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ROLE OF ASSOCIATIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION IN CHILDREN'S MEMORY
Title
THE ROLE OF ASSOCIATIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION IN CHILDREN'S MEMORY.
Creator
JACOBS, JOHN WILLIAM, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Cognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with...
Show moreCognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with lists of 20 words under free-recall instructions. Results provide support for the position that recall memory of young children is mediated primarily by associative rather than conceptual relationships. Also, partial support was obtained for the three stage model of the development of organization proposed by Bjorklund and Zeman (1982). However, the model's prediction of when children will optimally use associative relationships to identify categorized relations was inaccurate. These results indicate that older childrens' recall can be facilitated by automatic cognitive processes resulting in higher levels of clustering (organization) and recall.
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Date Issued
1984
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14187
Subject Headings
Memory in children, Association of ideas, Cognition in children
Format
Document (PDF)
Temporal organization of memory strategies on a sort/recall task
Title
Temporal organization of memory strategies on a sort/recall task.
Creator
Park, Cynthia Louise Smith, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
This study examined the temporal structure of children's study behaviors on a sort/recall task. Forty-two fifth-grade children were given six sort/recall trials, each consisting of a two-minute study period followed by a recall assessment. Three trials used the same word list on each trial, while three trials used different word lists on each trial. Half of the participants received the different word list trials first while the order was reversed for the remaining participants. Results were...
Show moreThis study examined the temporal structure of children's study behaviors on a sort/recall task. Forty-two fifth-grade children were given six sort/recall trials, each consisting of a two-minute study period followed by a recall assessment. Three trials used the same word list on each trial, while three trials used different word lists on each trial. Half of the participants received the different word list trials first while the order was reversed for the remaining participants. Results were analyzed for differences between recall groups, type of word list used, and presentation order of the trials. High recallers demonstrated stronger temporal patterns of study behaviors than did low recallers (as measured by Fourier analysis of time series data). High recallers also showed stronger tendencies to use behaviors that facilitated performance in close temporal proximity. Type of word list affected recall and temporal patterns of a portion of the study behaviors analyzed.
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Date Issued
1998
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15580
Subject Headings
Study skills, Recollection (Psychology), Memory
Format
Document (PDF)
development of math strategies in a sociocultural context
Title
The development of math strategies in a sociocultural context.
Creator
Hubertz, Martha J., Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Current studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of...
Show moreCurrent studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of a modified version of "Chutes and Ladders" with one of their parents. Children's strategy use and parents' behavior were coded and analyzed. Results indicate that parents usually provided appropriate support to their children, providing more direction and assistance to the children who required them, and less to those who did not.
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Date Issued
1999
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15731
Subject Headings
Mathematical ability, Problem solving in children, Cognition in children
Format
Document (PDF)
Infant Jealousy Responses: Temperament and EEG
Title
Infant Jealousy Responses: Temperament and EEG.
Creator
Mize, Krystal D., Florida Atlantic University, Jones, Nancy Aaron, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Jealousy results from the fear of loss of an important relationship partner or his/her exclusive attention (Neu, 1980; Tov-Ruach, 1980). Infants are dependant on their caregivers for basic needs and emotional support. Therefore, if an infant perceives that a rival threatens the parent-child dyad relationship, it is possible that the infant will respond in a jealous manner just as adults do when their important relationships are threatened . Although infants have limited emotional...
Show moreJealousy results from the fear of loss of an important relationship partner or his/her exclusive attention (Neu, 1980; Tov-Ruach, 1980). Infants are dependant on their caregivers for basic needs and emotional support. Therefore, if an infant perceives that a rival threatens the parent-child dyad relationship, it is possible that the infant will respond in a jealous manner just as adults do when their important relationships are threatened . Although infants have limited emotional understanding, Palmer and Palmer (2002) suggest that jealousy evolved out of other resource-protecting drives. Because parental care is a valuable resource, supporting survival, infants may have at least precursory jealousy capabilities. Research on infant jealousy is minimal however, Hart and Carrington (2002) characterized approach responses to the loss of maternal attention to a life-like doll as jealousy. The purpose ofthe current repeated-measures research design is to provide a conceptual replication of previous infant jealousy research. Whether infant jealousy responses are moderated by individuals approach or withdrawal tendencies, is still to be determined and is another focus of the current research. Temperamental characteristics may influence emotional responses and asymmetrical frontal brain activity is associated with individual differences in emotional responding (see Coan & Allen, 2004 for a review). Therefore baseline electroencephalography (EEG) is collected in the current research followed by subjecting 15 infants (mean age = 12.87 months) to two maternal ignoring conditions, one involving the mother attending to a social object (lifelike doll) and a control condition in which the mother attends to a non-social object (book). Results show that infants respond differentially to the two conditions with increased approach behaviors, arousal, and negative affect in the doll condition. The infants' responses in the social-object condition are identified as jealousy, suggesting that infants are capable of at least some complex emotional experiences. v
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000870
Subject Headings
Parent and infant, Social perception in children, Child psychology, Behavioral assessment of infants
Format
Document (PDF)

Pages