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P100 AND N170 RESPONSES TO RACE: DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH CONTACT AND IMPLICIT BIAS
Title
P100 AND N170 RESPONSES TO RACE: DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH CONTACT AND IMPLICIT BIAS.
Creator
Fennell, Eli, Anzures, Gizelle, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Racial bias remains a prevalent issue in society. Clues to the cognitive basis for such biases have been found in EEG studies of the ‘Other Race Effect’ (ORE) in relation to the P100 and N170 event related potentials (ERPs). Previous research in this area has focused on adults, and only one such study has looked at implicit racial biases (He et al., 2009), while only a few have looked at experience with own- and other-race persons (Herzmann et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2008; Walker et al.,...
Show moreRacial bias remains a prevalent issue in society. Clues to the cognitive basis for such biases have been found in EEG studies of the ‘Other Race Effect’ (ORE) in relation to the P100 and N170 event related potentials (ERPs). Previous research in this area has focused on adults, and only one such study has looked at implicit racial biases (He et al., 2009), while only a few have looked at experience with own- and other-race persons (Herzmann et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2008; Walker et al., 2008). The present study is the first to examine how race might modulate ERP responses in children, and the first to relate these responses with both implicit racial biases and race contact experience. We examined EEG responses in 5- to 10-year-old children and adults, and whether such responses were associated with implicit racial biases and own- and other-race experience. Results showed that both children and adults displayed larger P100 and N170 responses to other-race faces, greater implicit racial biases related to larger N170 responses to other- than own-race faces, and greater other-race experience related to larger P100 responses to other- than own-race faces. In terms of age differences, we found that compared with adults, children displayed larger and more delayed P100 and N170 responses, and that in children but not in adults, greater experience with own- and other-races were associated with more delayed N170 responses to other- than own-race faces. These findings suggest that age, experience with own- and other-race persons, and implicit racial biases all influence early ERP responses to own- and other-race individuals.
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Date Issued
2019
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013371
Subject Headings
Racism, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Racial bias, Electroencephalography
Format
Document (PDF)
FREE WILL BELIEFS AND MORAL NORMS: DISENTANGLING FWB’S FROM MORAL BEHAVIORS
Title
FREE WILL BELIEFS AND MORAL NORMS: DISENTANGLING FWB’S FROM MORAL BEHAVIORS.
Creator
Fennell, Eli, Vallacher, Robin, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
The nature and existence of free will and its relationship with moral reasoning and behavior have been debated by philosophers, theologians, and scientists for centuries, with no resolution in sight. More recently, proponents of “Experimental Philosophy” (Nichols, 2011) have sought to bypass the challenges of ontology by applying the tools and methods of the behavioral and mental sciences to the study of issues such as the structure and role of free will beliefs (FWBs) in prosocial and moral...
Show moreThe nature and existence of free will and its relationship with moral reasoning and behavior have been debated by philosophers, theologians, and scientists for centuries, with no resolution in sight. More recently, proponents of “Experimental Philosophy” (Nichols, 2011) have sought to bypass the challenges of ontology by applying the tools and methods of the behavioral and mental sciences to the study of issues such as the structure and role of free will beliefs (FWBs) in prosocial and moral reasoning and behavior. One of these approaches involves the use of experimental manipulation of FWBs via text passages, statements, articles, and videos endorsing or refuting free will, to measure its effects on moral attitudes and behaviors such as conformity, punishment, and cheating behaviors (e.g. Alquist et al., 2013; Shariff et al., 2014; Vohs & Schooler, 2008). The present study, a videoconference-based online study developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, seeks to shed further insight into the role of FWBs in moral behavior by combining experimental manipulations of FWBs and descriptive moral norms (moral behaviors we observe in the world around us). We manipulated FWBs by randomly assigning participants to read and contemplate 15 pro- or anti-free will statements, and manipulated moral norms by pairing participants with a research confederate pretending to be a second participant but randomly assigned to behave either honestly or dishonestly in a tracing task involving unsolvable shapes, which participants were led to believe they could earn a prize for solving.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014055
Subject Headings
Free will and determinism, Morals, Honesty
Format
Document (PDF)