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Title: Disaster mitigation in the South Atlantic Coastal Zone (SACZ): a prodrome for mapping hazards and coastal land systems using the example of urban subtropical southeastern Florida.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183190
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal classification: systematic approaches to consider in the development of a comprehensive scheme.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: Many different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability...
Show moreMany different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability of information, especially digital formats in GIS frameworks, integrated and systematic approaches to coastal classification are favored. The complex demands of today require sophisticated solutions to overlapping and interrelated problems in the littoral, as facilitated by organization of biophysical parameters into a coherent whole or universal scheme. The developmental approach to a new comprehensive classification system is thus proposed for the coastal fringe, a swath zone 5 to 10 km wide across the shoreline, which incorporates all important parameters necessary to categorize geomorphic units that can be mapped at meaningful scales. Consideration of coastal geomorphological properties are the theme of this approximation toward a modern taxonomic system where morphostructures are the unifying links that facilitate transition from one hierarchical level to another. The proposed approach employs differentiating criteria for hard rock (automorphic) and soft rock (allomorphic) coasts which are divided by chronometric parameters related to the antiquity of littoral landforms. Other levels of primary differentia include geodynamic-climatomorphogenic process zones, relief types (morphoregions), morphogenetic relief features, and relief elements and genetically homogeneous surfaces. Morphotypes are lower level taxons that provide examples of ingressional, egressional, and complex process-forms. The proposal for a unified system requires testing in the field and mapping at myriametric scales to update subsequent approximations.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174405
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Coastal and port engineering: synergistic disciplines from the overarching purview of integrated coastal management.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
Abstract/Description: The principle objectives of maritime engineering fall broadly into two classifications: (1) transportation, and (2) reclamation and conservancy.
Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174403
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Long-term analysis of trends in shore protection based on papers appearing in the Journal of Coastal Research, 1984-2000.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183194
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Pre-emptive strategies for enhanced sand bypassing and beach replenishment activities in southeast Florida: a geological perspective.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183196
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Leaky valves in littoral sediment budgets: loss of nearshore sand to deep offshore zones via chutes in barrier reef systems, southeast coast of Florida, USA.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183192
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: What might happen to America’s shorelines if artificial beach replenishment is curtailed: a prognosis for southeastern Florida and other sandy regions along regressive coasts.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183198
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: STRATIGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES AS RELATED TO SOIL MANTLES.
Creator: Charles W. Finkl
Abstract/Description: Soil stratigraphy concerns the chronological ordering of pedological episodes. It therefore has important implications in the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and the interpretation of stratigraphic sequences where soils and weathering zones occur. Because of the lateral variation in soil mantles, the principles of soil stratigraphy involve some different considerations from those of rock stratigraphy. Researchers in North America, Europe, and Australia, conditioned by different landscapes...
Show moreSoil stratigraphy concerns the chronological ordering of pedological episodes. It therefore has important implications in the reconstruction of paleoenvironments and the interpretation of stratigraphic sequences where soils and weathering zones occur. Because of the lateral variation in soil mantles, the principles of soil stratigraphy involve some different considerations from those of rock stratigraphy. Researchers in North America, Europe, and Australia, conditioned by different landscapes and soils, have studied soil mantles using diffrent approaches. Soil-stratigraphic units such as geosols, pedoderms, soil facies, and paleocatenas emphasize the geographic extent of phases of soil formation taking into account local variations within soil mantles. Understanding of episodic development in the pedosphere is tied to concepts of separate identity, lateral continuity, ascendancy and descendancy, and pedogenic persistence. Providing a basis for soil-stratigraphic studies, these concepts are used in the stratigraphic ordering of soils after proofs of existence have been established for independent (buried) soil layers. Correlation of'soil-stratigraphic units withIsO stages in the oceanic record refines incomplete sequences recognized on land.
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Date Issued: 1980
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000484
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Processes controlling development of erosional hot spots on a beach nourishment project.
Creator: Benedet, Lindino, Finkl, Charles W., Hartog, W. M.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183220
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Environmental impacts of coastal-plain activities on sandy beach systems: Hazards, perception and mitigation.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Krupa, Steve L.
Abstract/Description: Managed sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge...
Show moreManaged sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) laden with nutrients from agro-urban activities on adjacent coastal plains, are pervasive processes of environmental degradation that occur so gradually that sequential impacts escape public attention. The contribution of SGDs to the coastal hydrologie regime is occasionally recognized in association with crescendo events associated with marine algal blooms that degrade water quality, bottom habitats, and coral reef ecology. Because the real dangers of SGD are probably unknown at this time, it is essential to initiate seepage meter studies of the already known high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that are discharged to beach and nearshore environments. Locations of some of the larger submarine freshwater springs along the southeast Florida inner continental shelf are generally known, although volumes of flow have historically been reduced by reduction of head on the coastal, plain. Submarine groundwater provides, on a continual basis, the most direct nutrient linkage to nearshore environments. The insidious nature of the problem requires specialized detection techniques that incorporate site inspection of rock outcrop and reef morphology (for submarine springs and seeps), satellite and airborne remote sensing (coastal morphology, turbidity plumes), physical seepage measurement in situ, monitoring wells, and mini-piezometers to measure hydraulic flow.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174002
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Shelf geomorphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic continental platform: barrier coral reefs, nearshore bedrock, and morphosedimentary features.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Andrews, Jeffrey L.
Abstract/Description: Differentiation of continental shelf morphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic coast was based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry. The 600-km2 shelf study area, which had a shoreline extent of about 160 km and extended up to 10 km offshore, displayed a diverse range of seafloor morphologies that were characteristic of four main alongshore reaches. Reach I (sand flats and karst topography) in the northern part of the study area is terminated southward by the Bahamas Fracture...
Show moreDifferentiation of continental shelf morphology along the southeast Florida Atlantic coast was based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry. The 600-km2 shelf study area, which had a shoreline extent of about 160 km and extended up to 10 km offshore, displayed a diverse range of seafloor morphologies that were characteristic of four main alongshore reaches. Reach I (sand flats and karst topography) in the northern part of the study area is terminated southward by the Bahamas Fracture Zone, a major morphotectonic feature. Reach II (sand flats and coral reefs) is characterized by sand flats with diabathic channel fields leeward or shoreward of the Florida Reef Tract, the seaward margin of which occurs along the shelf break on the upper part of the continental slope. Reach III (sandflats, hardgrounds, and coral reefs) is characterized by extensive nearshore rock outcrops that are exposed as bare rock surfaces on the seafloor or are variously mantled by thin veneers of sand that are not thick enough to disguise the underlying rock structure. Reach IV (tidal sand flats and ridges, hardgrounds, and coral reefs) is dominated by tidal features that notably include fields of tidal sand ridges in the lee of the Florida Reef Tract. The barrier reef on the southeast Florida Atlantic coast, which transitions to Florida Keys shelf environments southward, grades northward to drowned karst topography that is overlain by sand sheets and sand waves. Tidal channels and associated bars, deltas, and shoals occur on the interface between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. This reconnaissance level characterization of continental shelf environments into morphological reaches in a geographic information system platform provides a basis for quantifying spatial distribution patterns of discrete landform units.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174200
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: State of the Art in Storm-Surge Protection: The Netherlands Delta Project.
Creator: Finkl Jr., Charles W., Watson, Ian
Abstract/Description: A multi-billion dollar complex of coastal construction protects the delta-estuarine region of the south-west Netherlands from a repeat of the 1953storm-surge flooding that killed 1835.Eight documented storm-surge flood disasters date back to 1717.The Delta Project became effective in terms of flood protection in 1986, but sections of it are still under construction. One of the world's greatest civil-engineering projects, its 11 major and multiple secondary components have the function of (1)...
Show moreA multi-billion dollar complex of coastal construction protects the delta-estuarine region of the south-west Netherlands from a repeat of the 1953storm-surge flooding that killed 1835.Eight documented storm-surge flood disasters date back to 1717.The Delta Project became effective in terms of flood protection in 1986, but sections of it are still under construction. One of the world's greatest civil-engineering projects, its 11 major and multiple secondary components have the function of (1) closing off three main estuaries which shorten the coastline by approximately 720 km, (2) creating a non-tidal waterway, the ScheIdt-Rhine link, which facilitates inland shipping between Antwerp and Rotterdam (120 km), two of the largest ports in the world, and (3) ensuring the partial environmental preservation of the Delta area.
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PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000369
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Spoil or resource? Managing sediment for coastal restoration.
Creator: Khalil, Syed M., Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183209
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Morphologic features and morphodynamic zones along the inner continental shelf of southeastern Florida: an example of form and process controlled by lithology.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Warner, Mathew T.
Abstract/Description: Submarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed...
Show moreSubmarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed by adapting methods of aerial photointerpretation to computerized onscreen digitizing. This narrow coastal zone tract (up to 500 m in width) contained coastal-marine forms developed in the local limestone bedrock and unconsolidated sediments. Hardground features included rock reefs (exposure of the local Anastasia Formation) and coral-algal reefs of the Florida Reef Tract. In addition to common types of marine platforms and benches, rock reefs and para(dia)bathic hardground stringers are described here for the first time, as are structurally controlled sandflats. Sedimentary features included bars and troughs in addition to various types of soft bottoms. The amalgamation of similar submarine morphologies into morphodynamic zones spatially delineated the impacts of coastal-marine processes during the most recent stabilization of sea-level rise during the last few thousand years of the Holocene. Analysis of the spatial distributions for the various morphological types shows distinct zonations alongshore and cross-shore in terms of the forcing hydrodynamic processes. Karst morphologies of the coastal landscape drowned by the Holocene rise in sea level configure much of the seafloor and prefigure many coastal forms. Lithology exerts a strong control over the spatial arrangement of morphological features, which are seen as repetitive occurrences of similar morphological groupings. Distinctive coastal process zones, based on principles of form and function, define the Beach Depositional Zone (BDZ), bar-and-trough Inshore Depositional Zone (lDZ), sandflat Offshore Depositional Zone (ODZ), Offshore Erosional Zone containing hardgrounds (OEZ), Parabathic Transport Blockers (PTB) comprised by inlet diabathic processes, and Diabathic Transport Blockers (DTB) containing shore-parallel barrier reefs.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174248
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The “morning glory” project: A Papua New Guinea-Queensland Australia undersea freshwater pipeline.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Cathcart, Richard B.
Abstract/Description: Australia’s so-called ‘‘Dead Heart,’’ its hot arid interior landscape, can be brought into irrigated agricultural production with the importation of extracontinental freshwater supplies originating in Papua New Guinea. Despite Queensland’s La Nina-caused historic and costly 2010 to 2011 river flooding induced, in great part by tropical cyclone Yasi, its westernmost torrid region is classed as arid, currently almost without any irrigation agriculture present. Freshwater importation from Papua...
Show moreAustralia’s so-called ‘‘Dead Heart,’’ its hot arid interior landscape, can be brought into irrigated agricultural production with the importation of extracontinental freshwater supplies originating in Papua New Guinea. Despite Queensland’s La Nina-caused historic and costly 2010 to 2011 river flooding induced, in great part by tropical cyclone Yasi, its westernmost torrid region is classed as arid, currently almost without any irrigation agriculture present. Freshwater importation from Papua New Guinea’s Fly River via an undersea pipeline mostly skirting the Torres Strait could increase the value of Queensland’s little-used dryland Outback and, perhaps, establish new overseas markets in Asia for exported agricultural products. An induced perennial Diamantina River could replenish groundwater recharge regions (Great Artesian Basin) and convert Lake Eyre to a permanent lake of slightly brackish water. Irrigated eucalyptus tree plantations might serve, in part, to counter some Earthly global warming. The Torres Strait Islanders will benefit economically as well as other social groups on the mainland of Papua New Guinea. Here we examine closely some of the technical aspects of a Papua New Guinea-Queensland (PNG-QLD) Undersea Freshwater Pipeline Macroproject (UFPM) installation. We offer a choice of two routings for the PNG-QLD UFPM (Case A) while at the same time making clear our informed preference.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174004
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpretation of Seafloor Topologies Based on IKONOS Satellite Imagery of a Shallow-Marine Carbonate Platform: Florida Bay to the Florida Reef Tract.
Creator: Steimle, J.T., Finkl, Jr., Charles W.
Abstract/Description: The shallow low-energy waters of the extensive coastal zone in sub-tropical south Florida permits the discrimination of seabed features and benthic covers acquired from remotely sensed data. A benthic environments classification system is devised from digital interpretations of multi-spectral IKONOS satellite imagery for 1,360 km2 of the carbonate platform and presented in a comprehensive digitized map. The classification scheme is designed as a 7th order hierarchical structure that...
Show moreThe shallow low-energy waters of the extensive coastal zone in sub-tropical south Florida permits the discrimination of seabed features and benthic covers acquired from remotely sensed data. A benthic environments classification system is devised from digital interpretations of multi-spectral IKONOS satellite imagery for 1,360 km2 of the carbonate platform and presented in a comprehensive digitized map. The classification scheme is designed as a 7th order hierarchical structure that integrates 5 Physiographic Realms, 17 Morphodynamic Zones, 11 Geoforms, 38 Landforms, 6 dominant surface sediment types, 9 dominant biological covers and 3 densities of biological covers for the description of benthic environments. Digital analysis of the high-resolution (4 m) IKONOS imagery employed ESRI’s ArcMap to manually digitize 412 mapping units at a scale of 1:6,000. Digital classification of environments is executed by the analyst contingent with the grouping of relative spectral reflectance, color tone variations, and the texture and pattern of the benthic unit. The mapping area incorporates a large diversity of geomorphic forms that range from coastal plains in the southern Florida Peninsula to coral reef formations along the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). The context of each Morphodynamic Zone is characterized by the content and areal distribution (in km2) of geomorphic forms and biological covers. Florida Bay is the most widely distributed Realm and is largely characterized by polygonal lattices of salient sediment banks and sediment flats. Over 58% of the mapping area is occupied by sediment flats, and seagrasses are colonized in almost 80% of the topologies.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000370
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interpretation of bottom types from IKONOS satellite images of the Southern Key West National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Vollmer, Heather
Abstract/Description: Remote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County,...
Show moreRemote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County, Florida (between Key West, Florida, and the Dry Tortugas) resulted in 96 mapping units. The natural complexity of this environment required classification units that were defined by numeric codes that were keyed to a classification system developed for this area. These units, defined in a stepwise procedure, were predicated on the geomorphologic base, context of the geomorphological zone, biological cover, and percentage of that cover. The GIS attribute table, built with a multi-discipline interpretation in mind, was constructed to allow end user flexibility when extracting the information related to major biological cover, detailed geological cover, etc. Suffixes were added to further interpret areas with diverse biological cover. The IKONOS satellite images were found to be useful tools for mapping coastal marine environments at a nominal scale of 1:6000.
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Date Issued: 2011
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174399
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sustainability of subtropical coastal zones in southwestern Florida: challenges for urbanized coastal environments threatened by development, pollution, water supply, and storm hazards.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Charlier, R. H.
Abstract/Description: The subtropical Atlantic coastal zone of southeastern Florida supports nearly 7 million inhabitants on a coastal plain conurbation that stretches from West Palm Beach to Miami. About a quarter of the present population originally settled on higher topography along the shore-parallel Atlantic Coastal Ridge. From about the middle 1900s, however, urbanization intensified along the shore and spread westward into freshwater marshlands. Population densities approaching 2500 persons per km-2 along...
Show moreThe subtropical Atlantic coastal zone of southeastern Florida supports nearly 7 million inhabitants on a coastal plain conurbation that stretches from West Palm Beach to Miami. About a quarter of the present population originally settled on higher topography along the shore-parallel Atlantic Coastal Ridge. From about the middle 1900s, however, urbanization intensified along the shore and spread westward into freshwater marshlands. Population densities approaching 2500 persons per km-2 along some coastal sectors and dredge and fill operations to create urban land in western marshes degraded coastal environments bringing in question sustainability. Efforts to maintain environmental integrity initially focused on shore protection first via "hard" engineering works, which later on included massive beach renourishment projects along developed coasts subject to critical erosion. Marine algal blooms, led to eutrophication, degraded coastal water quality, and deterioration of coral reefs indicate environmental problems at least as serious as beach erosion. Recognition of a potential eco-catastrophe, collapse of entire marine and coastal wetland ecosystems in southern Florida, led turn to the Everglades Restoration Project, the largest single environmental recovery effort in the world. Cleanup of terrestrial systems is essential to sustainability of marine ecosystems now jeopardized by nutrient loading.
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Date Issued: 2003
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174203
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The biological flora of coastal dunes and wetlands: a format.
Creator: Maun, M. A., Finkl, Charles W.
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183213
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Submarine geomorphology of the continental shelf off Southeast Florida based on interpretation of airborne laser bathymetry.
Creator: Finkl, Charles W., Benedet, Lindino, Andrews, Jeffrey L.
Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174401
Format: Document (PDF)

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Coastal zone management (2)	+ -
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