggested here.
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Date Issued
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2007
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000934
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Subject Headings
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Human evolution--Research, Physiology, Comparative, Paleontology--Pleistocene, Pleistocene-Holocene boundary
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The Relationship of the Cranial Base and the Prognathism of the Upper Maxilla. A Comparative Study.
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Creator
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Montoya, Oscar F., Broadfield, Douglas C., McCarthy, Robert, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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With the purpose of studying the impact of the cranial base upon the prognathism of the upper maxilla on a sample of 120 cephalograms, the Facial Depth Cephalometric Analysis (FDCA) was used to measure these craniofacial structures and find ethnic, sex, age, and location differences. The cephalograms obtained from a previous data of existing populations of Caucasians and African descents (30 men, 30 women), and a dated population of European descents of the Denver Growth Study (15 men, 15...
Show moreWith the purpose of studying the impact of the cranial base upon the prognathism of the upper maxilla on a sample of 120 cephalograms, the Facial Depth Cephalometric Analysis (FDCA) was used to measure these craniofacial structures and find ethnic, sex, age, and location differences. The cephalograms obtained from a previous data of existing populations of Caucasians and African descents (30 men, 30 women), and a dated population of European descents of the Denver Growth Study (15 men, 15 women during their childhood and adolescence); were used to evaluate the facial depths and the cranial base angle. The Pearson coefficient correlation and student "t" test demonstrated that only S-FC depth affected the facial prognathism (P<0.01), Africans and women presented the greatest prognathism (P<0.01), women had the biggest Ba-S-Na angle (P<0.05) and the shortest S-N length (P<0.01), finally, adolescents showed a growth ofSN length after the age of 10 (P<0.02).
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Date Issued
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2007
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000942
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Subject Headings
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Prognathism--Case studies, Cephalometry, Physical anthropology, Human population genetics
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Format
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Document (PDF)