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Title: An empirical methodology for foundry specific submicroncmos analog circuit design.
Creator: Rivas-Torres, Wilfredo, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Analog CMOS amplifiers are the building blocks for many analog circuit applications such as Operational Amplifiers, Comparators, Analog to Digital converters and others. This dissertation presents empirical design methodologies that are both intuitive and easy to follow on how to design these basic building blocks. The design method involves two main phases. In the first phase NMOS and PMOS transistor design kits, provided by a semiconductor foundry, are fully characterized using a set of...
Show moreAnalog CMOS amplifiers are the building blocks for many analog circuit applications such as Operational Amplifiers, Comparators, Analog to Digital converters and others. This dissertation presents empirical design methodologies that are both intuitive and easy to follow on how to design these basic building blocks. The design method involves two main phases. In the first phase NMOS and PMOS transistor design kits, provided by a semiconductor foundry, are fully characterized using a set of simulation experiments. In the second phase the user is capable of modifying all the relevant circuit design parameters while directly observing the tradeoffs in the circuit performance specifications. The final design is a circuit that very closely meets a set of desired design specifications for the design parameters selected. That second phase of the proposed design methodology utilizes a graphical user interface in which the designer moves a series of sliders allowing assessment of various design tradeoffs. The theoretical basis for this design methodology involves the transconductance efficiency and inversion coefficient parameters. In this dissertation there are no restrictive assumptions about the MOS transistor models. The design methodology can be used with any submicron model supported by the foundry process and in this sense the methods included within are general and non-dependent on any specific MOSFET model (e.g. EKV or BSIM3). As part of the design tradeoffs assessment process variations are included during the design process rather than as part of some post-nominal-design analysis. One of the central design parameters of each transistor in the circuit is the MOSFET inversion coefficient. The calculation of the inversion coefficient necessitates the determination of an important process parameter known as the Technology Current. In this dissertation a new method to determine the technology current is developed. Y Parameters are used to characterize the CMOS process and this also helps in improving the technology current determination method. A study of the properties of the technology current proves that indeed a single long channel saturated MOS transistor can be used to determine a fixed technology current value that is used in subsequent submicron CMOS design. Process corners and the variability of the technology current are also studied and the universality of the transconductance efficiency versus inversion coefficient response is shown to be true even in the presence of process variability.
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Date Issued: 2013
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004050
Subject Headings: Electron transport, Integrated circuits -- Design and construction, Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary -- Mathematical models
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Camera calibration techniques.
Creator: Xu, Xuan., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., Zhuang, Hanqi, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: In order to facilitate the implementation of RAC-based camera calibration technique, several issues are addressed in this thesis. First, a straightforward extension of the RAC-based camera calibration technique to the case of unknown camera specifications is given. Second, to speed up the calibration process and reduce numerical difficulties, a simplified RAC-based method is presented. The simplified RAC-based method provides a closed-form solution to the camera calibration problem. Third,...
Show moreIn order to facilitate the implementation of RAC-based camera calibration technique, several issues are addressed in this thesis. First, a straightforward extension of the RAC-based camera calibration technique to the case of unknown camera specifications is given. Second, to speed up the calibration process and reduce numerical difficulties, a simplified RAC-based method is presented. The simplified RAC-based method provides a closed-form solution to the camera calibration problem. Third, the PTM-based camera calibration technique is presented to give an example of pre-1985 camera calibration technique. Fourth, a method is devised to compute the ratio of scale factors. Finally, an optimization scheme is suggested to estimate image center. These modifications preserve all the advantages possessed by the original RAC-based calibration technique. The experiment results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the present methods.
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Date Issued: 1991
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14771
Subject Headings: Cameras--Calibration
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Derivation and identification of linearly parametrized robot manipulator dynamic models.
Creator: Xu, Hua., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., Zilouchian, Ali, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: The dissertation focuses on robot manipulator dynamic modeling, and inertial and kinematic parameters identification problem. An automatic dynamic parameters derivation symbolic algorithm is presented. This algorithm provides the linearly independent dynamic parameters set. It is shown that all the dynamic parameters are identifiable when the trajectory is persistently exciting. The parameters set satisfies the necessary condition of finding a persistently exciting trajectory. Since in...
Show moreThe dissertation focuses on robot manipulator dynamic modeling, and inertial and kinematic parameters identification problem. An automatic dynamic parameters derivation symbolic algorithm is presented. This algorithm provides the linearly independent dynamic parameters set. It is shown that all the dynamic parameters are identifiable when the trajectory is persistently exciting. The parameters set satisfies the necessary condition of finding a persistently exciting trajectory. Since in practice the system data matrix is corrupted with noise, conventional estimation methods do not converge to the true values. An error bound is given for Kalman filters. Total least squares method is introduced to obtain unbiased estimates. Simulations studies are presented for five particular identification methods. The simulations are performed under different noise levels. Observability problems for the inertial and kinematic parameters are investigated. U%wer certain conditions all L%wearly Independent Parameters derived from are observable. The inertial and kinematic parameters can be categorized into three parts according to their influences on the system dynamics. The dissertation gives an algorithm to classify these parameters.
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Date Issued: 1992
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12291
Subject Headings: Algorithms, Manipulators (Mechanism), Robots--Control systems
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Design and implementation of a control system for a laser-tracking measurement system.
Creator: Bai, Ying., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., Zhuang, Hanqi, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: To assess and evaluate the performance of robots and machine tools dynamically, it is desirable to have a precision measuring device that performs dynamic measurement of end-effector positions of such robots and machine tools. Among possible measurement techniques, Laser Tracking Systems (LTSs) exlnbit the capability of high accuracy, large workspace, high sampling rate, and automatic target-tracking,. and thus are well-suited for robot calibration both kinematically and dynamically. In this...
Show moreTo assess and evaluate the performance of robots and machine tools dynamically, it is desirable to have a precision measuring device that performs dynamic measurement of end-effector positions of such robots and machine tools. Among possible measurement techniques, Laser Tracking Systems (LTSs) exlnbit the capability of high accuracy, large workspace, high sampling rate, and automatic target-tracking,. and thus are well-suited for robot calibration both kinematically and dynamically. In this dissertation, the design and implementation of a control system for a homemade laser tracking measurement systems is addressed and calibration of a robot using the laser tracking system is demonstrated Design and development of a control system for a LTS is a challenging task. It involves a deep understanding of laser interferometry,. controls, mechanics and optics,. both in theoretical perspective and in implementation aspect. One of the most important requirements for a successful design and implementation of a control system for the LTS is proper installation and alignment of the laser and optical system,. or laser transducer system. The precision of measurement using the LTS depends highly on the accuracy of the laser transducer system, as well as the accuracy of the installation and alignment of the optical system. Hence, in reference to the experimental alignment method presented in this dissertation, major error sources affecting the system measurement accuracy are identified and analyzed. A manual compensation method is developed to eliminate the effects of these error sources effectively in the measurement system. Considerations on proper design and installation of laser and optical components are indicated in this dissertation. As a part of the conventional control system design, a dynamic system model of the LTS is required. In this study, a detailed derivation and analysis of the dynamic model of the motor gimbal system using Lagrange-Euler equations of motion is developed for both ideal and complete gimbal systems. Based on this system model,. a conventional controller is designed. Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are designed in order to suppress noise or disturbances that exist in the motor driver subsystem. By using the relevant control strategies. noise and disturbances present in the electrical control channels are shown to reduce significantly. To improve the system performance further, a spectrum analysis of the error sources and disturbances existing in the system is conducted. Major noise sources are effectively suppressed by using a two-stage fuzzy logic control strategy. A comparison study on the performances of different control strategies is given in this dissertation, in reference to the following: An ideal system model, a system with a long time delay, a system with various noise sources and a system model with uncertainties. Both simulation and experimental results are furnished to illustrate the advantages of the FLC in respect of its transient response, steady-state response, and tracking performance. Furthermore, noise reduction in the laser tracking system is demonstrated. Another important issue concerning a successful application of the LTS in the calibration of a robot is the estimation of system accuracy. Hence, a detailed analysis of system accuracy of the LTS is presented in this worL This analysis is also verified by experimental methods by means of tracking a Coordinate Measuring Machine available in the FAU Robotics Center. Using the developed LTS, a PUMA robot in the FAU Robotics Center is calibrated. The results obtained are confirmative with the data available in the literature. In summary, the proposed methodology towards the design and implementation of a control system for LTSs has been shown to be successful by performing experimental tracking and calibration studies at the FAU Robotics Center.
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Date Issued: 2000
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12622
Subject Headings: Robots--Calibration, Robots--Control systems, Fuzzy logic
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Design considerations in high-throughput automation for biotechnology protocols.
Creator: Cardona, Aura, Roth, Zvi S., Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: In this dissertation a computer-aided automation design methodology for biotechnology applications is proposed that leads to several design guidelines. Because of the biological nature of the samples that propagate in the automation line, a very specific set of environmental and maximum allowed shelf time conditions have to be followed to obtain good yield. In addition all biotechnology protocols require precise sequence of steps, the samples are scarce and the reagents are costly, so no...
Show moreIn this dissertation a computer-aided automation design methodology for biotechnology applications is proposed that leads to several design guidelines. Because of the biological nature of the samples that propagate in the automation line, a very specific set of environmental and maximum allowed shelf time conditions have to be followed to obtain good yield. In addition all biotechnology protocols require precise sequence of steps, the samples are scarce and the reagents are costly, so no waste can be afforded.
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Date Issued: 2014
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004272, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004272
Subject Headings: Biotechnological process control, Biotechnological process monitoring, Molecular biology -- Automation, Molecular biology -- Technique, Molecular cloning -- Technique, Pharmacognosy
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: THE DYNAMICS OF THE GENERALIZED MANIPULATOR.
Creator: LAU, TO-CHOI., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: The concept of "generalized manipulator" is introduced, and the closed form and recursive form dynamical models of the generalized manipulator are presented in Newton-Euler formulation. The physical meaning of each term in the dynamical model is explained. The dynamical models formulated by the Newton-Euler method and the Lagrangian-Euler method are proved equivalent. The dynamical model of the generalized manipulator is reduced to ordinary manipulators. The reduced dynamical model is shown...
Show moreThe concept of "generalized manipulator" is introduced, and the closed form and recursive form dynamical models of the generalized manipulator are presented in Newton-Euler formulation. The physical meaning of each term in the dynamical model is explained. The dynamical models formulated by the Newton-Euler method and the Lagrangian-Euler method are proved equivalent. The dynamical model of the generalized manipulator is reduced to ordinary manipulators. The reduced dynamical model is shown identical to existing models. Furthermore, the reduced dynamical model of the generalized manipulator can be used to compute forces and torques components along any direction. Application of the model to problems of mobile robots and flexible manipulators is shown.
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Date Issued: 1985
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14243
Subject Headings: Manipulators (Mechanism), Robots
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Interactive computer aided digital control design.
Creator: Yakali, Huseyin Hakan., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This thesis outlines the design philosophy and implementation aspects of a new interactive CAD tool implemented in BASIC language on an IBM PC/AT computer for single input single output (SISO) digital control systems. The direct Digital Control design method presented is classical in nature. The program main features are: (1) The use of Modified z-transform to model the effects of transport delay due to control computation time. (2) The use of windows on a split screen to allow the designer...
Show moreThis thesis outlines the design philosophy and implementation aspects of a new interactive CAD tool implemented in BASIC language on an IBM PC/AT computer for single input single output (SISO) digital control systems. The direct Digital Control design method presented is classical in nature. The program main features are: (1) The use of Modified z-transform to model the effects of transport delay due to control computation time. (2) The use of windows on a split screen to allow the designer observation of the closed-loop step response while systematically shaping a root locus or synthesizing closed-loop pole/zero patterns. (3) Display of system response in between sampling instants.
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Date Issued: 1988
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14488
Subject Headings: Computer-aided design, Digital control systems, Engineering design--Data processing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Kinematic modeling, identification and compensation of robot manipulators.
Creator: Zhuang, Hanqi, Florida Atlantic University, Hamano, Fumio, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Theoretical and practical issues of kinematic modeling, measurement, identification and compensation are addressed in this dissertation. A comprehensive robot calibration methodology using a new Complete and Parametrically Continuous (CPC) kinematic model is presented. The dissertation focuses on model-based robot calibration techniques. Parametric continuity of a kinematic model is defined and discussed to characterize model singularity. Irreducibility is defined to facilitate error model...
Show moreTheoretical and practical issues of kinematic modeling, measurement, identification and compensation are addressed in this dissertation. A comprehensive robot calibration methodology using a new Complete and Parametrically Continuous (CPC) kinematic model is presented. The dissertation focuses on model-based robot calibration techniques. Parametric continuity of a kinematic model is defined and discussed to characterize model singularity. Irreducibility is defined to facilitate error model reduction. Issues of kinematic parameter identification are addressed by utilizing generic forms of linearized kinematic error models. The CPC model is a complete and parametrically continuous kinematic model capable of describing geometry and motion of a robot manipulator. Owing to the completeness of the CPC model, the transformation from the base frame to the world frame and from the tool frame to the last link frame can be modeled with the same modeling convention as the one used for internal link transformations. Due to the parametric continuity of the CPC model, numerical difficulties in kinematic parameter identification using error models are reduced. The CPC model construction, computation of the link parameters from a given link transformation, inverse kinematics, transformations between the CPC model and the Denavit-Hartenberg model, and linearized CPC error model construction are investigated. New methods for self-calibration of a laser tracking coordinate-measuring-machine are reported. Two calibration methods, one based on a four-tracker system and the other based on three trackers with a precision plane, are proposed. Iterative estimation algorithms along with simulation results are presented. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory is applied to design robot accuracy compensators. In the LQR algorithm, additive corrections of joint commands are found without explicitly solving the inverse kinematic problem for an actual robot; a weighting matrix and coefficients in the cost function can be chosen systematically to achieve specific objective such as emphasizing the positioning accuracy of the end-effector over its orientation accuracy and vice versa and taking into account joint travelling limits as well as singularity zones of the robot. The results of the kinematic identification and compensation experiments using the PUMA robot have shown that the CPC modeling technique presented in this dissertation is a convenient and effective means for accuracy improvements of industrial robots.
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Date Issued: 1989
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12243
Subject Headings: Robotics, Manipulators (Mechanism)
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Modeling errors in Kalman filters.
Creator: Xu, Hua., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: This thesis focuses on the performance of the Kalman filters for scalar time-invariant systems when modeling errors are present. A complete classification of errors according to their effect on the filter performance is carried. Certain errors may drive the Kalman filter into instability. Other errors affect only certain statistical properties of the innovations process. Some of the results have been extended to the scalar time-varying and vector time invariant filtering problems.
Date Issued: 1988
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14435
Subject Headings: Kalman filtering
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Nonlinear filtering techniques for failure detection in dynamic systems.
Creator: Ruokonen, Tuula., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Developing on-line methods for detecting and locating process malfunctions is an important goal towards full automation of systems. Model-based methods, which check the consistency of the observations using the known functional relationships among the process variables seem to have the potential of early detection of slowly developing failures in complex systems. This dissertation deals with nonlinear filtering as a method for failure detection in dynamic processes. The failure detection...
Show moreDeveloping on-line methods for detecting and locating process malfunctions is an important goal towards full automation of systems. Model-based methods, which check the consistency of the observations using the known functional relationships among the process variables seem to have the potential of early detection of slowly developing failures in complex systems. This dissertation deals with nonlinear filtering as a method for failure detection in dynamic processes. The failure detection problem is presented here as an Identification Problem, where no jumps between the possible operating modes are assumed, i.e. there is only uncertainty with regard to which is the present mode. The identification filter consists of parallel Kalman filters, each tuned to a different system mode of operation, whose estimates parametrize the conditional probability equations. An extension of the filter is derived for the case of different measurement noise coefficients in different modes for the continuous-discrete case. In the continuous-time case with different measurement noise intensities the likelihood function is shown to be ill-defined as the induced measures become singular. The average performance of the continuous-descrete as well as the continuous-time identification filters are studied. It is shown that on the average and after a sufficiently long time a correct decision is expected for any decision threshold level. An alternative identification filter structure is derived using the maximum-likelihood estimation philosophy. The filter reduces to parallel Kalman filters, feeding the state estimates to a maximum likelihood generator which then chooses a set of indicator functions to maximize the total likelihood. Some aspects of interpreting a sequence of decisions, choosing a decision threshold and reinitializing the filter are discussed qualitatively using simulation examples. Furthermore, a new approach based on scaling of the likelihood functions is presented. Scaling is shown to be equivalent to choosing a threshold level for the conditional probabilities.
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Date Issued: 1989
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12238
Subject Headings: Kalman filtering
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Robot singularities under small perturbations in the kinematic parameters.
Creator: Mohile, Ajey Avinash., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: When small perturbations in the kinematic parameters of a robot are taken into consideration, the model of a robot no longer contains perfect parallelism and perpendicularity that makes the nominal inverse kinematics so simple. In particular, the effect of joint axis misalignments and small perturbations in the kinematic parameters on the robot singularities is of interest. This aspect is particularly important when planning the workspace of a robot that must undergo calibration. To utilize...
Show moreWhen small perturbations in the kinematic parameters of a robot are taken into consideration, the model of a robot no longer contains perfect parallelism and perpendicularity that makes the nominal inverse kinematics so simple. In particular, the effect of joint axis misalignments and small perturbations in the kinematic parameters on the robot singularities is of interest. This aspect is particularly important when planning the workspace of a robot that must undergo calibration. To utilize the work volume most efficiently, one must know exactly what points are permissible as taught points. In other words, reachable workspace must be clearly defined to avoid the robot from entering the singularity zones not only of the nominal robot but also of all future actual robots. Once singularity zones for the actual robot are correctly identified, workspace planning becomes a simple task. In this thesis the relationship between small perturbations in kinematic parameters and singularities of a simple three-revolute articulated arm are studied. It is shown that singularities in such a robot do shift to new locations.
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Date Issued: 1989
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14476
Subject Headings: Robots--Dynamics, Robots--Motion
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Self-calibration of laser tracking measurement system with planar constraints.
Creator: Motaghedi, Shui Hu., Florida Atlantic University, Zhuang, Hanqi, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Laser tracking coordinate measuring machines have the potential of continuously measuring three dimensional target coordinates in a large workspace with a fast sampling rate and high accuracy. Proper calibration of a laser tracking measurement system is essential prior to use of such a device for metrology. In the absence of a more accurate instrument for system calibration, one has to rely on self-calibration strategies. In this dissertation, a kinematic model that describes not only the...
Show moreLaser tracking coordinate measuring machines have the potential of continuously measuring three dimensional target coordinates in a large workspace with a fast sampling rate and high accuracy. Proper calibration of a laser tracking measurement system is essential prior to use of such a device for metrology. In the absence of a more accurate instrument for system calibration, one has to rely on self-calibration strategies. In this dissertation, a kinematic model that describes not only the motion but also geometric variations of a multiple-beam laser tracking system was developed. The proposed model has the following features: (1) Target positions can be computed from both distance and angular measurements. (2) Through error analysis it was proven that even rough angular measurement may improve the overall system calibration results. A self-calibration method was proposed to calibrate intelligent machines with planar constraints. The method is also applied to the self-calibration of the laser tracking system and a standard PUMA 560 robot. Various calibration strategies utilizing planar constraints were explored to deal with different system setups. For each calibration strategy, issues about the error parameter estimation of the system were investigated to find out under which conditions these parameters can be uniquely estimated. These conditions revealed the applicability of the planar constraints to the system self-calibration. The observability conditions can serve as a guideline for the experimental setup when planar constraint is utilized in the machine calibration including the calibration of the laser tracking systems. Intensive simulation studies were conducted to check validity of the theoretical results. Realistic noise values were injected to the system models to statistically assess the behavior of the self-calibration system under real-world conditions. Various practical calibration issues were also explored in the simulations and therefore to pave ways for experimental investigation. The calibration strategies were also applied experimentally to calibrate a laser tracking system constructed at the Robotics Center in Florida Atlantic University.
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Date Issued: 1999
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12599
Subject Headings: Robots--Kinematics, Robotics--Calibration--Measurement, Robots--Control systems
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A study on glucose metabolism: Computer simulation and modeling.
Creator: Leesirikul, Meta., Florida Atlantic University, Neelakanta, Perambur S., Roth, Zvi S., Morgera, Salvatore D., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Sorensen's model of glucose metabolism and regulation is reconstructed using SimulinkRTM. Most of the existing glucose metabolism models consist of several mass balance equations that interact with each others. Graphical format used by SimulinkRTM provides a visualized perspective of such relations so that it is easier to modify the model on ad hoc basis. Type-I and Type-II diabetes with relevant clinical details are simulated. Further, a control strategy is introduced in order to simulate...
Show moreSorensen's model of glucose metabolism and regulation is reconstructed using SimulinkRTM. Most of the existing glucose metabolism models consist of several mass balance equations that interact with each others. Graphical format used by SimulinkRTM provides a visualized perspective of such relations so that it is easier to modify the model on ad hoc basis. Type-I and Type-II diabetes with relevant clinical details are simulated. Further, a control strategy is introduced in order to simulate the control of exogenous insulin pump. Simulated results are consistent with available clinical data. Living systems in general, exhibit both stochastical and deterministic characteristics. Activities such as glucose metabolism traditionally modeled do not include stochastical properties, nor that they are viewed in the large framework of complex system with explicit interaction details. Currently, a complexity system model is developed to describe the glucose metabolism related activities. The simulation results obtained thereof illustrate the bounding domain of variations in some clinically observed details.
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Date Issued: 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13254
Subject Headings: Glucose--Metabolism, Computer simulation, Diabetes--Metabolism, Computer modeling
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Submicron CAD design and analysis of MOS Current Mirrors.
Creator: Rivas-Torres, Wilfredo, Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Current Mirrors are widely used circuits in IC designs. They are used as current sources and loads. The proper selection of a Current Mirror configuration is therefore important. This thesis reviews critical parameters for Current Minors characterization. Six MOS Current Mirror configurations are studied, and their performance characteristics are compared. The proper selection and use of MOSFET models are presented. It is shown that CAD-based design and analysis is indispensable if realistic...
Show moreCurrent Mirrors are widely used circuits in IC designs. They are used as current sources and loads. The proper selection of a Current Mirror configuration is therefore important. This thesis reviews critical parameters for Current Minors characterization. Six MOS Current Mirror configurations are studied, and their performance characteristics are compared. The proper selection and use of MOSFET models are presented. It is shown that CAD-based design and analysis is indispensable if realistic MOS models such as BSIM3 are used. The CAD based analysis and design employs simulation parameter tuning, optimization and swept parameters. The presented CAD techniques allow a designer to make important tradeoffs for different configurations. One of the main thesis observations is that it is not always necessary to use more involved Current Mirror configurations; a Simple Current Mirror Configuration is often sufficient. The thesis also studies the adverse effects on the design caused by process variations.
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Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13119
Subject Headings: Metal oxide semiconductors--Computer-aided design, Integrated circuits, Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Synthesis of vision-based robot calibration using moving cameras.
Creator: Wang, Kuanchih., Florida Atlantic University, Roth, Zvi S., Zhuang, Hanqi, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Robot calibration using a vision system and moving cameras is the focus of this dissertation. The dissertation contributes in the areas of robot modeling, kinematic identification and calibration measurement. The effects of perspective distortion of circular camera calibration points is analyzed. A new modified complete and parametrically continuous robot kinematic model, an evolution of the complete and parametrically continuous (CPC) model, is proposed. It is shown that the model's error...
Show moreRobot calibration using a vision system and moving cameras is the focus of this dissertation. The dissertation contributes in the areas of robot modeling, kinematic identification and calibration measurement. The effects of perspective distortion of circular camera calibration points is analyzed. A new modified complete and parametrically continuous robot kinematic model, an evolution of the complete and parametrically continuous (CPC) model, is proposed. It is shown that the model's error-model can be developed easily as the structure of this new model is very simple and similar to the Denavit-Hartenbert model. The derivation procedure of the error-model follows a systematic method that can be applied to any kind of robot arms. Pose measurement is the most crucial step in robot calibration. The use of stereo as well as mono mobile camera measurement system for collection of pose data of the robot end-effector is investigated. The Simulated Annealing technique is applied to the problem of optimal measurement configuration selection. Joint travel limits can be included in the cost function. It is shown that trapping into local minimum points can be effectively avoided by properly choosing an initial point and a temperature schedule. The concept of simultaneous calibration of camera and robot is developed and implemented as an automated process that determines the system model parameters using only the system's internal sensors. This process uses a unified mathematical model for the entire robot/camera system. The results of the kinematic identification, optimal configuration selection, and simultaneous calibration of robot and camera using the PUMA 560 robot arm have demonstrated that the modified complete and parametrically continuous model is a viable and simple modeling tool, which can achieve desired accuracy. The systematic way of modeling and performing of different kinds of vision-based robot applications demonstrated in this dissertation will pave the way for industrial standardizing of robot calibration done by the robot user on the manufacturing floor.
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Date Issued: 1993
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12339
Subject Headings: Robot vision, Robot cameras--Calibration
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Workspace evaluation and kinematic calibration of Stewart platform.
Creator: Wang, Jian., Florida Atlantic University, Masory, Oren, Roth, Zvi S., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description: Parallel manipulators have their special characteristics in contrast to the traditional serial type of robots. Stewart platform is a typical six degree of freedom fully parallel robot manipulator. The goal of this research is to enhance the accuracy and the restricted workspace of the Stewart platform. The first part of the dissertation discusses the effect of three kinematic constraints: link length limitation, joint angle limitation and link interference, and kinematic parameters on the...
Show moreParallel manipulators have their special characteristics in contrast to the traditional serial type of robots. Stewart platform is a typical six degree of freedom fully parallel robot manipulator. The goal of this research is to enhance the accuracy and the restricted workspace of the Stewart platform. The first part of the dissertation discusses the effect of three kinematic constraints: link length limitation, joint angle limitation and link interference, and kinematic parameters on the workspace of the platform. An algorithm considering the above constraints for the determination of the volume and the envelop of Stewart platform workspace is developed. The workspace volume is used as a criterion to evaluate the effects of the platform dimensions and kinematic constraints on the workspace and the dexterity of the Stewart platform. The analysis and algorithm can be used as a design tool to select dimensions, actuators and joints in order to maximize the workspace. The remaining parts of the dissertation focus on the accuracy enhancement. Manufacturing tolerances, installation errors and link offsets cause deviations with respect to the nominal parameters of the platform. As a result, if nominal parameters are being used, the resulting platform pose will be inaccurate. An accurate kinematic model of Stewart platform which accommodates all manufacturing and installation errors is developed. In order to evaluate the effects of the above factors on the accuracy, algorithms for the forward and inverse kinematics solutions of the accurate model are developed. The effects of different manufacturing tolerances and installation errors on the platform accuracy are investigated based on this model. Simulation results provide insight into the expected accuracy and indicate the major factors contributing to the inaccuracies. In order to enhance the accuracy, there is a need to calibrate the platform, or to determine the actual values of the kinematic parameters (Parameter Identification) and to incorporate these into the inverse kinematic solution (Accuracy Compensation). An error-model based algorithm for the parameter identification is developed. Procedures for the formulation of the identification Jacobian and for accuracy compensation are presented. The algorithms are tested using simulated measurements in which the realistic measurement noise is included. As a result, pose error of the platform are significantly reduced.
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Date Issued: 1992
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12316
Subject Headings: Robots--Control systems, Manipulators (Mechanism), Robotics--Calibration
Format: Document (PDF)

Manipulators (Mechanism) (4)	+ -
Robots--Control systems (4)	+ -
Kalman filtering (2)	+ -
Algorithms (1)	+ -
Biotechnological process control (1)	+ -

Biotechnological process monitoring (1)	+ -
Cameras--Calibration (1)	+ -
Computer modeling (1)	+ -
Computer simulation (1)	+ -
Computer-aided design (1)	+ -
Diabetes--Metabolism (1)	+ -
Digital control systems (1)	+ -
Electron transport (1)	+ -
Engineering design--Data processing (1)	+ -
Fuzzy logic (1)	+ -
Glucose--Metabolism (1)	+ -
Integrated circuits (1)	+ -
Integrated circuits -- Design and construction (1)	+ -
Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (1)	+ -
Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary -- Mathematical models (1)	+ -
Metal oxide semiconductors--Computer-aided design (1)	+ -
Molecular biology -- Automation (1)	+ -
Molecular biology -- Technique (1)	+ -
Molecular cloning -- Technique (1)	+ -
Pharmacognosy (1)	+ -
Robot cameras--Calibration (1)	+ -
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