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Title: Hippocampal CA1 activation during object memory encoding in the novel object recognition task.
Creator: Cinalli, David A., Stackman, Robert W., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Transcription and translation of proteins are required for the consolidation of episodic memory. Arc, an effector immediate early gene, has been linked to synaptic plasticity following learning and memory. It is well established that the rodent hippocampus is essential for processing spatial memory, but its role in processing object memory is a point of contention. Using immunohistochemical techniques, hippocampal sections were stained for arc proteins in the CA1 region of the dorsal...
Show moreTranscription and translation of proteins are required for the consolidation of episodic memory. Arc, an effector immediate early gene, has been linked to synaptic plasticity following learning and memory. It is well established that the rodent hippocampus is essential for processing spatial memory, but its role in processing object memory is a point of contention. Using immunohistochemical techniques, hippocampal sections were stained for arc proteins in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in mice following two variations of the novel object recognition (NOR) task. Results suggest mice that acquired strong object memory showed significant hippocampal activation. In mice that acquired weak object memory, hippocampal activation was not significantly different from controls. Arc expression was also examined in other hippocampal sub-regions, as well as in the perirhinal cortex. These results suggest that the mice must acquire a threshold amount of object information before the hippocampal CA1 region is engaged.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004436, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004436
Subject Headings: Association of ideas, Cellular control mechanisms, Cellular signal transduction, Episodic memory, Hippocampus (Brain) -- Physiology, Human information processing, Mice as laboratory animals
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Hey God, It’s Me: Development and Initial Validation of the Personal Prayer Content Scale.
Creator: Schipper, Lucas D., Vallacher, Robin R., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: I present the development and initial validation a new measure designed to assess specific personal prayer content I used feedback from men and women, along with a review of the relevant literature, to identify specific prayer content for inclusion in the Personal Prayer Content Scale (PPCS) (Study 1) I administered the PPCS to a sample of participants from southeast Florida and southeast Michigan allowing for a cross-national investigation of the specific content of the thoughts that...
Show moreI present the development and initial validation a new measure designed to assess specific personal prayer content I used feedback from men and women, along with a review of the relevant literature, to identify specific prayer content for inclusion in the Personal Prayer Content Scale (PPCS) (Study 1) I administered the PPCS to a sample of participants from southeast Florida and southeast Michigan allowing for a cross-national investigation of the specific content of the thoughts that individuals privately direct towards a god, gods, or god-like entity (Study 2) I compared men’s and women’s responses (Study 3) and responses between Christians and non-Christians (Study 4) on the PPCS The results provide evidence for the reliability and discriminant validity of the PPCS by demonstrating that personal prayer content predicts aspects of religiosity and is equally valid for men and women and Christians and non-Christians A validated PPCS may be of theoretical, empirical, and practical value
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004797
Subject Headings: Psychology, Religious, Spirituality--Psychology, Psychology and religion, Faith development
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Maternal influence on early infant emotional regulation: A study of 3-month infant behavior, cortisol and frontal EEG.
Creator: Sloan, Aliza T., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Prenatal maternal stress and mood, and early postnatal mother-infant interactions set the stage for the child’s psychobiological, neurological and social development. While a large body of research connecting maternal depression to infant EEG asymmetry exists, the current study sought to add to the sparse literature on maternal anxiety and infant EEG. Mother-infant dyads were assessed prenatally during the third trimester, soon after birth, at 6 weeks and 3 months postnatal. Association...
Show morePrenatal maternal stress and mood, and early postnatal mother-infant interactions set the stage for the child’s psychobiological, neurological and social development. While a large body of research connecting maternal depression to infant EEG asymmetry exists, the current study sought to add to the sparse literature on maternal anxiety and infant EEG. Mother-infant dyads were assessed prenatally during the third trimester, soon after birth, at 6 weeks and 3 months postnatal. Association between maternal depression and later development of right mid-frontal alpha asymmetry was confirmed, while trends suggested maternal anxiety may be associated with lateral frontal alpha asymmetry. Greater maternal sensitivity and anxiety were each associated with lower post-stressor cortisol in infants with right frontal asymmetry. Greater time spent in mutual gaze was associated with positive infant affect. Finally, quality mother-infant dynamics encourage positive infant affect and healthy physiological stress regulation even when brain patterns associated with dysregulation have been established.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00005929
Subject Headings: Dissertations, Academic -- Florida Atlantic University, Mother and infant., Infant Behavior., Cortisol., Emotion., Frontal Lobe--physiology., Electroencephalography--Psychological aspects.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Mirror neurons: imitation and emotional differences among males and females.
Creator: Reale, AmberRose, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The mirror neuron system consists of a specific class of visuomotor neurons, which fire for both observation and execution of an action (di Pellegrino et al., 1992), as well as showing differences for empathy and gender. Fifty males (M = 25.94) and fifty females (M = 25.48) watched short clips of a hand tapping fingers in a sequence in neutral and emotional settings. Participants were asked to imitate emotions while watching and repeating the finger sequences. A univariate ANOVA discovered...
Show moreThe mirror neuron system consists of a specific class of visuomotor neurons, which fire for both observation and execution of an action (di Pellegrino et al., 1992), as well as showing differences for empathy and gender. Fifty males (M = 25.94) and fifty females (M = 25.48) watched short clips of a hand tapping fingers in a sequence in neutral and emotional settings. Participants were asked to imitate emotions while watching and repeating the finger sequences. A univariate ANOVA discovered significant differences in response times for males and females in the emotion trials, which were eliminated when empathy was included in the analysis. Findings show those higher in empathy are faster at imitation of a motor task in emotional settings.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004153
Subject Headings: Affective neuroscience, Emotions -- Psychological aspects, Form perception -- Physiological aspects, Pattern perception -- Physiological aspects, Perception -- Physiological aspects, Sex differences
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Multisensory Cues Facilitate Infants’ Ability to Discriminate Other-Race Faces.
Creator: Minar, Nicholas J., Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Our everyday world consists of people and objects that are usually specified by dynamic and concurrent auditory and visual attributes, which is known to increase perceptual salience and, therefore, facilitate learning and discrimination in infancy. Interestingly, early experience with faces and vocalizations has two seemingly opposite effects during the first year of life, 1) it enables infants to gradually acquire perceptual expertise for the faces and vocalizations of their own race and, 2)...
Show moreOur everyday world consists of people and objects that are usually specified by dynamic and concurrent auditory and visual attributes, which is known to increase perceptual salience and, therefore, facilitate learning and discrimination in infancy. Interestingly, early experience with faces and vocalizations has two seemingly opposite effects during the first year of life, 1) it enables infants to gradually acquire perceptual expertise for the faces and vocalizations of their own race and, 2) it narrows their ability to discriminate the faces of other-race faces (Kelly et al., 2007). It is not known whether multisensory redundancy might help older infants overcome the other-race effect reported in previous studies. The current project investigated infant discrimination of dynamic and vocalizing other-race faces in younger and older infants using habituation and eye-tracking methodologies. Experiment 1 examined 4-6 and 10-12-month-old infants' ability to discriminate either a native or non-native face articulating the syllable /a/. Results showed that both the 4-6- and the 10-12-month-olds successfully discriminated the faces,regardless of whether they were same- or other-race faces. Experiment 2 investigated the contribution of auditory speech cues by repeating Experiment 1 but in silence. Results showed that only the 10-12-month-olds tested with native-race faces successfully discriminated them. Experiment 3 investigated whether it was speech per se or sound in general that facilitated discrimination of the other-race faces in Experiment 1 by presenting a synchronous, computer-generated "boing" sound instead of audible speech cues. Results indicated that the 4-6-month olds discriminated both types of faces but that 10-12-month-olds only discriminated own-race faces. These results indicate that auditory cues, along with dynamic visual cues, can help infants overcome the effects of previously reported narrowing and facilitate discrimination of other-race static, silent faces. Critically, our results show that older infants can overcome the other race-effect when dynamic faces are accompanied by speech but not when they are accompanied by non- speech cues. Overall, a generalized auditory facilitation effect was found as a result of multisensory speech. Moreover, our findings suggest that infants' ability to process other- race faces following perceptual narrowing is more plastic than previously thought.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004525
Subject Headings: Cognition in children, Individual differences in children, Infant psychology, Infants -- Development, Intersensory effects, Perception in infants
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Approach, A voidance, and the Mouse Paradigm: An Examination of Wording and Relationships with Other Hedonic Constructs.
Creator: Saigal, Elizabeth Anne, Florida Atlantic University, Monson, Thomas C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The two principal areas of research addressed by this study were: a) further validation of Nowak and Vallacher's mouse paradigm, and b) comparison of literatures all theoretically derived from principles of hedonics. Validation of the mouse paradigm included examination of the instructional set and detection of individual differences in various hedonically derived measures of personality. The mouse instructions were framed in terms of approach ('less good ' versus ' more good') or in terms of...
Show moreThe two principal areas of research addressed by this study were: a) further validation of Nowak and Vallacher's mouse paradigm, and b) comparison of literatures all theoretically derived from principles of hedonics. Validation of the mouse paradigm included examination of the instructional set and detection of individual differences in various hedonically derived measures of personality. The mouse instructions were framed in terms of approach ('less good ' versus ' more good') or in terms of avoidance (' more bad' versus ' less bad ' ). Inclusion of inventories based on the principles of approach and avoidance allowed for examination of convergent and discriminant validity. The mouse procedure was able to differentiate self-esteem, self-stability, introversion/extraversion, neuroticism/emotional stability, and Strelau's Pavlovian mobility. Depending on the prime used, some differentiation was also seen with measures of attachment. Differentiation was not found with the mouse procedure for Strelau's Pavlovian measures of strength of excitation and strength of inhibition. Two factor analyses of the questionnaires used gave rise to conceptually positive and negative components. The positive component was related to self-esteem, self-stability, extraversion, strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, mobility, and inversely related to anxiety and neuroticism. The negative component positively loaded on neuroticism, avoidance, dismissing attachment, and fearful attachment, and negatively loaded on selfesteem, self-stability, and secure attachment. These components were compared with Vallacher and Nowak's hedonically based mouse paradigm measures. They were consistently found to correlate with distance under the approach prime and variability in distance under the avoidance prime. This suggests that individuals who score highly on conceptually positive constructs (approach temperaments) have more stable absolute attitudes whereas individuals who score higher on conceptually negative constructs (avoidance temperaments) have greater variability in attitude. The approach instructions initially gave rise to lower evaluation, more variability, and less time at rest than the avoidance instructions. This trend was reflected in the increase in correlations over time under the positive hedonic condition and a decrease in correlations with time under the negative hedonic condition. These results suggest a suppression effect with negative framing.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000876
Subject Headings: Social psychology, Intimacy (Psychology), Attachment behavior, Object relations (Psychoanalysis)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE, TESTOSTERONE, AND DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE ON THE MALE AND FEMALE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF THE FEMALE RAT.
Creator: KAPLAN, PETER L., Florida Atlantic University, Singer, Jay J., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Twenty-six 75-day-old, ovariectomized Long-Evans female rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten and one group of six animals. The ten Group I Ss received, in consecutive treatment periods, 2 mg progesterone (P-2) daily, 2 mg testosterone propiorate (TP-2) daily, TP-2 daily plus P-2 every fourth day, and P-2 every fourth day. The ten Group II Ss received, in consecutive treatment periods, P-2 every fourth day, and 4 mg dihydrotestosterone (DHT-4) daily plus P-2 every fourth day. Both...
Show moreTwenty-six 75-day-old, ovariectomized Long-Evans female rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten and one group of six animals. The ten Group I Ss received, in consecutive treatment periods, 2 mg progesterone (P-2) daily, 2 mg testosterone propiorate (TP-2) daily, TP-2 daily plus P-2 every fourth day, and P-2 every fourth day. The ten Group II Ss received, in consecutive treatment periods, P-2 every fourth day, and 4 mg dihydrotestosterone (DHT-4) daily plus P-2 every fourth day. Both Groups I and II were tested for female sexual behavior. A significant increase in the lordosis response was observed only in Group I Ss after receiving TP-2 plus P-2 every fourth day. Group III Ss were tested for male sexual behavior after receiving DHT-4 daily. Male sexual behavior increased significantly after DHT-4 treatments. It was concluded that progesterone exerts a facilitatory effect on female sexual behavior only when the Ss have been previously primed with an aromatizable androgen and that dihydrotestosterone is capable of inducing male sexual behavior in female rats.
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Date Issued: 1973
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13576
Subject Headings: Sexual behavior in animals, Hormones, Sex
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Effects of Non-reinforced Test Trials on Transposition.
Creator: Royal, Jackson W., Adamson, Robert E., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Ten male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing...
Show moreTen male albino rats were trained In a brightness discrimination problem where they were reQuired to choose a sttmulus value of 0.053 ft/cd over one of 0.012 ft/cd. Pairs were matched accordlng to the number of trials requtred to reach a criterion of 18/20 correct responses then randomly assigned to one of two grouos for testing In transposition. Both groups were tested on the orlgtnally positive stimulus and a brighter one: 1.25 ft/cd for Group 8-C and 5.38 ft/cd for Group 8-D. By testing for transposttlon wtth non-reinforced trials, contrary to the usual method, a tendency toward converging measures of transposltton was achteved. Transposition for Group 8-D, In the situation most dissimilar to training, was greater than for 8-C. These results were discussed from relational or Gestalt, Spence model, and Adaptation Level positions and It was shown that the results are contrary to traditional Gestalt predictions. It was oredlcted that, according to underlying assumptions of the Spence model, with continued non-reinforced trials, per cent of transposition for both groups would decrease until a chance level of responding was reached. That this did not occur cannot be explained by the Spence model. Because the variability was too great with such a small N, these results did not reach the .05 level of probability.
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Date Issued: 1968
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00012596
Subject Headings: Transfer of training, Discrimination learning, Extinction (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Conflict in close relationships: The roles of process, relationship, and conflict issue.
Creator: Jones, Charles Eric, Florida Atlantic University, Richardson, Deborah R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: A two (process) by two (relationship) by two (issue) design was implemented in order to investigate the effects of the process used to deal with a conflict, the relationship of those involved in the conflict, and the issue that the conflict is centered around. Subjects read one of eight different scenario types and rated them on their satisfaction with the process used, the relationship of those involved in the conflict, and the outcome of the conflict. It was predicted that a three-way...
Show moreA two (process) by two (relationship) by two (issue) design was implemented in order to investigate the effects of the process used to deal with a conflict, the relationship of those involved in the conflict, and the issue that the conflict is centered around. Subjects read one of eight different scenario types and rated them on their satisfaction with the process used, the relationship of those involved in the conflict, and the outcome of the conflict. It was predicted that a three-way interaction between the independent variables would occur. Support for the predictions was found. Results are discussed in light of past interpersonal and organizational literature.
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Date Issued: 1994
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15111
Subject Headings: Interpersonal relations, Conflict (Psychology), Conflict management, Adjustment (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Does children's attachment style influence children's perception of the parent?.
Creator: Kabbas, Diane R., Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: This thesis examined the possibility of meaningful associations between children's attachment styles in middle childhood and children's perceptions of the parent. Participants were 199 students (94 males, 105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years) from a Florida university school. The children were administered self-report measures and peer-report nomination measures. Five attachment coping strategies (preoccupied, indecisive, avoidant, coercive, and caregiving) and...
Show moreThis thesis examined the possibility of meaningful associations between children's attachment styles in middle childhood and children's perceptions of the parent. Participants were 199 students (94 males, 105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years) from a Florida university school. The children were administered self-report measures and peer-report nomination measures. Five attachment coping strategies (preoccupied, indecisive, avoidant, coercive, and caregiving) and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior (reliable support, overprotection, harassment, and fear induction) were assessed and numerous and meaningful associations were found. For example, perceived maternal overprotection was positively associated with preoccupied coping. Significant associations were also found between our avoidant, coercive, indecisive, and caregiving coping measures and perceived maternal reliable support, harassment, and fear induction. Our numerous and significant findings lend further support for the usefulness and value of our concurrent correlational self-report measures and to justify future longitudinal research to compare alternative models.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13271
Subject Headings: Attachment behavior in children, Parent and child--Research, Adjustment (Psychology), Attachment behavior in adolescence, Mother and child, Child development
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Female Directed Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective.
Creator: Starratt, Valerie G., Florida Atlantic University, Shackelford, Todd K., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Over human evolutionary history, men faced the adaptive problem of cuckoldry, or the unwitting investment in genetically unrelated offspring. As cuckoldry is potentially so reproductively costly, men may have evolved anti-cuckoldry psychological adaptations. Sexual coercion has been hypothesized as one class of anti-cuckoldry behaviors. By sexually coercing an intimate partner, a man may reduce the risk of cuckoldry by placing his sperm in competition with a rival male's spenn, should his...
Show moreOver human evolutionary history, men faced the adaptive problem of cuckoldry, or the unwitting investment in genetically unrelated offspring. As cuckoldry is potentially so reproductively costly, men may have evolved anti-cuckoldry psychological adaptations. Sexual coercion has been hypothesized as one class of anti-cuckoldry behaviors. By sexually coercing an intimate partner, a man may reduce the risk of cuckoldry by placing his sperm in competition with a rival male's spenn, should his partner have been sexually unfaithful. I will present three studies that investigate the role of female infidelity, an assessment of risk of spenn competition and subsequent cuckoldry, in predicting male sexual coercion in the context of an intimate relationship.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000879
Subject Headings: Sex roles, Behavior (Psychology)--Social aspects, Violence in men, Man-woman relationships, Sperm competition
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Perspective-Taking in Evaluating Conflict.
Creator: White, Elizabeth Courtney, Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Conflicts between groups are affected by myriad historical and situational factors. Yet people are rarely overwhelmed by this complexity and are able to adopt a coherent depiction of the conflict, often with an unequivocal allocation of blame to one group. A person's final judgment tells only a fraction of the story. To uncover the whole story, numerous factors must be considered. Two such factors are whether the person harbors implicit prejudice toward an involved group and whether the way...
Show moreConflicts between groups are affected by myriad historical and situational factors. Yet people are rarely overwhelmed by this complexity and are able to adopt a coherent depiction of the conflict, often with an unequivocal allocation of blame to one group. A person's final judgment tells only a fraction of the story. To uncover the whole story, numerous factors must be considered. Two such factors are whether the person harbors implicit prejudice toward an involved group and whether the way in which relevant information is presented will allow for the emergence of perspective-taking and provide insight into the conflict that will aid third-party observes in making a coherent end judgment. This research explored the role of anti-Muslim prejudice and perspectivetaking in allocating blame for an ambiguous conflict between two groups that differed only on the dimension of religion (Muslim vs. Christian). Participants completed two measures of prejudice-an anti-Muslim Implicit Association Test and an explicit antiMuslim prejudice questionnaire. Participants then viewed one of two versions of a filmed conflict scene. While both films were identical in content, the order of their contents was reversed (conflict first vs. history first). Participants were then asked to allocate blame for the conflict to one group over the other. Following this judgment of blame, participants recorded their thoughts and feelings regarding this judgment into an audio recorder. These recordings were then played back while they used the Mouse Paradigm to express the feelings portrayed in their recordings. Results indicated no relationship between explicit prejudice and allocation of blame. Implicit prejudice scores were strongly related to allocation of blame, with increases in IAT scores positively correlating with blame of the Muslim group. Results also suggested a link between performance on the lA T and the Mouse Paradigm. More specifically, the results suggest that IAT performance may predict performance on the Mouse Paradigm. Additional results provided by the Mouse Paradigm provided insight into the deliberative processes taking place during the allocation of blame. Future research should explore the link between lA T scores and Mouse Paradigm performance and should be extended to include other forms of the lAT.
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000884
Subject Headings: Social psychology, Influence (Psychology), Persuasion (Psychology), Stereotype (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES OF TWO PROCEDURES FOR THE EXTINCTION OF DISCRIMINATED AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING.
Creator: JACKSON, MASON CALVIN, JR., Florida Atlantic University, Otten, Cynthia S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Eighteen rats were used to study two procedures for the extinction of discriminated avoidance. One group (OE) was placed on extinction defined by presenting shocks as programmed but independently of the S's responses, while the other group (CE) was placed on classical extinction defined by the removal of all shocks. The two procedures were compared in terms of rate of decline and terminal level of extinction performance. In addition, the two groups were placed on a discrimination reversal...
Show moreEighteen rats were used to study two procedures for the extinction of discriminated avoidance. One group (OE) was placed on extinction defined by presenting shocks as programmed but independently of the S's responses, while the other group (CE) was placed on classical extinction defined by the removal of all shocks. The two procedures were compared in terms of rate of decline and terminal level of extinction performance. In addition, the two groups were placed on a discrimination reversal task in order to assess each procedure's effects on a new learning problem. The CE group reached a lower level of extinction performance in a fewer number of blocks than the OE Ss. Furthermore, the CE Ss were inferior to the OE Ss in terms of discrimination reversal performance as well. An interpretation of the results in terms of the removal and reinstatement of cues was offered although an alternative explanation relating to a change in the motivational states of the two groups during extinction was also presented. The interpretation in terms of the presence or absence of cues seemed to account for more of the present findings than the traditional one advocating changes in motivational levels resulting from the two divergent extinction operations.
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Date Issued: 1971
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13433
Subject Headings: Extinction (Psychology), Discrimination learning, Avoidance (Psychology)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE ROLE OF ASSOCIATIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION IN CHILDREN'S MEMORY.
Creator: JACOBS, JOHN WILLIAM, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Cognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with...
Show moreCognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with lists of 20 words under free-recall instructions. Results provide support for the position that recall memory of young children is mediated primarily by associative rather than conceptual relationships. Also, partial support was obtained for the three stage model of the development of organization proposed by Bjorklund and Zeman (1982). However, the model's prediction of when children will optimally use associative relationships to identify categorized relations was inaccurate. These results indicate that older childrens' recall can be facilitated by automatic cognitive processes resulting in higher levels of clustering (organization) and recall.
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Date Issued: 1984
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14187
Subject Headings: Memory in children, Association of ideas, Cognition in children
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Temporal organization of memory strategies on a sort/recall task.
Creator: Park, Cynthia Louise Smith, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description: This study examined the temporal structure of children's study behaviors on a sort/recall task. Forty-two fifth-grade children were given six sort/recall trials, each consisting of a two-minute study period followed by a recall assessment. Three trials used the same word list on each trial, while three trials used different word lists on each trial. Half of the participants received the different word list trials first while the order was reversed for the remaining participants. Results were...
Show moreThis study examined the temporal structure of children's study behaviors on a sort/recall task. Forty-two fifth-grade children were given six sort/recall trials, each consisting of a two-minute study period followed by a recall assessment. Three trials used the same word list on each trial, while three trials used different word lists on each trial. Half of the participants received the different word list trials first while the order was reversed for the remaining participants. Results were analyzed for differences between recall groups, type of word list used, and presentation order of the trials. High recallers demonstrated stronger temporal patterns of study behaviors than did low recallers (as measured by Fourier analysis of time series data). High recallers also showed stronger tendencies to use behaviors that facilitated performance in close temporal proximity. Type of word list affected recall and temporal patterns of a portion of the study behaviors analyzed.
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Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15580
Subject Headings: Study skills, Recollection (Psychology), Memory
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An investigation of the possible intermittent dynamics in the transition region between two modes of behavior using delays.
Creator: Holroyd, Tom, Florida Atlantic University, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: In this thesis the transition region between two modes of behavior is explored using a novel technique, delayed feedback, and a variety of dynamical systems measures. In a previous study, Engstrom, Kelso, and Holroyd (to appear) established the existence of a transition between anticipatory and reactive behavior in a sensorimotor coordination task as a control parameter (frequency) was varied. Here, in order to explore the hypothesis that the behavioral dynamics during this transition are...
Show moreIn this thesis the transition region between two modes of behavior is explored using a novel technique, delayed feedback, and a variety of dynamical systems measures. In a previous study, Engstrom, Kelso, and Holroyd (to appear) established the existence of a transition between anticipatory and reactive behavior in a sensorimotor coordination task as a control parameter (frequency) was varied. Here, in order to explore the hypothesis that the behavioral dynamics during this transition are intermittent in character, subjects were asked to synchronize with a metronome that was actually a delayed copy of their own response pattern. The use of delayed feedback was expected to destabilize the behavioral dynamics enough to allow the observation of hypothesized intermittent phenomena. Use of delayed feedback was shown to destabilize synchronization, resulting in the emergence of a new behavioral pattern in the transition region that exhibited complex "bursting" dynamics. Analysis revealed that this bursting behavior displays many of the characteristics common to intermittency, which supports the idea that the anticipation-reaction transition is the result of a neurobehavioral dynamical system losing stability. Living in the vicinity of instabilities may be an important mechanism for biological organisms to maintain both flexibility and stability.
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Date Issued: 1994
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15042
Subject Headings: Biological rhythms, Human mechanics, Circadian rhythms, Biological control systems
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The development of math strategies in a sociocultural context.
Creator: Hubertz, Martha J., Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Current studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of...
Show moreCurrent studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of a modified version of "Chutes and Ladders" with one of their parents. Children's strategy use and parents' behavior were coded and analyzed. Results indicate that parents usually provided appropriate support to their children, providing more direction and assistance to the children who required them, and less to those who did not.
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Date Issued: 1999
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15731
Subject Headings: Mathematical ability, Problem solving in children, Cognition in children
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Gender, relationships, and social interaction among senior citizens.
Creator: Schatten, Elizabeth Christine, Florida Atlantic University, Richardson, Deborah R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The present study was designed to examine the effects of gender and relationship on the quantity and quality of daily social interaction for senior citizens. Eighty-two women and 32 men (mean age 71 years) used the Rochester Interaction Record to record quantitative and qualitative information about every interaction which lasted more than 10 minutes for 2 weeks. Gender analyses revealed that same-gender interaction was most common for all participants (spouse excluded). Males and females...
Show moreThe present study was designed to examine the effects of gender and relationship on the quantity and quality of daily social interaction for senior citizens. Eighty-two women and 32 men (mean age 71 years) used the Rochester Interaction Record to record quantitative and qualitative information about every interaction which lasted more than 10 minutes for 2 weeks. Gender analyses revealed that same-gender interaction was most common for all participants (spouse excluded). Males and females reported that interactions with females only were more intimate than interactions with males only or with mixed-gender others. Spousal analyses showed that participants interacted with spouse as much as with same-gender others, however, spousal interactions were reported to be more intimate than same or opposite-gender interactions. Participants reported interacting with nonfamily more than with family. In addition, interactions with family were reported to be qualitatively equal to interactions with nonfamily. For future research it will be important to consider how these quantitative and qualitative characteristics of interaction relate to well-being.
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Date Issued: 1996
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15362
Subject Headings: Aging--Social aspects, Older people--Attitudes, Older people--Psychology, Man-woman relationships
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Gender Stereotypes and Gender Identity as Interacting Influences on Children's Self-Concepts: A Self-Socialization Model of Gender Development.
Creator: Tobin, Desiree Denise, Florida Atlantic University, Perry, David G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: The goal of this study was to test the gender self-socialization model (GSSM). This model suggests that gender identity motivates children to strive for cognitive consistency between their gender stereotypes and their self-efficacy for those stereotypes. This study presents a novel approach to stereotype assessment by focusing on children's idiosyncratic stereotypes (as opposed to number of commonly shared stereotypes, which do not provide detailed information about the types of stereotypes...
Show moreThe goal of this study was to test the gender self-socialization model (GSSM). This model suggests that gender identity motivates children to strive for cognitive consistency between their gender stereotypes and their self-efficacy for those stereotypes. This study presents a novel approach to stereotype assessment by focusing on children's idiosyncratic stereotypes (as opposed to number of commonly shared stereotypes, which do not provide detailed information about the types of stereotypes individual children hold). Participants were 305 children in grades three through eight (Mage = 10.8 years). Independent variables included children's stereotypes of 62 contextually tagged behaviors and gender identity (comprising five dimensions). Interactive influences of children's stereotypes and gender identity on self-efficacy were investigated. As expected, stereotypes and gender identity worked together to predict children's self-efficacy perception for the 62 behaviors. These findings suggest that the role of gender identity is important in the adoption of personally held gender stereotypes.
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Date Issued: 2007
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000881
Subject Headings: Psychology, Social, Psychology, Developmental, Self in children, Self--Social aspects, Identity (Psychology), Social interaction
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Infant Jealousy Responses: Temperament and EEG.
Creator: Mize, Krystal D., Florida Atlantic University, Jones, Nancy Aaron, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description: Jealousy results from the fear of loss of an important relationship partner or his/her exclusive attention (Neu, 1980; Tov-Ruach, 1980). Infants are dependant on their caregivers for basic needs and emotional support. Therefore, if an infant perceives that a rival threatens the parent-child dyad relationship, it is possible that the infant will respond in a jealous manner just as adults do when their important relationships are threatened . Although infants have limited emotional...
Show moreJealousy results from the fear of loss of an important relationship partner or his/her exclusive attention (Neu, 1980; Tov-Ruach, 1980). Infants are dependant on their caregivers for basic needs and emotional support. Therefore, if an infant perceives that a rival threatens the parent-child dyad relationship, it is possible that the infant will respond in a jealous manner just as adults do when their important relationships are threatened . Although infants have limited emotional understanding, Palmer and Palmer (2002) suggest that jealousy evolved out of other resource-protecting drives. Because parental care is a valuable resource, supporting survival, infants may have at least precursory jealousy capabilities. Research on infant jealousy is minimal however, Hart and Carrington (2002) characterized approach responses to the loss of maternal attention to a life-like doll as jealousy. The purpose ofthe current repeated-measures research design is to provide a conceptual replication of previous infant jealousy research. Whether infant jealousy responses are moderated by individuals approach or withdrawal tendencies, is still to be determined and is another focus of the current research. Temperamental characteristics may influence emotional responses and asymmetrical frontal brain activity is associated with individual differences in emotional responding (see Coan & Allen, 2004 for a review). Therefore baseline electroencephalography (EEG) is collected in the current research followed by subjecting 15 infants (mean age = 12.87 months) to two maternal ignoring conditions, one involving the mother attending to a social object (lifelike doll) and a control condition in which the mother attends to a non-social object (book). Results show that infants respond differentially to the two conditions with increased approach behaviors, arousal, and negative affect in the doll condition. The infants' responses in the social-object condition are identified as jealousy, suggesting that infants are capable of at least some complex emotional experiences. v
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Date Issued: 2008
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000870
Subject Headings: Parent and infant, Social perception in children, Child psychology, Behavioral assessment of infants
Format: Document (PDF)

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