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Psychoacoustic evaluations of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostis)

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Date Issued:
1999
Summary:
Psychoacoustic procedures were used to measure the heating thresholds of captive West Indian manatees under simultaneous masking conditions. Auditory detection thresholds of pulsed and non- pulsed pure tones, and complex sounds were measured against continuous white noise backgrounds through a series of forced-choice paradigms. Auditory thresholds as a function of signal intensity, center frequency, pulse repetition, spectral characteristics and bandwidth were measured. Resulting critical signal-to-noise ratios for pure tone measurements suggest manatees have relatively acute frequency filtering abilities compared with humans and other marine mammals. Signal characteristics such as repetition rate along with amplitude and frequency modulation may lower detection thresholds by providing temporal contrasts against aperiodic background noise. Thresholds for frequency modulated bandlimited signals were measured near or below background noise levels. Threshold tests using broadband signals, including a species specific call and samples of boat noise suggest that loudness summation across critical bands, as well as modulation of signals, can reduce the effects of masking observed with pure tones. To test a manatee's ability to localize sound sources in relation to its position in the water, a forced-choice egocentric (orientation) paradigm was used. The manatee demonstrated equal localization of sounds originating from the left or right side. While accuracy improved with higher frequencies the manatee demonstrated good overall localization of both low and higher frequency sounds, suggesting it may utilize both time of arrival cues and intensity difference cues for localizing brief sounds. The psychoacoustic data reveal some hearing abilities unique to manatees, as well as hearing phenomena similar to those observed among mammals and other vertebrates species. Manatees are well adapted for hearing and locating high frequency sounds in noisy shallow water habitats where physical boundary and near surface phenomena such as the Lloyd Mirror Effect can impede the propagation of low frequencies. Narrow critical bands and selective perception of pulsed signals may be adaptations for detecting species-specific vocalizations. Results indicate manatees can not effectively detect the low frequency sounds of approaching boats from safe enough distances to avoid collisions in the wild.
Title: Psychoacoustic evaluations of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostis).
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Name(s): Gerstein, Edmund Roy
Florida Atlantic University, Degree Grantor
Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Department of Psychology
Type of Resource: text
Genre: Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation
Issuance: monographic
Date Issued: 1999
Publisher: Florida Atlantic University
Place of Publication: Boca Raton, Fla.
Physical Form: application/pdf
Extent: 162 p.
Language(s): English
Summary: Psychoacoustic procedures were used to measure the heating thresholds of captive West Indian manatees under simultaneous masking conditions. Auditory detection thresholds of pulsed and non- pulsed pure tones, and complex sounds were measured against continuous white noise backgrounds through a series of forced-choice paradigms. Auditory thresholds as a function of signal intensity, center frequency, pulse repetition, spectral characteristics and bandwidth were measured. Resulting critical signal-to-noise ratios for pure tone measurements suggest manatees have relatively acute frequency filtering abilities compared with humans and other marine mammals. Signal characteristics such as repetition rate along with amplitude and frequency modulation may lower detection thresholds by providing temporal contrasts against aperiodic background noise. Thresholds for frequency modulated bandlimited signals were measured near or below background noise levels. Threshold tests using broadband signals, including a species specific call and samples of boat noise suggest that loudness summation across critical bands, as well as modulation of signals, can reduce the effects of masking observed with pure tones. To test a manatee's ability to localize sound sources in relation to its position in the water, a forced-choice egocentric (orientation) paradigm was used. The manatee demonstrated equal localization of sounds originating from the left or right side. While accuracy improved with higher frequencies the manatee demonstrated good overall localization of both low and higher frequency sounds, suggesting it may utilize both time of arrival cues and intensity difference cues for localizing brief sounds. The psychoacoustic data reveal some hearing abilities unique to manatees, as well as hearing phenomena similar to those observed among mammals and other vertebrates species. Manatees are well adapted for hearing and locating high frequency sounds in noisy shallow water habitats where physical boundary and near surface phenomena such as the Lloyd Mirror Effect can impede the propagation of low frequencies. Narrow critical bands and selective perception of pulsed signals may be adaptations for detecting species-specific vocalizations. Results indicate manatees can not effectively detect the low frequency sounds of approaching boats from safe enough distances to avoid collisions in the wild.
Identifier: 9780599378087 (isbn), 12601 (digitool), FADT12601 (IID), fau:9486 (fedora)
Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
Note(s): Adviser: Ingrid Johanson.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 1999.
Subject(s): Psychology, Psychobiology
Biology, Zoology
Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Held by: Florida Atlantic University Libraries
Persistent Link to This Record: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12601
Sublocation: Digital Library
Use and Reproduction: Copyright © is held by the author, with permission granted to Florida Atlantic University to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
Use and Reproduction: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Host Institution: FAU
Is Part of Series: Florida Atlantic University Digital Library Collections.