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Increased experience with an unfamiliar language decreases fixations to the mouth during encoding
Title
Increased experience with an unfamiliar language decreases fixations to the mouth during encoding.
Creator
Mavica, Lauren Wood, Barenholtz, Elan, Graduate College
Abstract/Description
Previous research has shown infants viewing speaking faces shift their visual fixation from speaker’s eyes to speaker’s mouth between 4-8 mo. Lewkowicz & Tift, 2011. It is theorized this shift occurs to facilitate language learning, based on audiovisual redundancy in speech. We previously found adults gazed significantly longer at speaker’s mouths while seeing and hearing non-native language compared with their native language. This suggested there may be mechanisms in which gaze fixations to...
Show morePrevious research has shown infants viewing speaking faces shift their visual fixation from speaker’s eyes to speaker’s mouth between 4-8 mo. Lewkowicz & Tift, 2011. It is theorized this shift occurs to facilitate language learning, based on audiovisual redundancy in speech. We previously found adults gazed significantly longer at speaker’s mouths while seeing and hearing non-native language compared with their native language. This suggested there may be mechanisms in which gaze fixations to speaking mouths are increased in response to uncertainty in speech. If so, increasing familiarity with speech signals may reduce this tendency to fixate the mouth. To test this, the current study investigated the effect of familiarization to non-native language on the gaze patterns of adults. We presented English-speakers with videos of sentences spoken in Icelandic. To ensure encoding of the speech, participants performed a task in which they were presented with videos of two different sentences, followed by an audio-only recording of one of the sentences, and had to identify whether the first or second video corresponded to the presented audio. In order to familiarize participants with the utterances, the same set of sentences were repeated. These ‘repetition’ blocks were followed by additional ‘novel’ blocks, using sentences not previously presented. We found the proportion of fixations directed at the mouth decreased across repetition blocks, but were restored to their initial rate in the novel blocks. These results suggest that familiarity with utterances, even in a non-native language, serve to reduce auditory uncertainty, leading to reduced mouth fixations.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00005838
Format
Document (PDF)
Eye fixations during encoding of familiar and unfamiliar language
Title
Eye fixations during encoding of familiar and unfamiliar language.
Creator
Mavica, Lauren Wood, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
This study examines gaze patterns of monolinguals and bilinguals encoding speech in familiar and unfamiliar languages. In condition 1 English monolinguals viewed videos in familiar and unfamiliar languages (English and Spanish or Icelandic). They performed a task to ensure encoding: on each trial, two videos of short sentences were presented, followed by an audio-only recording of one of those sentences. Participants choose whether the audio-clip matched the first or second video....
Show moreThis study examines gaze patterns of monolinguals and bilinguals encoding speech in familiar and unfamiliar languages. In condition 1 English monolinguals viewed videos in familiar and unfamiliar languages (English and Spanish or Icelandic). They performed a task to ensure encoding: on each trial, two videos of short sentences were presented, followed by an audio-only recording of one of those sentences. Participants choose whether the audio-clip matched the first or second video. Participants gazed significantly longer at speaker's mouths when viewing unfamiliar languages. In condition 2 Spanish-English bilingual's viewed English and Spanish, no difference was found between the languages. In condition 3 the task was removed, English monolinguals viewed 20 English and 20 Icelandic videos, no difference in the gaze patterns was found, suggesting this phenomenon relies on encoding. Results indicate people encoding unfamiliar speech attend to the mouth presumably to extract more accurate audiovisually invariant and highly salient speech information.
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Date Issued
2013
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362556
Subject Headings
Eye, Movements, Psycholinguistics, Biolinguistics, Figures of speech, Gage, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Informational Aspects of Audiovisual Identity Matching
Title
Informational Aspects of Audiovisual Identity Matching.
Creator
Mavica, Lauren Wood, Barenholtz, Elan, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
In this study, we investigated what informational aspects of faces could account for the ability to match an individual’s face to their voice, using only static images. In each of the first six experiments, we simultaneously presented one voice recording along with two manipulated images of faces (e.g. top half of the face, bottom half of the face, etc.), a target face and distractor face. The participant’s task was to choose which of the images they thought belonged to the same individual as...
Show moreIn this study, we investigated what informational aspects of faces could account for the ability to match an individual’s face to their voice, using only static images. In each of the first six experiments, we simultaneously presented one voice recording along with two manipulated images of faces (e.g. top half of the face, bottom half of the face, etc.), a target face and distractor face. The participant’s task was to choose which of the images they thought belonged to the same individual as the voice recording. The voices remained un-manipulated. In Experiment 7 we used eye tracking in order to determine which informational aspects of the model’s faces people are fixating while performing the matching task, as compared to where they fixate when there are no immediate task demands. We presented a voice recording followed by two static images, a target and distractor face. The participant’s task was to choose which of the images they thought belonged to the same individual as the voice recording, while we tracked their total fixation duration. In the no-task, passive viewing condition, we presented a male’s voice recording followed sequentially by two static images of female models, or vice versa, counterbalanced across participants. Participant’s results revealed significantly better than chance performance in the matching task when the images presented were the bottom half of the face, the top half of the face, the images inverted upside down, when presented with a low pass filtered image of the face, and when the inner face was completely blurred out. In Experiment 7 we found that when completing the matching task, the time spent looking at the outer area of the face increased, as compared to when the images and voice recordings were passively viewed. When the images were passively viewed, the time spend looking at the inner area of the face increased. We concluded that the inner facial features (i.e. eyes, nose, and mouth) are not necessary informational aspects of the face which allow for the matching ability. The ability likely relies on global features such as the face shape and size.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004688, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004688
Subject Headings
Biometric identification, Eye -- Movements, Nonverbal communication, Optical pattern recognition, Sociolinguistics, isual perception
Format
Document (PDF)