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Title: Effects of a Time Correlated Cue on Tempral Discrimination and Reinforcement.
Creator: Casterton, June G., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Twenty-eight male hooded rats were trained with a time correlated cue called al1 clock. The Ss were divided into four matched groups for the four experimental procedures. The light out group had the time correlated cue removed. Two groups received 50% reinforcement; one on an alternating schedule, the other on a random basis. The regular group continued training with the clock. It was predicted that animals under the greatest control of the clock would exhibit the best temporal discrimination...
Show moreTwenty-eight male hooded rats were trained with a time correlated cue called al1 clock. The Ss were divided into four matched groups for the four experimental procedures. The light out group had the time correlated cue removed. Two groups received 50% reinforcement; one on an alternating schedule, the other on a random basis. The regular group continued training with the clock. It was predicted that animals under the greatest control of the clock would exhibit the best temporal discrimination. Dew’s notion that schedules and external stimulation provide more control than the immediate effects of reinforcement over behavior was tested. Helson’s adaptation level theory predicted that the two 50% groups would perform similarly. All four groups were significantly different from each other (p .001) based on the percent correct responses. Animals under the greatest control of the clock had the best temporal discriminations. Dew’s notion was supported. Helson's theory could not account for the differences between the two 50% reinforcement groups.
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Date Issued: 1968
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000731
Subject Headings: Time perception in animals, Reinforcement (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: TRANSPOSITION: A FURTHER TEST OF ABSOLUTE VERSUS RELATIONAL PREDICTIONS.
Creator: BIZAILLON, PAUL DUNN., Florida Atlantic University, Adamson, Robert E.
Abstract/Description: An attempt was made to investigate the intradimensional transfer of a simultaneously presented, double brightness discrimination in male hooded rats. It was hypothesized that in a paradigm designed to emphasize interstimulus cues over individual stimulus cues, subjects would exhibit transposition in testing, even when this involved approaching a previously negative stimulus, and avoiding a previously positive stimulus, under extinction conditions. Results of two tests (with a partial...
Show moreAn attempt was made to investigate the intradimensional transfer of a simultaneously presented, double brightness discrimination in male hooded rats. It was hypothesized that in a paradigm designed to emphasize interstimulus cues over individual stimulus cues, subjects would exhibit transposition in testing, even when this involved approaching a previously negative stimulus, and avoiding a previously positive stimulus, under extinction conditions. Results of two tests (with a partial reinforcement retraining session between them) indicated significant transposition on all measures except trial of first choice on Test I for the group trained to approach the brighter stimulus in any pair presented. Results were interpreted as being in support of relational theory which stresses the importance of dimensional salience in the establishment of relational responding.
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Date Issued: 1975
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13749
Subject Headings: Brightness perception, Discrimination learning
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Individual Differences in Learning and Perseveration.
Creator: Preache, Maurline, Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description: Two groups of rats received training and testing in learning situations designed to induce perseveration. One task involved discrimination training on one bar of a two-bar Skinner box and a subsequent shift of reinforcement to the opposite bar. The second task was a maze-learning one in which the training route was blocked after 40 trials at a point just before the entrance to the goal box. Thereafter, access to the goal box was possible only through a shorter, but not previously reinforced...
Show moreTwo groups of rats received training and testing in learning situations designed to induce perseveration. One task involved discrimination training on one bar of a two-bar Skinner box and a subsequent shift of reinforcement to the opposite bar. The second task was a maze-learning one in which the training route was blocked after 40 trials at a point just before the entrance to the goal box. Thereafter, access to the goal box was possible only through a shorter, but not previously reinforced route. The third task involved escape training through one door of a four-door shock compartment. After 40 trials, the training door was locked and S was permitted to escape shock only through one of the three previously-locked doors. In each of the three tasks, indices of initial learning and perseveration were selected, and within-subject comparisons were made for both initial learning and perseveration across tasks. Within each task there was a comparison of the initial learning measures to those used to define perseveration. Finally, one of the groups was given conditioning and extinction sessions in a single-bar Skinner box. The extinction measure was compared with perseveration measures in the other tasks. Four hypotheses were stated. These were that between tasks perseverative measures would be positively related; that between tasks initial learning measures would be positively related; that within each task initial learning and perseveration would be neeatively related; and finally that extinction in the single-bar Skinner box would have a positive relationship to measures of perseveration in the other tasks. Only the last two hypotheses were supported and this support was not uncontradicted. Also~ in the case of the extinction-perseveration comparisons, none of the supporting evidence reached significance at the .05 level of confidence.
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Date Issued: 1969
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000813
Subject Headings: Learning, Psychology of, Perseveration (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition.
Creator: Royal, Jackson W., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Ten male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing...
Show moreTen male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing for transposttlon wtth non-reinforced trials, contrary to the usual method, a tendency toward converging measures of transposltton was achteved. Transposition for Group 8-D, In the situation most dissimilar to training, was greater than for 8-C. These results were discussed from relational or Gestalt, Spence model, and Adaptation Level positions and It was shown that the results are contrary to traditional Gestalt predictions. It was oredlcted that, according to underlying assumptions of the Spence model, with continued non-reinforced trials, per cent of transposition for both groups would decrease until a chance level of responding was reached. That this did not occur cannot be explained by the Spence model. Because the variability was too great with such a small N, these results did not reach the .05 level of probability.
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Date Issued: 1968
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012596
Subject Headings: Transfer of training, Discrimination learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Contrast Effects as a Function of Differential Preadaptation.
Creator: Henke, Peter G., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which preadaptation to differential brightness magnitude affects responses to a constant postadaptation stimulus. Twenty-four male albino rats, one hundred and tweny days old, were divided into four groups and differentially preadapted in Skinner-boxes to 236.90, 77.25, 22.87, and 1.27 apparent foot-candles for 10 minutes, without access to a bar. Immediately following this period the Ss were allowed to respond under continuous reinforcement to a postadaptation stimulus of 236.90 apparent foot-candles. Measurement in terms of bar pressing indicated that the four groups extinguished differentially over six days. The control group, for whom the discrepancy bwtween preadaptation magnitude and postadaptation stimulus remained zero, was found most resistant to extiction during this period. Additionally, increases in the discrepancy between the pre- and postadaptation magnitudes led to experimental groups. The implications of these data for the proposition of stimulus definitions in terms of behaviorally effective magnitudes were discussed.
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Date Issued: 1967
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012588
Subject Headings: Adaptability (Psychology), Extinction (Psychology), Psychophysiology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Contrast Effects: Shifts in Work Load.
Creator: Gunn, Diana H., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated...
Show moreThe observation of contrast effects (CE) in response to differential relnforcenent has subsequently elicited a diversity of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. Adaptation Level (AL ) concepts have provided a mechanism for integrating such data within a psychophysical frame-of-reference approach. The application of this approach to the somewhat neglected area of response-produced stimuli associated with effort, suggests that proprioceptive stimuli may be effectively evaluated in a simllar manner. Following shifts in the amount of effort required to produce a constant reward magnitude, performance measures demonstrated positive and negative contrast effects (PCE; NCE) in relation to an appropriate control performance. Data analysis suggested that the combined effects of greater effort and shift conditions tended to increase resistance to extinction. The findings are not consistent Kith traditional (e. g., Hull, Spence) concepts with regard to CE and the influence of effort on performance. It is suggested that such effects are more consistent with a contextual, or frame-of- reference, viewpoint.
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Date Issued: 1967
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012587
Subject Headings: Performance, Reinforcement (Psychology), Reward (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Discrimination learning (2)	+ -
Extinction (Psychology) (2)	+ -
Reinforcement (Psychology) (2)	+ -
Adaptability (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Brightness perception (1)	+ -

Learning, Psychology of (1)	+ -
Performance (1)	+ -
Perseveration (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Psychophysiology (1)	+ -
Reward (Psychology) (1)	+ -
Time perception in animals (1)	+ -
Transfer of training (1)	+ -

Adamson, Robert E. (6)	+ -
Florida Atlantic University (6)	+ -
Charles E. Schmidt College of Science (3)	+ -
Department of Psychology (3)	+ -
BIZAILLON, PAUL DUNN. (1)	+ -

Casterton, June G. (1)	+ -
Gunn, Diana H. (1)	+ -
Henke, Peter G. (1)	+ -
Preache, Maurline (1)	+ -
Royal, Jackson W. (1)	+ -

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