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investigation of the possible intermittent dynamics in the transition region between two modes of behavior using delays
Title
An investigation of the possible intermittent dynamics in the transition region between two modes of behavior using delays.
Creator
Holroyd, Tom, Florida Atlantic University, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
In this thesis the transition region between two modes of behavior is explored using a novel technique, delayed feedback, and a variety of dynamical systems measures. In a previous study, Engstrom, Kelso, and Holroyd (to appear) established the existence of a transition between anticipatory and reactive behavior in a sensorimotor coordination task as a control parameter (frequency) was varied. Here, in order to explore the hypothesis that the behavioral dynamics during this transition are...
Show moreIn this thesis the transition region between two modes of behavior is explored using a novel technique, delayed feedback, and a variety of dynamical systems measures. In a previous study, Engstrom, Kelso, and Holroyd (to appear) established the existence of a transition between anticipatory and reactive behavior in a sensorimotor coordination task as a control parameter (frequency) was varied. Here, in order to explore the hypothesis that the behavioral dynamics during this transition are intermittent in character, subjects were asked to synchronize with a metronome that was actually a delayed copy of their own response pattern. The use of delayed feedback was expected to destabilize the behavioral dynamics enough to allow the observation of hypothesized intermittent phenomena. Use of delayed feedback was shown to destabilize synchronization, resulting in the emergence of a new behavioral pattern in the transition region that exhibited complex "bursting" dynamics. Analysis revealed that this bursting behavior displays many of the characteristics common to intermittency, which supports the idea that the anticipation-reaction transition is the result of a neurobehavioral dynamical system losing stability. Living in the vicinity of instabilities may be an important mechanism for biological organisms to maintain both flexibility and stability.
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Date Issued
1994
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15042
Subject Headings
Biological rhythms, Human mechanics, Circadian rhythms, Biological control systems
Format
Document (PDF)
DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT AGENCY
Title
DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT AGENCY.
Creator
Sloan, Aliza T., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
The mobile conjugate reinforcement (MCR) paradigm, made famous by Carolyn Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (Rovee & Rovee, 1969), has long been used to study infant learning and memory. In MCR studies, the infant's foot is tethered to a mobile hanging overhead, and the mobile responds directly to the infant's kicking. Infant kicking rate triples within a few minutes of interacting with the mobile. This result was classically interpreted as evidence of reinforcement learning. Kelso and Fuchs ...
Show moreThe mobile conjugate reinforcement (MCR) paradigm, made famous by Carolyn Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (Rovee & Rovee, 1969), has long been used to study infant learning and memory. In MCR studies, the infant's foot is tethered to a mobile hanging overhead, and the mobile responds directly to the infant's kicking. Infant kicking rate triples within a few minutes of interacting with the mobile. This result was classically interpreted as evidence of reinforcement learning. Kelso and Fuchs (2016) reinterpreted it as evidence that a coordinative structure, or functional synergy, forms between infant and mobile, triggering a positive feedback loop between the two. Positive feedback is proposed to give rise to an `Aha!' moment as the (prelinguistic) infant suddenly realizes it is an agent in control of the mobile's motion. While some have theorized the realization of self as causal agent emerges from organism-environment interactions, Kelso and Fuchs (2016) developed a mathematical model of the coordination dynamics between the infant and mobile, providing mechanistic explanations for the formation of agency. The current study was the first to measure movement of the mobile and analyze how dynamics of coordination between infant and mobile relate to possible transitions from spontaneous to intentional action. Novel measures of infant and mobile dynamics were used to test model predictions. Infant activity dropped drastically in response to non-contingent mobile movement and remained suppressed at the start of infant~mobile contingency, suggesting that mobile movement triggers a qualitatively different context for infants. This finding challenges the widely held assumption that mobile movement rewards and stimulates infant movement and calls into question the sufficiency of standard contingency detection cut-offs and explanations of conjugate reinforcement learning. Assessing coordination dynamics on a fine time scale using new analytical techniques made it possible to identify moments of agentive realization. Approaching agency as a relational phenomenon allowed for detailed characterization of the infant~mobile relationship and its role in the emergence of causal agency. In addition, the results revealed a number of surprising insights into agency formation such as the critical role of inactivity for agentive discovery and the possibility of intermediary stages or quasi-agentive states.
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Date Issued
2022
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013967
Subject Headings
Infants, Infants--Development, Developmental psychology
Format
Document (PDF)
How interpersonal coordination changes the self: Theory, experiment, and adaptive HKB model of social memory
Title
How interpersonal coordination changes the self: Theory, experiment, and adaptive HKB model of social memory.
Creator
Nordham, Craig A, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Tognoli, Emmanuelle, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
How one behaves after interacting with a friend may not be the same as before the interaction began What factors a ect the formation of social interactions between people and, once formed, how do social interactions leave lasting changes on individual behavior? In this dissertation, a thorough review and conceptual synthesis is provided Major features of coordination dynamics are demonstrated with examples from both the intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination literature that are...
Show moreHow one behaves after interacting with a friend may not be the same as before the interaction began What factors a ect the formation of social interactions between people and, once formed, how do social interactions leave lasting changes on individual behavior? In this dissertation, a thorough review and conceptual synthesis is provided Major features of coordination dynamics are demonstrated with examples from both the intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination literature that are interpreted via a conceptual scheme, the causal loops of coordination dynamics An empirical, behavioral study of interpersonal coordination was conducted to determine which spontaneous patterns of coordination formed and whether a remnant of the interaction ensued ("social memory") To assess social memory in dyads, the behavior preceding and following episodes of interaction was compared In the experiment, pairs of people sat facing one another and made continuous flexion-extension finger movements while a window acted as a shutter to control whether partners saw each other's movements Thus, vision ("social contact") allowed spontaneous information exchange between partners through observation Each trial consisted of three successive intervals lasting twenty seconds: without social contact ("me and you"), with social contact ("us"), and again without ("me and you") During social contact, a variety of patterns was observed ranging from phase coupling to transient or absent collective behavior Individuals also entered and exited social coordination differently In support of social memory, compared to before social contact, after contact ended participants tended to remain near each other's movement frequency Furthermore, the greater the stability of coupling, the more similar the partners' post-interactional frequencies were Proposing that the persistence of behavior in the absence of information exchange was the result of prior frequency adaptation, a mathematical model of human movement was implemented with Haken-Kelso-Bunz oscillators that reproduced the experimental findings, even individual dyadic patterns Parametric manipulations revealed multiple routes to persistence of behavior via the interplay of adaptation and other HKB model parameters The experimental results, the model, and their interpretation form the basis of a proposal for future research and possible therapeutic applications
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004793
Subject Headings
Ergodic theory, Dynamics, Conversation analysis--Social aspects, Social interaction, Social acceptance, Identity (Philosophical concept), Motivation (Psychology), Applied mathematics, Statistical physics
Format
Document (PDF)
The Coordination Dynamics of Multiple Agents
Title
The Coordination Dynamics of Multiple Agents.
Creator
Zhang, Mengsen, Tognoli, Emmanuelle, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
A fundamental question in Complexity Science is how numerous dynamic processes coordinate with each other on multiple levels of description to form a complex whole - a multiscale coordinative structure (e.g. a community of interacting people, organs, cells, molecules etc.). This dissertation includes a series of empirical, theoretical and methodological studies of rhythmic coordination between multiple agents to uncover dynamic principles underlying multiscale coordinative structures. First,...
Show moreA fundamental question in Complexity Science is how numerous dynamic processes coordinate with each other on multiple levels of description to form a complex whole - a multiscale coordinative structure (e.g. a community of interacting people, organs, cells, molecules etc.). This dissertation includes a series of empirical, theoretical and methodological studies of rhythmic coordination between multiple agents to uncover dynamic principles underlying multiscale coordinative structures. First, a new experimental paradigm was developed for studying coordination at multiple levels of description in intermediate-sized (N = 8) ensembles of humans. Based on this paradigm, coordination dynamics in 15 ensembles was examined experimentally, where the diversity of subjects movement frequency was manipulated to induce di erent grouping behavior. Phase coordination between subjects was found to be metastable with inphase and antiphase tendencies. Higher frequency diversity led to segregation between frequency groups, reduced intragroup coordination, and dispersion of dyadic phase relations (i.e. relations at di erent levels of description). Subsequently, a model was developed, successfully capturing these observations. The model reconciles the Kuramoto and the extended Haken-Kelso-Bunz model (for large- and small-scale coordination respectively) by adding the second-order coupling from the latter to the former. The second order coupling is indispensable in capturing experimental observations and connects behavioral complexity (i.e. multistability) of coordinative structures across scales. Both the experimental and theoretical studies revealed multiagent metastable coordination as a powerful mechanism for generating complex spatiotemporal patterns. Coexistence of multiple phase relations gives rise to many topologically distinct metastable patterns with di erent degrees of complexity. Finally, a new data-analytic tool was developed to quantify complex metastable patterns based on their topological features. The recurrence of topological features revealed important structures and transitions in high-dimensional dynamic patterns that eluded its non-topological counterparts. Taken together, the work has paved the way for a deeper understanding of multiscale coordinative structures.
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Date Issued
2018
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013111
Subject Headings
Complexity science, Coordination dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, Nonlinear systems and complexity
Format
Document (PDF)

Pages