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Title: Land of Contrast: Osteological Analysis of Human Remains From Salango, Ecuador and a Comparison of Paleopathologies Between Coastal and Highland Sites in Ecuador.
Creator: Van Voorhis, Laura, Broadfield, Douglas C., Graduate College, Martinez, Valentina L.
Abstract/Description: New data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski 2006 to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people from this locale. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteno culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals.
In addition to more comprehensive conclusions...
Show moreNew data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski 2006 to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people from this locale. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteno culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals.
In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35, this thesis uses the compiled data from Site 35 in an extended comparison of health among prehistoric sites from six additional sites to observe general trends over time and across geography. Through an in-depth analysis of six distinct health traits, it can be concluded that the most dramatic trend observed across time was a decline in the overall quality of health.

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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00005171
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Re-visiting Briarwoods: Determining reliability of assessing population health from fragmentary remains.
Creator: Pinto, Deborrah C., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: The Briarwoods Site (8PA66) was first excavated by Jeffrey M. Mitchem and Dr. Stephen J. Gluckman, from the University of South Florida, in 1980. It was a burial mound with scattered human skeletal fragments on the surface. The salvage excavation had to be expedited due to the fact that a building development on the site was in progress. Iscan and Gomez (1982) suggested that there were skeletal elements recovered that provided evidence for the existence of Paget's disease (Osteitis deformans ...
Show moreThe Briarwoods Site (8PA66) was first excavated by Jeffrey M. Mitchem and Dr. Stephen J. Gluckman, from the University of South Florida, in 1980. It was a burial mound with scattered human skeletal fragments on the surface. The salvage excavation had to be expedited due to the fact that a building development on the site was in progress. Iscan and Gomez (1982) suggested that there were skeletal elements recovered that provided evidence for the existence of Paget's disease (Osteitis deformans ) in the population. However, this study reanalyzes the elements and using new technology such as Computed Tomography scans shows that there was no conclusive evidence of Paget's disease. Instead, the skeletal morphology of the affected bones is comparable to the characteristics of treponemal disease which, unlike Paget's disease, is found in sites contemporaneous to Briarwoods.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13115
Subject Headings: Excavations (Archaeology)--Florida--Gulf Coast, Archaeological expeditions--Florida--Gulf Coast, Paleopathology, Bones--Diseases, Anthropometry, Archaeology--Methodology, Osteitis deformans
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Census of nonhuman primate populations of Comuna El Pital, in south central Ecuador.
Creator: Hores, Rose M., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: Ecuador is home to several Neotropical primates. Some areas, and the primate fauna they support, remain little studied, as is El Pital of south-central Ecuador within Machalilla National Park. I conducted a systematic census between May--August, 2005, including some behavioral data. I documented 20 capuchins (Cebus albifrons ssp.) in three groups and 198 mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in 15 groups. All were cited between 2-11 kilometers from habitations. Preliminary data suggested that a...
Show moreEcuador is home to several Neotropical primates. Some areas, and the primate fauna they support, remain little studied, as is El Pital of south-central Ecuador within Machalilla National Park. I conducted a systematic census between May--August, 2005, including some behavioral data. I documented 20 capuchins (Cebus albifrons ssp.) in three groups and 198 mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in 15 groups. All were cited between 2-11 kilometers from habitations. Preliminary data suggested that a Cebus monkey, previously undocumented in the area, may inhabit the park. By recording current population numbers of nonhuman primates, future research may disclose if, over time, National Park designation correlates with population change, and whether or not the local people and their activities (e.g. hunting, farming and logging) impact monkey population densities. The results of this study can aid in the development of educational outreach programs to increase public awareness while fostering an eco-tourism industry.
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Date Issued: 2006
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13346
Subject Headings: Biological diversity conservation--Ecuador, Primates--Adaptation, Parque Nacional Machalillic (Ecuador), Monkeys--Ecuador--Comuna El Pital--Counting
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Analysis of osteological remains from Salango, Ecuador with comparisons to four other coastal Ecuadorian sites.
Creator: Jastremski, Nicole A., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: Archaeological Site 035 Tomb, located in Salango, Ecuador contains remains associated with the Manteno culture which flourished during the Integration period from A.D. 500 until the Spanish Conquest in 1532. Although agriculture played a role in the diet of these people, marine resources were utilized for both food and trade. Osteological remains of at least 14 individuals were excavated from this site and examined to determine the variation in the population of this region. The following...
Show moreArchaeological Site 035 Tomb, located in Salango, Ecuador contains remains associated with the Manteno culture which flourished during the Integration period from A.D. 500 until the Spanish Conquest in 1532. Although agriculture played a role in the diet of these people, marine resources were utilized for both food and trade. Osteological remains of at least 14 individuals were excavated from this site and examined to determine the variation in the population of this region. The following four sites were used as comparisons to the Salango site based on their geographical location and their temporal relationship to Salango: Real Alto, Ayalan, La Libertad, and La Tolita. These sites were analyzed to determine how agriculture and environment played a role in their health and nutrition. This study indicates that pre-Colombian cultures of the region may not have been entirely integrated and that the various populations may have engaged in varied lifestyles.
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Date Issued: 2006
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13326
Subject Headings: Pacific Coast (Ecuador), Excavations (Archaeology)--Ecuador, Indians of Sourth America--Ecuador, Salango Site (Ecuador), South America--Antiquities
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Development and importance of brachiation: How enclosure design affects activity patterns in captive gibbons (Hylobates lar).
Creator: Schwartz, Michele R., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: Knowing how to keep captive gibbons can have an impact on the field of anthropology and, in turn, improve the care of these animals in captivity. A brachiating structure designed for enriching gibbon habitat was constructed on one of two islands in a captive enclosure. The data collected was analyzed on time spent brachiating compared to time spent on the ground. A key factor in collecting data was the placement of the observer with respect to the proximity of the gibbons being observed. In...
Show moreKnowing how to keep captive gibbons can have an impact on the field of anthropology and, in turn, improve the care of these animals in captivity. A brachiating structure designed for enriching gibbon habitat was constructed on one of two islands in a captive enclosure. The data collected was analyzed on time spent brachiating compared to time spent on the ground. A key factor in collecting data was the placement of the observer with respect to the proximity of the gibbons being observed. In this study the gibbons spent more time on the grass when observing them at close range. The gibbons spent a greater amount of time on the brachiating structure when observed from a distance. Despite complications in data collection, the gibbons displayed preference for the redesigned structure, and were observed brachiating more frequently on the stable supports than the rope supports in the unmodified enclosure.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13226
Subject Headings: Gibbons--Behavior, Brachiation, Primates--Anatomy, Mammals--Behavior
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Exploring Diachronic Change in the Population-Specific Vocalizations of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Creator: Halloran, Andrew R., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Chimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans)...
Show moreChimpanzees have long been documented as using population-specific vocalizations, implying learning rather than just genetics in chimpanzee calls. In order for population-specific vocalizations to arise, diachronic change, or evolution, of the various features of the vocalizations must occur. When a population is split, as they were in the current study, there are changes of social structure, environment, and emotional stress (all factors which can lead to rapid phonological change in humans). These factors can act as a catalyst for punctuated diachronic change. A vocal survey was performed on two groups of chimpanzees who had been separated from each other two years prior to the research. The results of the survey revealed significant differences between the two groups' vocalizations. These results make a case for diachronic change in chimpanzee vocalizations, the seed of population-specific calls.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000982
Subject Headings: Chimpanzees--Vocalization, Auditory perception, Linguistic change--Study and teaching, Vocalization, Animal
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Occlusal Loading in Developing Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes through Finite Element Analyses.
Creator: Hammond, Ashley S., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Humans wean earliest of the apes yet the eruption of their permanent teeth occurs the latest, resulting in an extended period of time where human children must dissipate occlusal loads through a maxilla which includes two sets of dentition. The objective of this study was to gauge whether the developing permanent teeth act as an additional pillar of support in the human face. Finite element models of a human child and chimpanzee infant from the same dental eruption stage were loaded according...
Show moreHumans wean earliest of the apes yet the eruption of their permanent teeth occurs the latest, resulting in an extended period of time where human children must dissipate occlusal loads through a maxilla which includes two sets of dentition. The objective of this study was to gauge whether the developing permanent teeth act as an additional pillar of support in the human face. Finite element models of a human child and chimpanzee infant from the same dental eruption stage were loaded according to 8 different regimes designed to test the effects of material properties. The results show that the architecture and material properties of the immature dentofacial complex have an effect on the dissipation of masticatory loads. One mechanism that may allow human children to chew adult foods earlier is the reduction of stress in bone through the preferential dissipation of loads via stiff material properties (enamel of permanent teeth).
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000925
Subject Headings: Occlusion (Dentistry), Facial bones--Growth, Compact bone--Physiology, Masticatory muscles--Anatomy
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Morphometrics and multi-landmark depth analysis of the proximal hallucal metatarsal articular surface in hominoid.
Creator: Proctor, Daniel J., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: Three dimensional morphometrics and analysis of surface depths and breadths are used to compare the proximal articular surface of the first metatarsal among and between Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla, Hylobates, and Pongo. Casts of the fossils AL 333-54, STX 5017 and OH 8 are analyzed in light of the data gathered. Significant differences in morphology exist between these species; the most extreme morphologies exhibited are in Homo and Hylobates. While the OH 8 articular surface is...
Show moreThree dimensional morphometrics and analysis of surface depths and breadths are used to compare the proximal articular surface of the first metatarsal among and between Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla, Hylobates, and Pongo. Casts of the fossils AL 333-54, STX 5017 and OH 8 are analyzed in light of the data gathered. Significant differences in morphology exist between these species; the most extreme morphologies exhibited are in Homo and Hylobates. While the OH 8 articular surface is essentially indistinguishable from Homo sapiens, AL 333-54 and STX 5017 show a mosaic of human-like and ape-like traits, which indicates the retention of the ability to abduct and rotate the hallux. The cast of AL 333-54 shows many similarities to Gorilla, while demonstrating many changes in line with Homo . The cast of STX 5017 retains a surface morphology much like Gorilla and Pan, with fewer similarities to Homo compared to AL 333-54.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13196
Subject Headings: Morphology--Statistical methods, Human evolution, Fossil lominids, Foot--Morphology, Foot--Evolution
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An examination of three competing hypotheses concerning the origin of the Indo-European language family.
Creator: Workman, Shannon Marie., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: The thesis will examine three hypotheses which seek to explain the origin of the Indo-European language family. Each will be treated according to the following criteria: the specific data selected, how the data sets used in the hypotheses correlate to one another, the methodology used by the author(s), and how well the final conclusion correlates to the data. The thesis will also discuss how the Bantu and Romance languages spread. The mechanisms of dispersal of these two languages will be...
Show moreThe thesis will examine three hypotheses which seek to explain the origin of the Indo-European language family. Each will be treated according to the following criteria: the specific data selected, how the data sets used in the hypotheses correlate to one another, the methodology used by the author(s), and how well the final conclusion correlates to the data. The thesis will also discuss how the Bantu and Romance languages spread. The mechanisms of dispersal of these two languages will be examined and the supporting data will be compared to the mechanisms of dispersal and the supportive data of the three Indo-European hypotheses.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12995
Subject Headings: Indo-European languages, Historical linguistics, Linguistic geography
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Investigation into the presence of purported lineage continuity in Australasia.
Creator: Ferdinando, Peter., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: The debate concerning the appearance of modern humans is currently divided into proponents for Multiregional continuity and advocates for a Replacement of all archaic hominin populations by a single, African source. Australasia has been touted as the test evidence for continuity. Utilizing a review of the purported morphological basis of this continuity, it is clear that the proposed unique Australasian features are primitive retentions from Homo erectus. However, African-derived modern...
Show moreThe debate concerning the appearance of modern humans is currently divided into proponents for Multiregional continuity and advocates for a Replacement of all archaic hominin populations by a single, African source. Australasia has been touted as the test evidence for continuity. Utilizing a review of the purported morphological basis of this continuity, it is clear that the proposed unique Australasian features are primitive retentions from Homo erectus. However, African-derived modern humans lack these traits. Consequently, the only group from where these features could be acquired is Indonesian Homo erectus. Henceforth, there appears to be a combination of a discrete African origin for the modern Homo sapiens morphology and limited interbreeding that generates the archaic features present in modern human fossil specimens from Australia. It would seems probable that the interactions of Homo sapiens and Homo erectus in Indonesia may have paralleled those of modern humans and the Neanderthals in Europe.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12915
Subject Headings: Human beings--Origin., Human evolution--Australasia., Homo erectus--Indonesia., Fossil hominids.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cranial morphology of European Upper Paleolithic hominins and other Pleistocene populations.
Creator: Constantino, Paul J., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: The cranial morphology of European Upper Paleolithic hominins is analyzed and compared with crania from other populations including other Late Pleistocene groups, Neanderthals, and modern Holocene populations. The results of distance, cluster and principal component analyses as well as univariate tests indicate that the European Upper Paleolithic is most similar to other Late Pleistocene populations and to modern Europeans. Combined with the calculated degree of variation in each group, the...
Show moreThe cranial morphology of European Upper Paleolithic hominins is analyzed and compared with crania from other populations including other Late Pleistocene groups, Neanderthals, and modern Holocene populations. The results of distance, cluster and principal component analyses as well as univariate tests indicate that the European Upper Paleolithic is most similar to other Late Pleistocene populations and to modern Europeans. Combined with the calculated degree of variation in each group, the evidence points to continuity from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene populations, but not from Neanderthals to the Upper Paleolithic. These results lend support to the Recent African Origin hypothesis which suggests that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from a common ancestor which did not include Neanderthals.
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Date Issued: 2002
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12925
Subject Headings: Fossil hominids--Craniology, Paleolithic period--Europe
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The seeds of structure: Exploring the chimpanzee mind.
Creator: Halloran, Andrew R., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C.
Abstract/Description: There are certain properties of the human mind which allow abstract thought. These properties are responsible for the ability to create myth (or explanations of the unknown), cosmology, and culture. They are the seeds of all human phenomena not attributable to instinct. These properties can be isolated as the capacity for numeric logic and the mind functioning in terms of binary oppositions. The long held paradigm sees the human species as unique in possessing these qualities and well as the...
Show moreThere are certain properties of the human mind which allow abstract thought. These properties are responsible for the ability to create myth (or explanations of the unknown), cosmology, and culture. They are the seeds of all human phenomena not attributable to instinct. These properties can be isolated as the capacity for numeric logic and the mind functioning in terms of binary oppositions. The long held paradigm sees the human species as unique in possessing these qualities and well as the phenomena they yield. In order to challenge this paradigm, a two experiments are conducted on a chimpanzee to see if she possessed these properties. She successfully completed the cognitive tests on both experiments, thus implicating the human species as not unique in its abstractions.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13309
Subject Headings: Brain--Evolution, Human information processing, Primates--Behavior, Human-animal communication, Cognition in animals, Chimpanzees--Behavior
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The Relationship of the Cranial Base and the Prognathism of the Upper Maxilla. A Comparative Study.
Creator: Montoya, Oscar F., Broadfield, Douglas C., McCarthy, Robert, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: With the purpose of studying the impact of the cranial base upon the prognathism of the upper maxilla on a sample of 120 cephalograms, the Facial Depth Cephalometric Analysis (FDCA) was used to measure these craniofacial structures and find ethnic, sex, age, and location differences. The cephalograms obtained from a previous data of existing populations of Caucasians and African descents (30 men, 30 women), and a dated population of European descents of the Denver Growth Study (15 men, 15...
Show moreWith the purpose of studying the impact of the cranial base upon the prognathism of the upper maxilla on a sample of 120 cephalograms, the Facial Depth Cephalometric Analysis (FDCA) was used to measure these craniofacial structures and find ethnic, sex, age, and location differences. The cephalograms obtained from a previous data of existing populations of Caucasians and African descents (30 men, 30 women), and a dated population of European descents of the Denver Growth Study (15 men, 15 women during their childhood and adolescence); were used to evaluate the facial depths and the cranial base angle. The Pearson coefficient correlation and student "t" test demonstrated that only S-FC depth affected the facial prognathism (P<0.01), Africans and women presented the greatest prognathism (P<0.01), women had the biggest Ba-S-Na angle (P<0.05) and the shortest S-N length (P<0.01), finally, adolescents showed a growth ofSN length after the age of 10 (P<0.02).
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000942
Subject Headings: Prognathism--Case studies, Cephalometry, Physical anthropology, Human population genetics
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Experimental archaeology and hominid evolution: establishing a methodology for determining handedness in lithic materials as a proxy for cognitive evolution.
Creator: Ruck, Lana, Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: Human handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly...
Show moreHuman handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly indicated handedness, with a binary logistic regression correctly predicting handedness for 71.7% of the flakes. However, other characteristics were not associated with handedness. This is a result of personal knapping styles, as additional analyses show that individual knappers associate with some attributes better than handedness does. Continued work on these methodologies will enable analysis of Paleolithic assemblages in the future, with the ultimate goal of tracking population-level hominid handedness rates through time and using them as a proxy for cognitive evolution and language acquisition.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325
Subject Headings: Archaeology, Brain -- Evolution, Cerebral dominance, Cognition and culture, Flintknapping, Fossil hominids, Human evolution, Laterality
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody museum of archaeology and ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts: a special emphasis on scurvy.
Creator: Chamoun, Tony J., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: This thesis is a paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chapter one discusses the significance of this research, work prior to this thesis’s formulation, and defines paleopathological and bioarchaeological terms relevant to this thesis. Chapter two presents this thesis’s materials and methods. Of the 196 Peruvian crania in this study sample, 11 case studies are presented....
Show moreThis thesis is a paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chapter one discusses the significance of this research, work prior to this thesis’s formulation, and defines paleopathological and bioarchaeological terms relevant to this thesis. Chapter two presents this thesis’s materials and methods. Of the 196 Peruvian crania in this study sample, 11 case studies are presented. Chapter three reports a case of probable scurvy and likely anemia comorbidity. This case study is accompanied by a critical analysis and review of the literature surrounding scurvy, a detailed macroscopic examination, and a rigorous differential diagnosis process. Chapter four offers cases representing pseudopathology, hematopoietic disease, infectious disease, joint disease, neoplastic disease, trauma, and trauma-induced disease. Chapter five presents a summary of this thesis.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004273, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004273
Subject Headings: Human remains (Archaeology) -- Peru, Human skeleton -- Abnormalities -- Peru, Paleopathology, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Land of contrast: osteological analysis of human remains from Salango, Ecuador and a comparison of paleopathologies between coastal and highland sites in Ecuador.
Creator: Van Voorhis, Laura, Broadfield, Douglas C., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: New data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35,...
Show moreNew data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35, this thesis uses the data from Site 35 in an extended comparison of health among prehistoric sites from six additional sites to observe general trends over time and across geography. Through an indepth analysis of distinct health traits, the general conclusion matches previous reports that the overall quality of health in Ecuador declined over time. However, the present analysis shows a less dramatic decline for coastal sites than for inland sites.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004069
Subject Headings: Excavation (Archaeology) -- Ecuador -- Solango, Forensic anthropology -- Ecuador -- Solango, Human remains (Archaeology) -- Ecuador -- Solango, Indians of South America -- Ecudaor, Pacific Coast (Ecuador), Paleopathology -- Ecuador -- Solango, Solango Site (Ecuador), South America -- Antiquities
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sex Estimation in Subadult Skeletons: A Test of Eight Nonmetric Traits of the Mandible and Ilium.
Creator: Reinman, Alyssa Shiloh, Broadfield, Douglas C., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: Diagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have...
Show moreDiagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have been found to be more accurate, performing better than chance (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Mittler and Sheridan 1992, Weaver 1980). This study adds to this conversation, utilizing the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, testing the accuracy of eight nonmetric traits of the subadult mandible and ilium for use in forensic investigations and bioarchaeological research.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539
Subject Headings: Anthropometry, Forensic anthropology, Forensic osteology, Human remains (Archaeology), Ilium -- Sex differences, Maxilla -- Sex differences, Physical anthropology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Rapid Analysis of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites: Testing an Alternative Method for Analyzing Stress Markers in Chimpanzees.
Creator: Litman, Benni, Broadfield, Douglas C., Harris, Michael S., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: This study explores the application of two methods of spectroscopy; Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) as alternative approaches for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in chimpanzee feces. The goals of this study were twofold: The first was to determine if cortisol can be identified within the NIR and/or FTIR spectra of chimpanzee fecal hormone extract in ethanol solution. The second objective was to determine the capability of NIR and FTIR to predict...
Show moreThis study explores the application of two methods of spectroscopy; Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) as alternative approaches for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in chimpanzee feces. The goals of this study were twofold: The first was to determine if cortisol can be identified within the NIR and/or FTIR spectra of chimpanzee fecal hormone extract in ethanol solution. The second objective was to determine the capability of NIR and FTIR to predict FGM concentrations obtained using standard laboratory methods. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations measured by Enzyme Immunoassay were used as the reference data of partial least square (PLS) regression of fecal extract NIR spectra and FTIR spectra. Low accuracies (NIR: R2 = 0.152; FTIR: R2 = 0.199) were obtained from regression models using data from both methods. Though this study did not successfully demonstrate the feasibility of using NIR and FTIR to qualify and quantify FGMs, it is likely not a reflection of the capabilities of the technology, but rather of appropriate sample types and preparation methods.
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004723, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004723
Subject Headings: Biosensors, Infrared spectroscopy, Metabolites -- Spectra, Primates as laboratory animals, Spectrum analysis -- Diagnostic use
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Paleodemography of Highland Beach the demographic parameters of a Native American population from Southeastern Florida.
Creator: Hennessey, Christopher, Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: Those who practice within the field and those who wish to discredit the field have long debated the field of paleodemography. In 1999 and again in 2000, researchers who used paleodemographic analysis assembled in Rostock, Germany to amend the present issues and change the way research is conducted in the future (Hoppa and Vaupel 2002). As a result of these meetings, researchers created the Rostock Manifesto. While many scholars accepted the change in the suite of methodologies carried out...
Show moreThose who practice within the field and those who wish to discredit the field have long debated the field of paleodemography. In 1999 and again in 2000, researchers who used paleodemographic analysis assembled in Rostock, Germany to amend the present issues and change the way research is conducted in the future (Hoppa and Vaupel 2002). As a result of these meetings, researchers created the Rostock Manifesto. While many scholars accepted the change in the suite of methodologies carried out under the new guidance, little has been said on the effectiveness of the manifesto. In this thesis, I argue that the Rostock Manifesto, at the very least, is effective in changing the results of paleodemographic research both qualitatively and quantitatively. Unfortunately, due to the nature of paleodemographic research it cannot be said of how effective the manifesto is.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004445, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004445
Subject Headings: Demographic anthropology, Demographic archaeology, Human population genetics, Human remains (Archaeology), Human skeleton -- Analysis, Indians of North America -- Florida, Native Americans -- Florida -- Population -- History -- Methodology, Paleoanthropology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Long call frequency variation in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta Palliata).
Creator: Wheeler, James, Broadfield, Douglas C., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description: The long call frequency of male mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varies across individuals. In a forest environment where visual contact is impossible at greater distances the long call is utilized for inter-group spacing and for male-male communication. As lower frequencies are capable of traveling longer distances, it is quite possible that there is a correlation between group size and long call frequency. This link lies in the premise that smaller groups have fewer individuals...
Show moreThe long call frequency of male mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varies across individuals. In a forest environment where visual contact is impossible at greater distances the long call is utilized for inter-group spacing and for male-male communication. As lower frequencies are capable of traveling longer distances, it is quite possible that there is a correlation between group size and long call frequency. This link lies in the premise that smaller groups have fewer individuals thus fewer males, and spread out less over the course of each day while obtaining food resources, thus the distance these males call over their lifespan is generally less than the males in a larger group. This thesis investigates the relationship between group size and long call frequency in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) on Isla de Ometepé, Nicaragua.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004072
Subject Headings: Howler monkeys -- Habitat -- Nicaragua -- Isla de Ometepé, Howler monkeys -- Migration, Howler monkeys -- Vocalization, Primates -- Speciation
Format: Document (PDF)

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